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From page 215... ... quark, 19 Backbends, 102, 103 Bag model, quark, 19, 20, 23, 205 Baryon, 19, 25, 153, 205 conservation, 24-25 density, 109, 110, 139-140, 141 resonance, 19, 65, 154-156. Read the entire page →
From page 216... ... , 5-6, 143, 145, 174-175, 176-177, 204 Colliding-beam accelerator, 30, 206 relativistic heavy-ion, 5-6 Collisior deep-inelastic, 54, 56-59, 206 head-on, 54 heavy-ion, 2, 52 Color, quark, 19, 206 Color force, 20, 206 Compact x-ray source, 113 Compilation, nuclear data, 8, 185 Compound nucleus, 54, 56-58, 206 Computer, Class VI, 7 Condensed-matter physics, 121-123 Conductivity, thermal, 93 Confinement, quark, 19, 70-72, 212 Conservation, energy, 132 Conservation laws, 24-25, 27, 77, 206 Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) , 4, 70, 151, 152, 172-173, 176-177, 203 Coriolis force, 102 Cosmic rays, 84, 109 Cosmology, 9, 126-127 Coulomb barrier, 31, 206 excitation, 38-39 force, 206 Crab nebula, 112 Crystal balls, 180 Crystal Box spectrometer, 167 Crystals, channeling of charged particles in, 121-123 Cyclotron, 28, 29, 206 Read the entire page →
From page 217... ... , 30-31, 207 Electron-beam ion source, 183 Electron-cyclotron-resonance ion source, 183 Electroweak force, 9, 14-16, 79, 160-168, 207 Electroweak theory, 23 Element 105, 95 Element 106, 94 Element 107, 95 Element 108, 95 Element 109, 95 Elementary modes of excitation, 39-52 Elementary particles, 16-24, 207 Elementary vector boson, 21-24, 207 Elements heaviest, 94-97 light, nucleosynthesis of, 108-110 magic island of, 96-97 new, 2 superheavy, search for, 96-97 transfermium, 94-95 Emission tomography, 127-129 Energy, 24 conservation, 24, 132 density, critical, 141 kinetic, 30-31 profile, excitation, 47 ranges, 195 resolution, 170 technology, 131-134 Enriched stable isotopes, 8, 184-185 Equation of state, 207 of nuclear matter, 92-93 European Center for Nuclear Research, 102, 203 European Laboratory for Particle Physics, 102, 203 European Organization for Nuclear Research, 102, 203 eV (electron volt) , 30-31, 207 Even-even nuclei, 51 Exchange current, 47, 207 Exchange particle, 21, 207 Read the entire page →
From page 218... ... , 61-63, 203 Head-on collision, 54 Heavy ion, 30, 195, 209 colliding-beam accelerator, relativistic, 5-6 collision, 2, 54 physics, relativistic, 88-89, 146-149 systems, resonances in, 54-56 Heisenberg uncertainty principle, 21, 209 Helium, 108 Helium burning, 118 High energy, 209 High-energy regime, 31 High-temperature, high-density nuclear physics, 2 Hipjoint replacements, 129-130 Hot CNO cycle, 119 Hot spot in nucleus, 140 Hydrodynamic models, 92, 93 Hydrogen, 108 Hydrogen fusion, 118 Hyperfine interactions, 121 Hypernucleus, 69, 209 double, 156 lambda, 156 physics of, 73-75 Hyperon, 19, 209 lambda, 74, 165-166 sigma, 75 Hyperon-nucleon interaction, 69 I Impact parameter, 52-53, 209 Independent-particle model, 13, 209 Indiana University Cyclotron Facility (IUCF) , 182, 204 Infinite nuclear matter, 61 Instrumentation, nuclear-physics, 6-7, 180 Intensity interferometry, 92 Interacting boson model, 38, 50-52 Interactions, fundamental, 16 Intermediate vector boson, 23, 209 Intranuclear cascade model, 92 Read the entire page →
From page 219... ... , 76, 204 Low-energy regime, 31 M Macroscopic nuclear dynamics, 52-59 Magic island of superheavy elements, 9697 Magic numbers, 101 Magnetic moment, 47 Magnetic scattering, elastic, 49-50 Magnetic spectrometer systems, 180 Magnetization density, 49 Manganese nodules, 126 Many-body problem, 210 nuclear, 12-13, 59-66 traditional, expanding, 6~66 Mass, 24 conservation of sum of energy and, 24 excess, 97, 98 "missing," 81, 109 number (A) , 11-12, 210 of neutrino, 18, 80-81 of nucleon, 14 rest, 31, 213 Mass-energy equivalence formula, Einstein, 17, 210 Materials modification and analysis, 130131 Matter, dimensions for structure of, 10 Medicine, nuclear, 127 Medium energy, 210 Medium ion, 30, 195, 210 Medium-energy regime, 31 Meson, 2, 20, 23, 153, 210 factory, 46 in nuclei, 154-156 virtual, 23 Meson-baryon field theory, 66 Meson-exchange currents, 4 effects, 23 model, 70-71, 210 Microtron, 182 "Missing mass," 81, 109 Molecule, nuclear, 55-56 Monopole, giant, 1-2, 42~4 Mossbauer spectroscopy, 123 Multiplicity of event, 33 Multiquark states, 72 Muon, 17, 123, 210 beams, 123 Read the entire page →
From page 220... ... , 169, 204 Nuclear astrophysics, 107-119 beams, 121 cardiology tests, 128-129 collider, relativistic (RNC) , 5-6, 143, 145, 174-175, 176-177, 204 complexes, giant, 124 cross section, 206 data compilation, 8, 185 densities, high, 91-92 dynamics, macroscopic, 52-59 fireball, 89, 90-91 fission reactors, 131 forces, short-range, 52 fusion, 107, 131 interactions, 32 magnetic-resonance spectroscopy, 123 many-body problem, 12-13, 59-66 matter, 1, 211 baryon-meson aspects of, 4 changing descriptions of, 150-159 compressibility of, 2, 61, 113 equation of state of, 92-93 infinite, 61 quark-gluon aspects of, 4 states of, 138-140 medicine, 127 molecules, 55, 57, 155 physics, 1-3 accelerators in, 170-173 additional facility opportunities for, 179 applications of, 120-121 current frontiers of, 135-185 further recommendations in, 178-185 graduate courses in, 8 high-temperature, high-density, 2 impacts of, 105-134 instrumentation of, 6-7, 180 introduction to, 9-33 major advances in, 35-104 recommendations for future of, 3-8 recommended priorities for, 169-185 research in, 2-3 scientific and societal benefits, 120134 properties under extreme conditions, 156-159 reaction, 12, 211 in stars, 114-119 science, 1 shock waves, 157 spectroscopy, 12, 211 structure and dynamics, 37-66 temperatures, high, 88-91 theory, 7, 181 thermodynamics, 89 transparency, 143, 144 vibration, 1-2 wave functions, 156 well-logging, 131-132 Nuclear Data Sheets, 185 Nuclear Science Advisory Committee (NSAC) Read the entire page →
From page 221... ... , 20 Pion, 20, 44, 65, 68, 91, 211 beam, 38, 44 condensate, 93, 140, 175 laser, 147 virtual, 68 Plastic BalVPlastic Wall, 89, 90 Positron, 17, 81, 123, 212 Postaccelerators, 182 Projectile particles, 28 Proton, 10-11, 212 decay, spontaneous, 27 direct proton radioactivity, 99 number (Z) , 11-12, 212 valence, 51 Proton-antiproton"atom," 153 "atom," 153 interaction, 76 system, 69 Proton-kaon interaction, 76 Proton-proton reaction, 114-115 scattering, parity in, 152-153 Proton-rich nuclei, 157 Pulsar, 104, 113 Q QCD (quantum chromodynamics) Read the entire page →
From page 222... ... , 5-6, 143, 145, 174-175, 176-177, 204 Rotations, collective, 39 S s (strange) quark, 19 Scattering, 32 elastic charge, 47 elastic magnetic, 49-50 Scientists, new, 8 training, 183-184 Scintillation detectors, 180 Secondary beams, 38 Semiconductors, 130 Shape, electron spectrum, 81 Shell model, 13, 37-38, 55, 213 time-dependent generalization of, 58-59 Shock wave nuclear, 157 supernova, 112-113 Short-lived radioactive nuclides, 182 Short-range nuclear forces, 52 Sigma, 75 Signature of event, 32 Solar model, standard, 117 Solar-neutrino detector, 82, 115 problem, 115-118 Solar wind, 131 Solid-state electronics, 130 Solid-state phenomena, 121 Space-time, four-dimensional, 142 Spallation nuclear, 32 reactions, 109 Spectroscopy, nuclear, 12 Spin, 20, 213 Read the entire page →
From page 223... ... quark, 19 Strangeness, 19, 164, 213 Streamer chamber, 33, 158 String, quark, 71 Stripped uranium, 125 Strong force, 2, 9, 13-14, 20, 23, 213 Strong quark interaction, 85 Substitutional state of nucleus, 74 Sum rule, 40, 213 Summary, executive, 1-8 Sun, 107, 111, 115 Superconducting linear accelerator, 182 Superconducting materials, 7, 181 Supernova, 107, 108, 111-114, 157 shockwave, 112-113 weak-interaction processes in, 113-114 Supersymmetry, 51-52 Symmetry, 25-27 chiral, 174 geometrical, 50 nucleus and, 77-86 violations of, 67 Symmetry principle, 2, 214 Synchrotron, 214 T t (top) quark, 19, 166 Target, 28, 30 Tanon, 17-18, 214 Tauon neutrino, 18, 81-82 Technetium radionuclide, 129 Technical terms, 204-214 Tektites, 127 Temperature high, nuclei at, 88-93 relative baryon density and, 139-140 Thallium radionuclide, 128-129 Therapeutic radiology, 129 Thermal conductivity, 93 Thermodynamics, nuclear, 89 Three-nucleon nucleus, 60 Time-dependent generalization of shell model, 58-59 Time intervals, ultrashort, 123 Time-reversal invariance, 27, 78, 214 Time-reversal-invanance violation, 161, 164 Tokamak fusion reactors, 124 Tomography, emission, 127-129 Top (t) Read the entire page →
From page 224... ... , 26 White dwarfs, 118 X X-ray laser action, 149 X-ray source, compact, 113 y Y* state, 155 Z (proton number) Read the entire page →

From page 215...

... quark, 19 Backbends, 102, 103 Bag model, quark, 19, 20, 23, 205 Baryon, 19, 25, 153, 205 conservation, 24-25 density, 109, 110, 139-140, 141 resonance, 19, 65, 154-156.

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From page 216...

... , 5-6, 143, 145, 174-175, 176-177, 204 Colliding-beam accelerator, 30, 206 relativistic heavy-ion, 5-6 Collisior deep-inelastic, 54, 56-59, 206 head-on, 54 heavy-ion, 2, 52 Color, quark, 19, 206 Color force, 20, 206 Compact x-ray source, 113 Compilation, nuclear data, 8, 185 Compound nucleus, 54, 56-58, 206 Computer, Class VI, 7 Condensed-matter physics, 121-123 Conductivity, thermal, 93 Confinement, quark, 19, 70-72, 212 Conservation, energy, 132 Conservation laws, 24-25, 27, 77, 206 Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) , 4, 70, 151, 152, 172-173, 176-177, 203 Coriolis force, 102 Cosmic rays, 84, 109 Cosmology, 9, 126-127 Coulomb barrier, 31, 206 excitation, 38-39 force, 206 Crab nebula, 112 Crystal balls, 180 Crystal Box spectrometer, 167 Crystals, channeling of charged particles in, 121-123 Cyclotron, 28, 29, 206

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From page 217...

... , 30-31, 207 Electron-beam ion source, 183 Electron-cyclotron-resonance ion source, 183 Electroweak force, 9, 14-16, 79, 160-168, 207 Electroweak theory, 23 Element 105, 95 Element 106, 94 Element 107, 95 Element 108, 95 Element 109, 95 Elementary modes of excitation, 39-52 Elementary particles, 16-24, 207 Elementary vector boson, 21-24, 207 Elements heaviest, 94-97 light, nucleosynthesis of, 108-110 magic island of, 96-97 new, 2 superheavy, search for, 96-97 transfermium, 94-95 Emission tomography, 127-129 Energy, 24 conservation, 24, 132 density, critical, 141 kinetic, 30-31 profile, excitation, 47 ranges, 195 resolution, 170 technology, 131-134 Enriched stable isotopes, 8, 184-185 Equation of state, 207 of nuclear matter, 92-93 European Center for Nuclear Research, 102, 203 European Laboratory for Particle Physics, 102, 203 European Organization for Nuclear Research, 102, 203 eV (electron volt) , 30-31, 207 Even-even nuclei, 51 Exchange current, 47, 207 Exchange particle, 21, 207

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From page 218...

... , 61-63, 203 Head-on collision, 54 Heavy ion, 30, 195, 209 colliding-beam accelerator, relativistic, 5-6 collision, 2, 54 physics, relativistic, 88-89, 146-149 systems, resonances in, 54-56 Heisenberg uncertainty principle, 21, 209 Helium, 108 Helium burning, 118 High energy, 209 High-energy regime, 31 High-temperature, high-density nuclear physics, 2 Hipjoint replacements, 129-130 Hot CNO cycle, 119 Hot spot in nucleus, 140 Hydrodynamic models, 92, 93 Hydrogen, 108 Hydrogen fusion, 118 Hyperfine interactions, 121 Hypernucleus, 69, 209 double, 156 lambda, 156 physics of, 73-75 Hyperon, 19, 209 lambda, 74, 165-166 sigma, 75 Hyperon-nucleon interaction, 69 I Impact parameter, 52-53, 209 Independent-particle model, 13, 209 Indiana University Cyclotron Facility (IUCF) , 182, 204 Infinite nuclear matter, 61 Instrumentation, nuclear-physics, 6-7, 180 Intensity interferometry, 92 Interacting boson model, 38, 50-52 Interactions, fundamental, 16 Intermediate vector boson, 23, 209 Intranuclear cascade model, 92

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From page 219...

... , 76, 204 Low-energy regime, 31 M Macroscopic nuclear dynamics, 52-59 Magic island of superheavy elements, 9697 Magic numbers, 101 Magnetic moment, 47 Magnetic scattering, elastic, 49-50 Magnetic spectrometer systems, 180 Magnetization density, 49 Manganese nodules, 126 Many-body problem, 210 nuclear, 12-13, 59-66 traditional, expanding, 6~66 Mass, 24 conservation of sum of energy and, 24 excess, 97, 98 "missing," 81, 109 number (A) , 11-12, 210 of neutrino, 18, 80-81 of nucleon, 14 rest, 31, 213 Mass-energy equivalence formula, Einstein, 17, 210 Materials modification and analysis, 130131 Matter, dimensions for structure of, 10 Medicine, nuclear, 127 Medium energy, 210 Medium ion, 30, 195, 210 Medium-energy regime, 31 Meson, 2, 20, 23, 153, 210 factory, 46 in nuclei, 154-156 virtual, 23 Meson-baryon field theory, 66 Meson-exchange currents, 4 effects, 23 model, 70-71, 210 Microtron, 182 "Missing mass," 81, 109 Molecule, nuclear, 55-56 Monopole, giant, 1-2, 42~4 Mossbauer spectroscopy, 123 Multiplicity of event, 33 Multiquark states, 72 Muon, 17, 123, 210 beams, 123

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From page 220...

... , 169, 204 Nuclear astrophysics, 107-119 beams, 121 cardiology tests, 128-129 collider, relativistic (RNC) , 5-6, 143, 145, 174-175, 176-177, 204 complexes, giant, 124 cross section, 206 data compilation, 8, 185 densities, high, 91-92 dynamics, macroscopic, 52-59 fireball, 89, 90-91 fission reactors, 131 forces, short-range, 52 fusion, 107, 131 interactions, 32 magnetic-resonance spectroscopy, 123 many-body problem, 12-13, 59-66 matter, 1, 211 baryon-meson aspects of, 4 changing descriptions of, 150-159 compressibility of, 2, 61, 113 equation of state of, 92-93 infinite, 61 quark-gluon aspects of, 4 states of, 138-140 medicine, 127 molecules, 55, 57, 155 physics, 1-3 accelerators in, 170-173 additional facility opportunities for, 179 applications of, 120-121 current frontiers of, 135-185 further recommendations in, 178-185 graduate courses in, 8 high-temperature, high-density, 2 impacts of, 105-134 instrumentation of, 6-7, 180 introduction to, 9-33 major advances in, 35-104 recommendations for future of, 3-8 recommended priorities for, 169-185 research in, 2-3 scientific and societal benefits, 120134 properties under extreme conditions, 156-159 reaction, 12, 211 in stars, 114-119 science, 1 shock waves, 157 spectroscopy, 12, 211 structure and dynamics, 37-66 temperatures, high, 88-91 theory, 7, 181 thermodynamics, 89 transparency, 143, 144 vibration, 1-2 wave functions, 156 well-logging, 131-132 Nuclear Data Sheets, 185 Nuclear Science Advisory Committee (NSAC)

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From page 221...

... , 20 Pion, 20, 44, 65, 68, 91, 211 beam, 38, 44 condensate, 93, 140, 175 laser, 147 virtual, 68 Plastic BalVPlastic Wall, 89, 90 Positron, 17, 81, 123, 212 Postaccelerators, 182 Projectile particles, 28 Proton, 10-11, 212 decay, spontaneous, 27 direct proton radioactivity, 99 number (Z) , 11-12, 212 valence, 51 Proton-antiproton"atom," 153 "atom," 153 interaction, 76 system, 69 Proton-kaon interaction, 76 Proton-proton reaction, 114-115 scattering, parity in, 152-153 Proton-rich nuclei, 157 Pulsar, 104, 113 Q QCD (quantum chromodynamics)

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From page 222...

... , 5-6, 143, 145, 174-175, 176-177, 204 Rotations, collective, 39 S s (strange) quark, 19 Scattering, 32 elastic charge, 47 elastic magnetic, 49-50 Scientists, new, 8 training, 183-184 Scintillation detectors, 180 Secondary beams, 38 Semiconductors, 130 Shape, electron spectrum, 81 Shell model, 13, 37-38, 55, 213 time-dependent generalization of, 58-59 Shock wave nuclear, 157 supernova, 112-113 Short-lived radioactive nuclides, 182 Short-range nuclear forces, 52 Sigma, 75 Signature of event, 32 Solar model, standard, 117 Solar-neutrino detector, 82, 115 problem, 115-118 Solar wind, 131 Solid-state electronics, 130 Solid-state phenomena, 121 Space-time, four-dimensional, 142 Spallation nuclear, 32 reactions, 109 Spectroscopy, nuclear, 12 Spin, 20, 213

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From page 223...

... quark, 19 Strangeness, 19, 164, 213 Streamer chamber, 33, 158 String, quark, 71 Stripped uranium, 125 Strong force, 2, 9, 13-14, 20, 23, 213 Strong quark interaction, 85 Substitutional state of nucleus, 74 Sum rule, 40, 213 Summary, executive, 1-8 Sun, 107, 111, 115 Superconducting linear accelerator, 182 Superconducting materials, 7, 181 Supernova, 107, 108, 111-114, 157 shockwave, 112-113 weak-interaction processes in, 113-114 Supersymmetry, 51-52 Symmetry, 25-27 chiral, 174 geometrical, 50 nucleus and, 77-86 violations of, 67 Symmetry principle, 2, 214 Synchrotron, 214 T t (top) quark, 19, 166 Target, 28, 30 Tanon, 17-18, 214 Tauon neutrino, 18, 81-82 Technetium radionuclide, 129 Technical terms, 204-214 Tektites, 127 Temperature high, nuclei at, 88-93 relative baryon density and, 139-140 Thallium radionuclide, 128-129 Therapeutic radiology, 129 Thermal conductivity, 93 Thermodynamics, nuclear, 89 Three-nucleon nucleus, 60 Time-dependent generalization of shell model, 58-59 Time intervals, ultrashort, 123 Time-reversal invariance, 27, 78, 214 Time-reversal-invanance violation, 161, 164 Tokamak fusion reactors, 124 Tomography, emission, 127-129 Top (t)

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From page 224...

... , 26 White dwarfs, 118 X X-ray laser action, 149 X-ray source, compact, 113 y Y* state, 155 Z (proton number)

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Index Pages 215-224

Index
Pages 215-224