Multimodal Transportation Planning Data Compendium of Data Collection Practices and Sources (1997) / Chapter Skim
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2. Data Collection Methods
2. Data Collection Methods
Pages 5-24
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surveys, and extemal station surveys. Household Travel Surveys-Household surveys provide data on the characteristics of families and individuals, as well as their travel movements, mode choice, and time of travel.
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Furthermore, household travel surveys have typically focused on trips made by household members. Modelers have advocated changing the focus of household surveys from- surveys of trips to surveys of activities of household members.
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. Stated-preference surveys allow respondents to respond to alternative scenarios, resulting in more useable data for estimating travel behavior and charactenshcs.
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TOB surveys are typically self-administered and short enough to complete during the transit run. Results of on-board surveys have been combined with the results of household travel surveys to develop 'thoice-based"calibration data files for mode choice model estimation.
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: Similar to the movement of the household survey towards acEvity-based modeling, work has been conducted which focuses on conunodity movements, rawer Man truck trips. Studies have recently been conducted using hand held computers, caped Persor~ Digital Assistants (PDA's)
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The advantages of CAPI surreys are: The hand-held computers can be programmed to accept valid entrees which would reduce field data entry errors. The storage capacitor allows previous entrees to be checked to avoid inconsistencies wad over entries.
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Parking Surveys have evolved from being used exclusively to project parking supply, demand, utilization, and turnover to using the data to provide trip generation figures associated with a particular parking area. Pricing information collected during a parking survey can also assist wig understanding and predicting price elasticity of paring costs and the effects on travel behavior.
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Vehicle clasQfication record - The portable recorders use t~ro-a~e sensors, such as road tubes, tape switches, tape-down piezo~ectric film or piezo-cable to sort vehicles into thirteen FEWA established categories. The permanent designs utilize two ~n-pavement inductive loops, two piezo awe 6Guidelines for Traffic Data Programs.
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There are numerous ITS technologies that relate to traffic management, improved communications, data management, etc. The technologies described below are Rose that, among other possible functions, have the ability to collect pr~rnary data usefid to transportation planners.
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These machines can provide a host of information on readership characteristics such as: total number of riders by hip and line; total revenue collected by trip and line; fare medium used-~~ash, monthly pass, transfer, etc.; and zonal ridership by patrons. This information, which in most cases is collected off-line and downloaded daily to a primary database, could eventually be collected on-line and provide real time data directly to the traffic management center.
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Electronic signs at park-and-rides, as well as touch screen kiosks provide real time information on the buses status. The kiosks can also be used to pant schedules, plan routes, and receive information on other travel related items.
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Although much of the same data can be provided by currently used inductive loop systems, the video imaging technology provides some advantages. For one, the delays caused by the maintenance of in 16
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The images of the license plates of the downstream vehicles are matched with those of the upstream images to determine the travel time and, therefore, speed of the vehicles passing that segment. One camera is usually required per lane.
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1SAssessment of Advanced Technologies for Relieving Urban Traffic Congestion. National Cooperative Highway Research Program Report #340, TRB, December 1991.
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Vehicles equipped with two-way communication devices could potentially receive current information on traffic conditions or route change information which could speed travel time and reduce congestion. Other possible applications of AVI technology beyond current travel time information include HOV lane enforcement, congestion pricing (e.g., charging users according ~ frequency and time of use)
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t8Benz, Robert "The Development, Benefits, and Use of Computer Aided Travel Time Data Collection", Presented at the National Traffic Data Acquisition Conference ~ATDAC)
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I9Assessment of Advanced Technologies for Relieving Urban Traffic Congestion. National Cooperative Highway Research Program Report #340 TRB December 1991.
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at The University of Texas installed infiared sensors on a sign bridge spanning a 15-lane Deeway near Houston The insulation occurred during two weekends versus the minimum of five weekends of labor needed to inset loop detectors in He pavement. The equipment costs were approximately $130 per transm~tter/receiver unit and $30 (maximum)
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Accepted for presentation and publication at the Intelligent Transportation Society of America Fifth Annual Meeting, March 1995. 22Blewett et al., 'The Albuquerque Traffic Monitoring System: Beyond Traffic Data Collection Standards", presented at the Fourth National Conference on Transportation Planning Methods Applications, 1993.
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Case Study - The Albuquerque traffic monitoring system uses GIS to limit data collection mistakes and redundancy. Each location selected as a traffic monitoring site is randomly selected each month.
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