Bus Operator Workstation Evaluation and Design Guidelines Final Report (1997) / Chapter Skim
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Chapter 4. Conclusions
Chapter 4. Conclusions
Pages 133-166
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From page 133... ...
supports will have to be strong for sufficient durability such that they can withstand the vibration levels found on a typical transit bus route. During the development of the workstation design guidelines, attention has been paid to these issues.
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From page 134... ...
1379.00 steering wheel 170.00 LIP wood and Al sheet already accounted for above (left instrument panel) 4 clamps 29.76 18 1/4x2 grade 8 bolts 2.62 fabrication time 1 day installation plus 16 holes 145.60 sunrise sign system 1 sign 600.00 seat upgrade 600.00 hands-free communication mic and power 175.00 set up time, rigging, layout, etc.
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From page 135... ...
In this particular study, it was the retrofitting of a standard bus with an ergonomic bus operator's workstation, i.e., the material and labor costs (perhaps, also, increased maintenance costs) for acquiring and installing the necessary components such as an ergonomic seat, a threedegree-of-freedom steering column, and so on.
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From page 136... ...
515x 1,000 Direct costs - CTTRANSTT expended a total of $87,000 ($42,000 in direct medical costs and $45,000 in Workers Compensation costs) for these 32 injuries for an average cost of $2,718.
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From page 137... ...
Only direct costs are utilized. There are many indirect costs such as lost time, need for replacement operators, training costs for replacement operators, etc.
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steering wheel hanging pedals tilt-telescoping steering column (minimum requirement) , (tilt-telescoping-tilt ideal)
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From page 139... ...
. Figure 4.2: Center Instrument Panel - 4.7
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~ ,-., ? ~4 _ _ Figure 4.3: Hanging Pedals Figure 4.4: Prototype Workstation - 4.8 r.~.
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From page 141... ...
Also, Table locations listed in Table 4.2. 4.4 details all of the design specifications necessary for the workstation.
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From page 142... ...
If the pedal plate pivots about the pedal arm, then the reference point is to be located at the pivot location projected normal onto the pedal plate surface. LIPRP Left instrument Pane!
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From page 143... ...
accelerator pedal actuation force PA21 31.2 ~ 40 N accelerator pedal recove~ force PA22 .~ i Left left instrument panel horizontal angle IL5 5 deg. Instrument left instrument panel horizontal adjustment range IL6 9.9 cm Panel left instrument panel vertical adjustment range IL7 4.0 cm lateral distance of NLIRP from NSRP IL8 33.0 cm horizontal distance of NLIRP from NSRP IL9 38.1 cm vertical distance of NLIRP from NSRP IL10 12.9 cm Right right instrument panel horizontal angle IR5 30 deg.
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From page 145... ...
l ; ~ srcta Crew HIP wad ~ =i ~ | 1~-~1 ~1 /~ ~ I Iffy 1'1 Elm ~ X ~p-5 1 ~:~W = Figure 4.6: Specifications, Side View CLIP and RIP not Shown)
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From page 146... ...
1 Sit ~ 'MU ~ - ~ ~ 1 I ~PRP_~; I | R"P_50 1 , | L^P_SU if L [I fl 1 ~ X cow Sdru Lit B~ ~ |L~_~ | -- L] PRP-5 I :~ Figure 4.7: Specifications, Side View (Steering Wheel Not Shown)
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From page 147... ...
The steering wheel diameter will be 457 mm. The left instrument panel is to contain the secondary controls or controls that are used during the predriving tasks.
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From page 148... ...
The functions that can be accomplished through the digital assistant include: present the bus route schedule, control the farebox, automatic counting and categorization of the fares if used in conjunction with a card reading farebox or manually inventorying of the passengers when using a traditional farebox, print transfer tickets, monitor the gas mileage, change the destination sign, and in the future, possibly link with inertial navigation system for real time location of buses, and planning of proper routing to avoid delays. The data collected by this digital assistant can be easily downloaded at the end of the work day to a "home base" computer for analysis.
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From page 149... ...
Relative to the workstation origin, the Accelerator Pedal Reference Point (APPRP) will be located laterally to the right by 21.8 cm, forward by 86.4 cm and 9 cm above the operator's platform.
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From page 150... ...
The design scope of a bus operator workstation was identified by choosing a design datum point, setting design criteria focused on the workstation design, defining static and dynamic bus driving postures, and establishing hierarchies of design and anthropometric variables. Next, the relevant design and anthropometric variables were determined, and relationships between them were established.
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From page 151... ...
Steering wheel telescope (cm) Left instrument panel fore-aft (cm)
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From page 152... ...
The simulation considered the 5th percentile female, the 50th percentile and the 95th percentile male. Based on this simulation, adjustment ranges of the components were refined.
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From page 153... ...
Twenty-four transit bus operators participated in the evaluation of the standard bus and prototype bus workstations with six aspects: visibility, postural comfort, reach, adjustability, ease of ingress/egress, and ride quality. Three stature groups were defined for analyses: small (the 5tt percentile female through the 15th percentile female)
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From page 154... ...
Also it was identified that the prototype improved the shoulder and elbow flexion angles by providing a steering column telescope-tilt mechanism and an 18 inch diameter steering wheel for the operators. Also the hanging pedals contributed to the efficiency of pedal actuation allowing more comfortable ankle angles and movements of the right heel point on the floor.
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From page 155... ...
grip forces of all the operators during prototype testing were less than ~ 0% of each individual's maximum grip force, which indicates that no evidence for muscle fatigue in grip exertions during prototype steering could be found. In terms of the relative proportion of maximum grip force utilized during steering the prototype workstation, there was no significant gender, stature, or transit experience effect.
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From page 156... ...
The specific prototype designed and constructed by this project was judged superior to the existing workstation by a representative jury of actual bus operators; 3) It is estimated that the additional cost to incorporate the final design guidelines of this research in new buses will be more than offset by savings in terms of reduced operator injuries and worker's compensation claims.
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From page 157... ...
This work should also identify the influence of the operator manipulating the controls on the vibration levels. in addition, the vibration levels found in a typical transit bus should be characterized.
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From page 158... ...
APTA (1977) Baseline Advanced Design Transit Coach Specifications: A Guideline Procurement Document for New 35 and 40-Foot Coach Dimensions, Washington, D.C., American Public Transit Association.
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From page 159... ...
995) Transit Bus Operator Work Station Design Synthesis and Analysis, M.S.M.E.
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From page 160... ...
(1995b) Bus Operator Workstation Evaluation and Design Guidelines: Instrument Pane!
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From page 161... ...
(1990) A Historical Survey of Transit Buses in the U.S., Warrendale, PA, Society of Automotive Engineers.
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From page 162... ...
(198S) The Effects of the Steering Wheel to Pedal Relationship on Driver-Selected Seat Position, SAE 8503 ~ I, Warrendale, PA, Society of Automotive Engineers.
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W ~ ~ 99 ~ ~ An Investigation of Driver Discomfort and related Seat Design Factors in Extended Duration Driving, SAE 910 1 ~ 7, Warrendale, PA, Society of Automotive Engineers.
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From page 164... ...
(1991) Physiological and Psychological Evaluations of Driver Fatigue During I=ong Term Driving, SAE 9101 ~ 6, Warrendale, PA, Society of Automotive Engineers.
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From page 165... ...
An Ergonomic Design Process for a Transit Bus Operator Workstation, PT] 9523, The Pennsylvania Transportation institute.
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