Bus Operator Workstation Evaluation and Design Guidelines Final Report (1997) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
C-1
C-1
Pages 281-306
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 281... ...
The functional design relationship method identified the geometric relationships between anthropometric variables and design variables, and then determined design values based on the constructed geometric relationships assuming standard bus driving postures defined within comfort angles (You et al., ~ 9951. A computer simulation can be used to verify and modify the workstation design before it is built.
|
From page 282... ...
The model has been used to perform human factors evaluations of aircraft maintenance crew stations. This three dimensional system allows a designer to simulate a maintenance activity using computer-generated imagery and to determine whether required activities are feasible for a given configuration (Armstrong Laboratory Design Technology Branch, 1 992~.
|
From page 283... ...
At the beginning of this study, three software packages such as COMBIMAN, CREW CHIEF, and JACKS were examined as a candidate for simulation. While JACKS is a stand-alone software, both of COMBIMAN and CREW CHIEF are clesigned to interact with the I DEAS Level V, a CAD software developed by Structural Dynamics Research Corporation (SDRC)
|
From page 284... ...
Determine the adjustment ranges of the workstation components (seat / steering wheel instrument panels) to accommodate 95 percent of the US adult population presented in SAE 1833, and also to provide sufficient visibility, normal reach, and comfortable driving posture for the population while performing the bus operating tasks.
|
From page 285... ...
These commands were incorporated in the menu of the simulation system so that a user can easily control the desired conditions of the environment. Figure I: Transit Bus Operator's Workstation Implemented on JACKS The simulation system provided three human models having different body dimensions: the 5th percentile female, the 50th percentile person, and the 95th percentile C-5
|
From page 286... ...
For example, during the accelerator pedal activation, the right foot of a human model is attached to the accelerator pedal plate surface, thus the motions of the knee and ankle of the right leg are controlled depending on the accelerator movement; during the simulation related to steering wheel maneuvering, the hands were constrained on the steering wheel to identify the upper-limb joint configuration While a 3-D human model is conducting each bus driving task, the bus workstation is evaluated in terms of visibility, reach, comfort, and adjustability. In order to facilitate the workstation evaluation, the simulation system generated two types of output files at the end of each bus operating task; one recorded the body joint angles of the human model, and the other recorded the selected locations of the workstation components.
|
From page 287... ...
ad. SAE Anthropometry 5 th percentile female 18.4 14.5 21.3 8.8 10 1 Thickness Width Length Thickness Width Torso Pelvis Upper Leg Lower Leg Foot with Shoes Upper Arm Lower Arm Hand Eye Coordinates Circumference Length Thickness Width Circumference Length Thickness Width Circumference Length Thickness Width Circumference Length Thickness Width Circumference Length Length Width Height Thickness Width Circumference Length Thickness Width Circumference Length Thickness Width Length Body Center Interpupillary Chin 7 4 50th percentile 1?
|
From page 288... ...
Anthropometric Data Source Source No. Survey Name Year Gender Sample Women of the Army Corps Separatees 1946 Female 7,563 Women of the Air Force Basic Trainees 1952 Female 852 Air Force Women 1968 Female 1,905 Air Force Flying Personnel - Total Series 1967 Male 2,420 Army Personnel 1988 Female 2,208 Male 1,774 Reference NASA (1978)
|
From page 289... ...
comfort, adjustability left instrument Adjust the left instrument panel horizontally and vertically based on visibility, panel (LIP) the dynamic driving posture.
|
From page 290... ...
and Execute simulations of the bus operating tasks through either an interactive mode or a batch mode.
|
From page 291... ...
of human models or w~dst~ic ~ nails ~ , 1 I Place workstation components and a human model Define kinematic constraints for each bus driving task | Construct animation and evaluation scheme for each bus driving task | Figure 2. Simulation Model Development Procedures for Bus Workstation Design The development of the simulation system was commenced by importing the geometry of the bus workstation drafted by the Silver Screens CAD package into JACKS.
|
From page 292... ...
Figure 3 illustrates the peabody description of the steering wheel grip in peabody language, and Figure 1 presents the bus workstation components implemented on JACKS. While retrofitting the workstation drawing files on JACKS environment, three human models were created by using the SAL anthropometry.
|
From page 293... ...
Peabody Description of Steering Wheel Grip Since there are numerous possible movements for a human mode} to accomplish a task without restrictions on the behavior of the body segments, kinematic constraints were defined to make the human behave realistically. These constraints were specified on the human body segments for each bus operating task.
|
From page 294... ...
Simulation Procedure The ultimate goal of the computer simulation was to produce an ergonomic workstation design which providing sufficient visibility, normal reach, and comfortable driving posture for the intended bus operator population. For the workstation design it was required to determine the adjustable ranges and reference point locations of the workstation components in the 3-D workstation space.
|
From page 295... ...
| Read the bus operator's workstation | rRead a 3-D human model 1 1 l | Place workstation components and a human model | ~1 1 , ~ workstation ) | Adjust components and Simulate bus driving tasks | ~ 1 visibility, reach, comfort, adjustability | 1 | Determine optimal workstation dimensions | Figure 4: Simulation Steps Leading to an Ergonomic Workstation Design C-15
|
From page 296... ...
+ t 30°, 45° ] FTP (front instrument panel)
|
From page 297... ...
Side View Visibility Cones Plan View isometric View _ W
|
From page 298... ...
| steel ing wheel, controls on FTP, RIP, and LIP pedals, floor mounted signals None below controls on RIP and LIP normal reach area None above controls on RIP and LIP, normal reach area pedals, floor mounted signals 2 Blocked normal reach area none Blocked out of none normal reach area 3.2.3 Comfort (C) The magnitude of comfort in a bus workstation can be assessed on the basis of the standard driving posture determined during the workstation design process.
|
From page 299... ...
Reach Cones Front View Zone 3 Plain View Isometric View C-19 .~ ~T,
|
From page 300... ...
k=} k=! where Al: adjustability for driving task i in the workstation, V jk: visibility of population group k for driving task i in the workstation, Rik: reach of population group k for driving task i in the workstation, and C jk: comfort of population group k for driving task i in the workstation.
|
From page 301... ...
Simulation Results Population Group 5 th percentile Female 50 th Percentile column tilt 5 O O a . telescope -5.5 cm 0 cm .
|
From page 302... ...
model execution in an interactive mode or a batch mode. The SAE anthropometry data were utilized to generate three different size human models (Sth percentile female, 50th percentile, 95th percentile male)
|
From page 303... ...
Also, animation of the bus operating tasks facilitated the evaluation of the workstation in dynamic situations. Table 5: Adjustment ranges of workstation components tested in simulation Design Variable Adjustment Range Seat Horizontal 18.5 cm (7.3 in.)
|
From page 304... ...
(~1995) Bus Operator Workstation Evaluation and Design Guidelines: Workstation Mock-up Evaluation Report, PTI 9521, The Pennsylvania Transportation Institute.
|
From page 305... ...
(1995) Bus Operator Workstation Evaluation and Design Guidelines: An Ergonomic Design Process for a Transit Bus Operator Workstation, PTI 9523, The Pennsylvania Transportation Institute.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.