Military Strategies for Sustainment of Nutrition and Immune Function in the Field (1999) / Chapter Skim
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13 Vitamin E, Vitamin C, and Immune Response: Recent Advances
13 Vitamin E, Vitamin C, and Immune Response: Recent Advances
Pages 289-304
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From page 289... ...
are known chemically as antioxidants; they prevent propagation of the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids by Capping peroxyl Dee radicals (NRC, 1989~. Vitamin E is found in cellular membranes of animal tissues, associated with polyunsaturated fatty acids in phospholipids.
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From page 290... ...
response, T-cell proliferative response to mitogen stimulation, and the proportion of T-cell subsets with naive cell surface markers (Makinodan, 1995~. However, other immune parameters frequently increase with age, including variability in immune responses among individuals, production of autoantibodies, production of monoclonal immunoglobulins, and the proportion of T-cell subsets with memory membrane markers (Makinodan, 1995~.
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From page 291... ...
Fasting blood samples were collected before and after 1 and 4.5 months of supplementation, and mitogenic response, cytokine production, lymphocyte subpopulations, and biochemical indexes were measured. In addition, DTH and antibody response to vaccination were also measured as in vivo indices of immune response.
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From page 292... ...
. The findings of this study suggest that supplementation with antioxidant nutrients can improve cell-mediated immune parameters among elderly long-stay patients; however, the study design prevents the independent effects of each of the nutrients from being determined.
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From page 293... ...
Therefore, if vitamins E or C are protective against cancer, this effect may be due to their consumption in whole foods, where they are combined with other nutrients or bioactive compounds that together provide a protective effect against cancer. The most prudent approach seems to be one of increasing fruit and vegetable consumption in the diet, thus maximizing the potential benefits of antioxidant nutrients in terms of cancer prevention.
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From page 294... ...
in serum (Pace and Leaf, 19959. This oxidative stress may contribute to various aspects of immune dysfunction in HIV disease pathogenesis, including viral replication, inflammation, decreased immune cell proliferation, loss of immune function, and apoptosis (Pace and Leaf, 1995~.
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ASTHMA AND LUNG FUNCTION It is possible that antioxidant defenses are of particular importance in the lung since a naturally high exposure to oxygen may be further increased by oxidative processes during inflammation and inhalation of oxidant air pollutants (Burney, 1995~. Such damage could lead to permanent loss of lung function over time.
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From page 296... ...
Intense or exhaustive exercise in untrained individuals is more likely to result in oxidative damage, which is more likely to be detected in muscle samples than blood (Wits et al., 1992~. Furthermore, if oxidative stress is great enough to overcome antioxidant defense systems in the body, then oxidative damage will inevitably occur (Wits et al., 1992~.
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From page 297... ...
has also been shown to reduce the incidence of upper respiratory tract infections in ultramarathon runners compared with subjects taking a placebo (Peters et al., 1993~. In summary, there is considerable evidence regarding the benefits of vitamin E and C supplementation in terms of reducing oxidative stress and/or damage during exercise.
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From page 298... ...
1980. The effects of increasing weekly doses of ascorbate on certain cellular and humoral immune function in volunteers.
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1988. Antioxidant defenses and lipid peroxidation in human blood plasma.
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1995. Elevated IgE level in relationship to nutritional status and immune parameters in early human immunodeficiency virus-1 disease.
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We are talking about studying healthy people who have potentially subclinical deficits in function as opposed to more severe kinds of deficits in function associated with severe illness. I did want to ask you a question, too.
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If you are already producing substantial amounts of energy, then you have a very serious concern. SIMIN NIKBIN MEYDANI: I think that is a very good point.
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Have you looked at FoS3 or APT? SIMIN NIKBIN MEYDANI: Not yet, but as part of looking at the mechanism, that is something we will be looking at.
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