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From page 425... ... Index A Abscisic acid, 381, 382, 384, 389 Acanthamaeba, 114 Acclimation, 369-370, 397 Acetolactate synthase, 398 Acetylcholine (ACh) neurotransmitter, 125,127,132, 184-186 receptor, 61, 62, 124,125, 127, 178, 182, 184, 185, 253 Acetylcholinesterase, 185 Acid precipitation, 3, 303, 314, 319 Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) Read the entire page →
From page 426... ... tumefaciens, 9, 25-26, 380,382, 390-392 Airbome sensors, 315 Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Ad ministration, 407 Alcohol use, 336 Aleurone system, 382, 383 Alfalfa, 380 Alfalfa mosaic virus, 393, 394 Algae, 365, 366 Alkaline phosphatase, 267 Alkaloids, 277 Allelopathic phenomena, 294 Allergies, 324-326 Allopurinol, 334 Alnus, 380 Alpha helices, 42, 54, 61-62,75,182 Alzheimer's disease, 2, 17, 219, 344, 347 Amantadine, 351 Amazon characoid fishes, 275-276 Amino acids, 21, 40, 105 derivatives, 121 feed additives, 363 neurotransmitter, 186 c-Aminobutyric acid, 124 y-Aminobutync acid (GABA) , 186 Amish community, 347 Ammonia, 146, 369, 377 Amnesia, 200, 212 Amoebas, 79 Amphetamines, 220 Amphibians, 79, 93, 158, 167, 191, 194 Amphiphiles, 66 a-Amylase, 382 Amyloid beta protein precursor gene, 347 Amyloid polyneuropathy, 348 Amyloplasts, 134, 374 Anabaena, 378 Analytical chemistry, 293, 315 Anaphylatoxins, 241 Anaphylaxis, 243, 255, 325, 326 Androgenetic embryos, 145 Anemia, 104 Anesthetics, 127 INDEX Angina, 357 Angiotensin-converting enzyme, 56 Angle bending, 73 Animals disease models, 26 DNA repair and mutagenesis, 97, 98 ecological studies, 289 gene expression, 101-102 livestock husbandry, 27, 311, 323, 359 364, 413 natural toxins, 126, 289 pheromones, 293 RNA splicing, 101 transgenic studies, 23-27, 103 vision studies, 198, 204-205 see also specif c species Ankylosing spondylitis, 335 Ant evolution, 280 Antennapedia genes, 155 Anthocyanins, 380 Antiarrhythmics, 127 Antibiotics bacterial destruction of, 56 bacterial resistance to, 261, 263 magainins, 16, 17 molecular structure, 4 plant-made, 138 Antibodies, see Immune system and infectious diseases Antibody probes, 7, 114, 115, 188; see also Monoclonal antibody technique Anticoagulants, 27, 68,357-358 Antidepressant drugs, 222 Antifreeze proteins, 289 Antigens, see Immune system and infectious diseases Anti-idiotypic antibodies, 350 Antipsychotics, 127 Antisense RNA, 158 Antiviral compounds, 56, 64, 102, 348-349, 351-352 Aplysia, 128, 179 Apo A, 333 Apo B-100, 333 Apolipoproteins, 329, 330, 333 Aquaria, 421 Aquatic life, see Oceanic environment Arabidopsis, 171, 375 Arabidopsis th~liana, 385, 397, 398 Arachidonic acid, 187, 324, 325 Archaebacteria, 263 Arginine-glycine-aspartic acid, 118, 163 Read the entire page →
From page 427... ... , 326-328 Atriopeptigen, 326 Atriopeptin, 326-328 Attention studies, 8, 204, 212-213 Autecology, 288-290 Autocrine hormones, 123 Autonomic neurons, 160 Autoradiography, 191, 327 Auxins, 172, 381-384, 391, 399 Averaging methods, 65 Axons, 111, 160, 176, 178, 180, 187, 194 Axoplasmic transport, 7, 33, 188-189, 250 Azidothymidine (AZT) , 242 B B lymphocytes, 27, 225; see also hnmune system and infectious diseases Babirusa, 364 Bacillus thu~ingiensis, 392 Bacteremia, 250, see also Immune system and infectious diseases Bacteria 427 RNA transcription, 99 symbiotic relationships, 138 virulence factors, 245 Bacterial viruses, 95, 96 Bacteriophage genomes, 89 Bacteriophage �~-174, 89 Bacteriorhodopsin, 61 Baker's yeast, 148 Basement membrane, 117, 118, 121 BasoEhils, 241, 243 Behavior, see Nervous system and behavior Bending mechanism, 57 Biocatalysis, 352 Biochemical process industry, 352-359, 417 Biochemistry, 85, 352 Biogenesis mitochondria, 79, 108-111 photosynthetic apparatus, 136 Biogenic amides, 200, 222 Biogeography, 277, 308-309, 319 Biological Research Resources program, 285, 420 Biological response modifiers, 342 Biological sciences antibiotic resistance, 261, 263 characteristics, 77 deep-sea environment, 303, 310 DNA repair and mutagenesis, 97 evolutionary studies, 263, 268, 281-282 gene expression, 153 genetic engineering, 317 genomes, 89 nitrogen location, 135, 366, 377-381 photosynthesis role, 365 protein traffic regulation, 107 RNA splicing, 101 research needs and opportunities, 1-3 synergistic interactions, 3-4, 15-18, 37-38 Biomechanics, 271, 274 Bioreactors, 354 Biosphere, 304 Biotechnology definition, 413 funding, 418 industry goals, 2, 352-359 industry profile, 413-414 microbial ecology, 16-17, 317, 322 plant biology, 397 vaccine development, 350 see also Genetic engineering; Transgenic organisms Biparental androgenomes, 145 Biparental gynogenomes, 145 Bipolar (manic-depressive) Read the entire page →
From page 428... ... 428 Blue-green algae, 365 Blue-light photoreceptor, 384, 385 Bond stretching, 73 Bone fractures, 357 Bone marrow, 147, 224, 338, 342-343 Bone tissue, 117, 118 Bordatella pertussis, 131 Borrelia burgdorferi 335 Botanical gardens, 284, 421 Botulism, 132 Bradyrhizabium, 378 Brain cells, 112, 117, 175; see also Nervous system and behavior Brassica, 387 Brassicaceae, 398 Breast cancer, 339 Breeding population, 299, 311-312 Breeding structure, 299 Bronchospasm, 255 Bryophytes, 170 a-Bungarotoxin, 185 Burkitt's lymphoma, 43, 340, 351 Butterflies, 293 C C-fos proto-oncogenes, 232 C-myc oncogenes, 341 C-myc proto oncogenes, 230,340 Cabbage, 387 Caenorhabditis elegans, 46, 179, 192 Cajel, see Ramon y Cajal Calcium channels, 116, 125, 127, 128, 199 Calcium ions activation role, l 14, 129, 145-146,200, 243 second messenger, 5, 124, 132, 185-187 Calcium phosphate, 118 Califomia red scale, 291 Callose, 138 Cancer, 2, 17 causes and nature, 5, 336-337, 344 colon, 344 control, 339-340 gene expression, 102-104 HIV infection, 349 mechanisms, 93, 100, 118, 122-123 natural killer cells, 238-239 oncogenes, 71, 133-134, 252, 340-341 therapies, 56, 126, 239, 257, 337-339, 342-344 viral agents, 340 INDEX Cells Candidate gene strategy, 345, 347 Capacitation, 144-145 Captopril, 56 Carbohydrates molecular structure, 4,39,40,42 protein modification, 45 research areas, 49-51, 58 Carbon dioxide, 3, 313, 314 Carbon isotope ratios, 316, 317 Carbonic anhydrase, 316 2'-Ca~bo~cyarabinitol-l-phosphate, 373 Carcinogen exposure, 336 Cardiac disorders, 324 Cardiovascular disease, 5, 17, 324, 328-334 Cardiovascular function, 325, 326 Caltilage, 117 CAT scanning, 180, 221 Cat studies, 198, 203 Catalysis, 372, 379 Catalytic RNAs, 58, 101 Catastrophic events, 305 Catecholamines, 186 Ceanothus, 380 Cell-adhesion molecules (CAMs) , 6, 141, 159-164, 192-193 Cell culture techniques, 55, 356 Cell-surface molecules, 49, 161-162, 192-193, 233 Cell-surface receptors communication mechanism, 5, 70-71, 107, 120, 123-124, 141, 164 growth-factor receptors, 150-151 HIV receptor, 233 microbial infection, 252 structure and composition, 61-62, 246 cytoplasm structure and function, 101 108 death, 151 differentiation, 141 division, 108, 118-120, 146-152 elastic properties, 34 extracellular matrix, 117-118 fundamental biological unit, 4, 77-78 fusion, 108, 352 growth, 56, 146-152 junctions, 62, 120, 121, 141, 162 membrane, see Plasma membrane mitochondrial function and biogenesis, 108-111 motility, 5, 6, 111, 113-115, 132, 159-164 nucleus, 79-84 Read the entire page →
From page 429... ... INDEX oncogene influence, 133-134 plant cells, see Plant biology and agriculture regulation, see Signaling processes structure, 111-112 Cellular biology biomechanics applications, 274 research opportunities, 4-5, 18, 323 research strategies, 78-79, 141 Cellulose microfibrils, 172-174, 369 Cellulose synthesis, 138, 173-174 Cenozoic epoch, 280 Centrifuges, 414 Centrioles, 119 Centromeres, 83, 119, 120 Centrosomes, 112, 115, 146 Cerebellum, 208, 211 Cerebral cortex, 196 Cerebral infarction, 328 Chaotic behavior, 320 Characoid fish, 275-276 Character disorder, 220 Cheetahs, 311 Chemical ecology, 16, 292-295 Chemical industry, 413 Chemical synthesis, 4, 28, 30, 71, 75 Chemoaffinity hypothesis, 194 Chemoattractants, 115 Chemosynthetic bacteria, 303 Chemotactic molecules, 146 Chemotherapy, 338, 339, 342-343 Chick studies, 79, 191, 198 Chickens, 340, 362 Chimeric proteins, 69-71 Chinese hogs, 361,364 Chlamydomonas, 79, 135 Chlorine, 243 Chlorofluorocarbons, 305 Chlorophyll, 135, 373 Chlorophyta, 366 Chloroplasts, 106, 107, 134-137, 375 Cholera, 131, 350 Cholesterol egg content, 362 derivatives, 121 regulation, 71, 324, 328-334 Cholinergic neurons, 195 Chromatin, 81-82, 99, 144, 153 Chromatography, 315, 324, 356 Chromophores, 384 Chromosomes, 80-84, 92-93, 119-120, 146148 429 Chylomicrons, 329 Cicadas, 290 Cichlid evolution, 275-276, 281 Cigarette smoking, 330, 332,339 Cilia, 113, 119 Cimetidine, 324 Circadian rhythms, 151, 202 Circular dichroism, 372 Citrus fruit pests, 291 Clean studies, 149, 159 Clathrin, 60, 116 Climatic charge, 3, 282,305, 3a7,313-314 Clonal analysts, 1 genetic diseases, 345-348 nervous system, 179, 185, 188, 193 pathogenesis, 249, 256 plant development, 170 Clonal selection theory, 225 Clover roots, 247 Coastal-zone color scanner, 314 Coat protein, 394, 397 Coated pits, 69, 116 Cobra toxin, 126 Cocaine, 127 Coding regions, 99 Cognition, 7, 8, 177, 198-201, 210-214 Coleochaete, 366 Collagens, 117, 118, 121, 163 Colon cancer, 344 Colony formation, 120 Colony-stimulating factors, 167, 335, 342 Color blindness, 201 Combinatonal algorithms, 74 Comma cold virus, 64 Communicating junctions, 162 Communication mechanisms, see Signaling processes Communication strategies, 10, 217-219, 295, 296 Community ecology, 288, 301-305 Comparative psychology, 295 Competitive Research Grants Office, 419 Complement system, 241, 244, 258, 343 Computer-aided light microscopy, 65 Computerized axial tomography (CAT scanning) , 180, 221 Computers and data anaylsis artificial intelligence, 8, 178, 208 biotechnology applications, 356 canputer vision, 205 general applications, 4, 36-37 Read the entire page →
From page 430... ... Ins Romeos, 1 13,4= . m^~ar Isles, ~ sodas, 11, 397 pit Edit As, 76 ms~_s, 415 =~= dam, 37, as, 76, _g, 199-2W, 211, 213 e sit it, 126 C^~ city, 73~4 Ate dssue, 117-118, 1~ I, ~8 Sits =~~s~ By) Read the entire page →
From page 431... ... folding and bending, 57, 81-82 methylation, 101-102 mitochondrial DNA, 109 molecular stnacture, 1, 41, 56-57, 71 noncoding, 88 repair and mutagenesis, 96-98 replication, 90-93, 119, 146 synthesis, 31 see also Recombinant DNA techniques DNA-cutting enzymes, 21 DNA helicase, 92 DNAjoining enzymes, 21 DNA polymerase I, 30 DNA polymerase m, 90, 91 DNA sequencing data accumulation, 18, 28, 37, 43, 76, 420 evolutionary studies, 9, 263-267 genetics applications, 85, 135 methods, 30-31 research goals and strategies, 46-49 DNA topoisomerase II, 82 Domains, 69,72, 82, 99, 182 Dopadecarboxylase mutant, 200 Dopanune, 186, 200, 209, 220-222, 347 Dormancy, 385 431 Double helices, 42 Down's syndrome, 94 Drosophila studies developmental biology, 6, 141, 144, 151156 evolutionary biology, 268, 281 genetics, 46, 94, 102 nervous system, 179, 190, 200 Drought tolerance, 18 Drug develoEnnent, see Medicine and disease treatment Duehenne's muscular dystrophy, 104, 344346 Duffy antigen, 249 Dunce mutation, 200 Dwarfism, 356-357 Dye studies, 139 Dynamical systems theory, 319 Dynein, 113-114, 189 Dyslexia, 8, 214 Dystonia, 207 EEcology and ecosystems, 287-322 adaptation to environmental vanation, 288-290, 36~370 agroecosystems, 292 behavioral ecology, 214-219, 271-272, 295-297, 299-301 biomechanics applications, 274 chemical ecology, 16, 292-295 community ecology, 301-305 conservation ecology, 18, 307-312 ecological problems, 287-288, 305-314 funding, 418419 genetic ecology, 298-301 global climate change, 3, 313-314 industry profile, 413 mathematical models, 10, 317-321 microbial ecology, 303 natural disasters, 305, 306 population regulation, 290-291 research opportunities, 3, 321-322 study focus, 10-11, 287 technological advances, 16-17, 314-317 training needs, 410, 411 Ecophysiology, 315 Ectoderm, 190 Education and training, 12, 284, 405-412 Effector nerve cells, 181 Egg cells, 80, 141-146 Read the entire page →
From page 432... ... , 48 Evolutionary biology, 260-286 adaptation, 270-271 behavioral ecology, 214-219, 271-273, 299-301 biomechanics, 274 contemporary research, 283-286 evolutionary processes, 9, 265-270 functional morphology, 273, 275 genetic ecology, 298-301 number and distribution of species, 9-10, 276, 307-308 paleobiology, 279-283 research opportunities, 263-265 resistance mechanism, 260-263 systematics, 9-10, 274, 276-279, 283-285 training needs, 411-412 Excitatory postsynaptic potental, 181 Exocytosis, 79, 107, 186 Exons, 53, 58, 69, 267 Extensin, 137-139 Extemal cues, 141-142, 152 Extinction, see Species extinction Extracellular matri~c animals, 117-118 cell proliferation control by, 150-151 cell-to-cell communication, 12~121 growth factor control of, 150 morphogenesis role of, 163-164 osteoarthritis, 336 plants, 5, 137-139 Read the entire page →
From page 433... ... INDEX E,ctrastriate cortex, 203 Eye movements, 208, 213 Eyeblink response, 211 F Fabaceae, 377-380 Fast-atom-bombardment mass spectrcxnetry, 49 Fatty acid deficiency, 325-326 Fatty acylation, 70 Feed additives, 363 Feedback control, 148, 151, 208 Fermentation process, 78 Ferns, 170 Ferrodoxin-thioredoxin system, 373 Fertility, 24-25 Fertilization, 141, 142, 144-146 Fibrin, 333, 357 Fibrinogen, 333 Fibroblast growth factor, 150, 195 Fibroblasts, 117, 122, 147, 167 Fibronectin, 118, 163, 248 Filamentous complexes, 60 Filopodia, 194 Fimbriae, 246 First Awards Program, 417 Fission yeast, 148 Fish studies, 165 ecological studies, 289, 290, 300, 317 evolutionary biology, 275-276, 281 nervous system, 178, 194 Fisheries management, 291, 319 Flagella, 113, 119 Flagellates, 248 Flash fluorescence, 374 Flavonoids, 380 Flightless ratite birds, 277 Florigen, 389 Flow cytometry, 3-4, 31-32 Flow-sheet simulation techniques, 356 Fluorescence-activated cell sorting, 31-32 Fluorescence microscopy, 7, 33-34, 115, 188, 314-315 Fly studies, 269, 298 Folding DNA, 57, 81-82 plants, 373 proteins, 4, 37, 45, 51-53, 70-76, 267 Food additives, 413 Food and Drug Administration, 350, 357 Food production, 366 433 Foot-and-mouth disease, 362, 363 Foraging behavior, 10, 295, 297 Forests, 305, 314-315, 319, 321; see also Tropical forests Fossil fuel combustion, 313 Fossil record, 264, 279-283 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 372 FranlEa, 366, 379 French beans, 389 Frog studies developmental biology, 141, 148, 149, 152, 166 frog skin antibiotics, 16, 17 natural toxin, 126 Frontal lobes, 214 Frost damage, 369-370, 397 Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate, 374 Fruitflies, 79; see also Drosophila studies Funding, 13, 47, 76, 284, 405, 407408, 416422 F ung1 mycorrhizal fungi, 366, 367 pathogenesis, 250, 254 RNA splicing, 101, 109 weed control, 393 see also Yeast studies G Game theory, 215, 301 Gametes, 141 Gametogenesis, 142-146 Gametophytes, 170 Ganglia, 191, 195 Gap junctions, 62, 120, 121, 168 Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, 315, 324 Gastrula, 159 Gastrulation, 160, 163, 190 Gating process, 182-183 Gel electrophoresis, 30, 57 GenBank, 48 Gene diagnosis, 346 Gene expression, 179, 258, 362 mechanism, 57-58, 68, 98-103, 153-159 plants, 134-136 research areas, 6, 80, 109, 141 Gene library, 87 Gene mapping, 103-104, 135, 344-345 Gene therapy, 24-25, 347-348 Gene transfers, 23, 102-103 Genealogy, 278 Read the entire page →
From page 434... ... , 124, 130, 133, 187 Guinea pigs, 247 Guthrie, Woody, 220 Gynogenetic embryos, 145 Gypsy moths, 11, 290 H Habitat loss, 18, 277, 307, 308 Habitat selection, 296-297 Habituation, 199, 213 Halobacterium halobiwn, 61 Haploid spores, 170 Haptens, 55 Hare populations, 290 Hazardous waste disposal, 352 Health care, see Medicine and disease treatment Heart attack (myocardial infarction) , 5, 326, 328, 357 Heart muscle, 121, 128 Heavy-metal tolerance, 263 Helices, 42 Helminths, 244, 255 Helper T cells, 234, 235, 240 Hematopoietic system, 168 Read the entire page →
From page 435... ... , 227-229,389 inflammation and phagocytosis, 241-244 injury mediation, 254-255, 257 livestock, 362 overview and conclusions, 8-9, 258-259 pathogenesis mechanism, 245-252, 256, 258 pathogenic microorganisms, 244 regulation of immune response, 240 Read the entire page →
From page 436... ... , S 129, 130, 132, 146 Insecticide resistance, 260-263, 289 Insects ecological studies, 296 pheromones, 293-294 plant defenses, 289, 294 plant productivity decrease, 368 plant resistance, 392-393 social behavior, 216, 218, 296 species diversity, 309 see also specific insects Instinctive behavior, 179 Instrumentation biotechnology use, 356 DNA and protein sequencing, 28, 30-31 folding problem applications, 75 general applications, 1, 34 needs and costs, 13, 414-415, 417 INDEX structural biology needs, 76 see also specify c instrumentation and techniques Insulin, 27, 100, 122, 167, 358 Insulin receptor, 70, 124 Insu~inlike growth factor, 150, 360 Intercalation, 166-167 Interdemic selection, 271 Interferons clinical applications, 239, 363 commercial production, 27, 68, 358 mode of action, 232, 255, 342 research areas, 102, 353 Interleukins aL) Read the entire page →
From page 437... ... INDEX: L Laboratory needs, 12-13, 66, 414-415 a-Lactalbumin, 362 p-Lactamase, 56 Lactation, 362 Lactoglobulin, 364 Lactose, 362 Lambda bacterial virus, 95, 96 Lamina, 81 l~minin, 118, 163 Lamins, 81 Lampbrush chromosomes, 82 Landscape ecology, 319 Language, 8, 197 Laser technologies, 314, 315 Leaming and memory, 7, 8, 11, 177, 198-201, 210-214, 296 Lectins, 50, 162, 246-249 Leeches, 165, 179, 296 Leghemoglobin, 379 Legumes, 377-380 Leishmaniasis, 243 Lemming populations, 290 Lens action, 52 Lethality, 158 Leucaena, 378 Leucocytes, 241, 255 Leukemia, 238, ~39, 338-342, 344 Leukotrienes, 324-326, 335 Life history, 217, 264, 272, 290, 299-301 Life-span determinations, 6, 167-169 Ligands, 122-124, 133, 267 Iigases, 21 Ligation, 101 Light detection, 45 Light effects, 171 Light microscopy, 7, 32-34, 188, 189 Lignin synthesis, 138 Limbic system, 212 Linear dichroism, 372 Linguistic studies, 278 Linnaeus, Carolus, 276 Lipid-layer crystallization, 65 Lipids cell membranes, 53, 66, 1 15, 116 fertilization role, 145-146 metabolizes, 335 molecular structure, 4, 39, 40 synthesis, 105 Lipooxygenase pathway, 325, 326 Lipoproteins, 328-334 437 Lipoteichoic acid, 248 Liquid chromatography, 315, 324 Liquid scintillation counters, 414415 lithium, 223 liver cancer, 340 liver function, 130, 132, 247, 250, 356, 395396 Liver tissue, 117,147, 168 liverwort genome, 135 livestock husbandry, 27, 311, 323, 359-364 Loliwn perenne, 401 Loop-domain model, 82 I~ops, 82 Los Alamos National Laboratory, 48 Lovostatin, 324 Low-light~ose microscopy, 33-34 Low-protein media, 356 Lung cancer, 339-340 Lung tissue, 121 Lupus (glomemlonephritis) , 248, 325-326 Luteolin, 380 Lyme disease, 335-336 Lymphatic system, 224, 249-250 Lymphocytes, 117, 224-225, 341; see also Immune system and infectious diseases Lymphoid tissues, 224 Lymphokines, 68, 133, 169, 233, 238 Lymphomas, 338, 339, 341, 349 Lymphotoxin, 335, 342 Lynx populations, 290 Lysosomes, 106, 107, 243, 255 -Lysine, 363 M M phase, 146 Macromolecules, 4, 39, 263-264 Macrophages, 114, 167, 224, 241-243, 255, 332 Magainins, 17 Magnetic resonance spectroscopy, 4, 35-36, 180, 221 Magnetoencephalography, 180 Maize (cam) Read the entire page →
From page 438... ... , 57, 99101, 154, 158, 159 translation into protein, 80, 87, 105, 106 Metabolic labeling, 49 Metamorphosis, 167 Meteorite collisions, 281 INDEX Methane, 3, 303,310, 314 Methionine, 363 Methyl-a-D-mannoside, 246 Methylation, 101-102, 144 a-Methyldopa, 222 Mevacor, 324 Mice developmental biology, 145, 156, 168 drug studies, 325 helper T cells, 240 lymphomas, 341 mouse genome, 46, 276 pheromones, 293 transgenic studies, 23-25, 347, 348 viral studies, 252 Microbial ecology, 303, 317, 322 Microbial pathogenesis, see Immune system and infectious diseases Microbiology, 263, 352, 404 Microchemical techniques, 3, 28, 30-31 Microelectrodes, 184, 315 Microfibrils, 172-174, 369 Microfossils, 284 p-Microglobulin, 234 Microinjection, 7, 188, 347 Micropipettes, 178 Microscopy, 4, 32-35, 188 Microtopography, 310 Microtubule-dynein system, 113-114, 189 Microtubules, 141 assembly, 60, 67 atonal transport, 188-189 cell division, 119 cell motility, 65, 113 cell structure, I I 1 -112 mitotic movement, 83, 115 plant growth, 173-174 Milk yield, 361, 362 Minichromosomes, 83-84 Minority groups, degree activity, 12, 409 Mitochondna, 5, 70, 79, 106-111, 134, 279, 386, 389-390 Mitogens, 122 Mitosis, 80, 82, 83, 108, 114, 118-120, 14 148 Mitotic spindle, 119, 120 Models behavioral ecology, 215, 297 cognition studies, 210-211 ecological studies, 10, 303-304, 317-321 evolutionary studies, 10, 264, 269, 271, 278 Read the entire page →
From page 439... ... INDEX Molecular archeology, 44 Molecular assemblies, 4, 50, 60-67 Molecular biology animal agriculture, 359, 362-363 developmental biology studies, 141 ecological studies, 289 evolutionary biology, 9, 263-265, 272, 279 medical research, 323 microbial ecology studies, 16-17, 317 patent activity, 404 plant studies, 383, 397 structural biology applications, 59 training needs, 410411 Molecular dynamics, 74 Molecular genetics evolutionary ecology, 298-299 immune system studies, 341 nervous system studies, 8, 219-220, 347 plant studies, 376, 397, 398 research applications, 21, 85 Molecular structure and function, see Structural biology Mollusks, 282, 317 Molybdenum-iron cofactor, 377, 379 Monkey studies, 198, 203, 204, 213, 214, 332 Monoclonal antibody technique cell studies, 139, 164 immune system applications, 228-229, 231, 257, 343, 363 mechanism, 27-28 nervous system studies, 184, 192, 203 plant studies, 139 research tool, 1-3, 5, 31, 354 virus studies, 64 Monocultures, 285-286 Monocytes, 243 Mononucleosis, 43 Morphogenesis, 27; see also Developmental biology Morphogens, 6, 166, 167 Morphology, 264, 271, 273, 275 Mortality schedules, 299 Mosaic development, 151 Mosquitoes, 261, 277 Moths, 11, 290, 291, 293 Motility, 5, 111-115, 132, 159-164 Motor control, 7-8, 177, 179, 198, 205-209 Motor proteins, 113-114 MPTP, 209 Mu bacterial virus, 96 Mumps, 350 439 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, 61, 185 Muscle cells, 117, 118, 274 Muscle contraction, 60, 113, 121, 129, 132 Muscle synthesis, 360-361 Museums, 284-285, 420421 Mussels, 3 17 Mustard, 386, 387, 398 Mutant studies cell motility, 115 development process, 151, 154-156 DNA replication, 90 evolutionary studies, 273 genetic analysis, 85-87 plant development, 170-171 signaling process, 71 structural analyses, 67, 68, 75 Mutations, 147 Mycorrhizal fungi, 366, 367 Myoblasts, 360, 361 Myocardial infarction, 326, 328 Myoglobin, 379 Myosin, 60, 65, 66, 79, 113-115 Myotonic dystrophy, 344 Myotubes, 360, 361 Myrica, 380 My~omatosis virus, 291 My~own~s, 253 N Nasopharyngeal carcinoma, 43, 340 National Biomedical Research Foundation, 48 National Cancer statue, 407 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 407 National Hormone and Pituitary Program, 356 National Institute of General Medical Sciences, 407 National Institutes of Health (NIH) , 407, 408, 417, 419 National Science Foundation (NSF) Read the entire page →
From page 440... ... spectroscopy DNA recombination studies, 96 ecological studies, 315 molecular structure applications, 16,42, 49, 51, 57, 59~0, 73-76 plant biology applications, 137, 372, 374 training needs, 410411 Nuclear pores, 66, 80-81, 101 Nuclear spin engineering, 410 Nucleic acids, 352 molecular structure, 4, 3943, 51 sequence data, 43, 48 see also DNA; RNA Nucleocapsids, 251 Nucleolar organizer, 84 Nucleolus, 82, 84, 106 Nucleoside analogs, 352 Nucleosomes, 60, 61, 67, 81 Nucleotide-binding domain, 52 Nucleus, 77, 79-84, 104, 105, 134 Nutrient cycling, 319 o Obesity treatment, 357 Oceanic environment aquatic life, 294-295, 362 biodiversity, 309-310 fossil record, 282 microbial ecology, 303, 310 modeling, 303-304 Octopine, 391 Octopus studies, 296 Oilseed rape, 387 Olfactory transduction, 128 Oligocene epoch, 280 Read the entire page →
From page 441... ... INDEX Oligogalacturonide, 138, 396 Oligonucleotide probes, 31, 87 Oligopeptides, 351 Oligosaccharides, 36, 49-51, 138, 357-358 Oncogenes, 71, 133-134, 150, 252, 337, 340, 341 Oocyles, 143-144 Oogenesis, 143-144 Opine amino acid, 391, 392 Opsin genes, 201 Optical microscopy, 32-34 Optical monitonng, 203 Optical spectroscopy, 72, 74, 132 Optimization models, 215 Optimization theory, 301, 319 Organ grafts, 8, 234, 236 Organelles cell structure, 112 mitochondrial activity, 5, 109 motility, 5, 111, 114, 115 photosynthesis activity, 135 stricture and function, 60, 67, 78, 104 transport, 33 Organic geochemistry, 264 Origin of Species, The (Darwin) , 270 Osteoarthritis, 334, 336 Osteogenic patterns, 274 Osteoporosis, 118, 357 Osteosarcoma, 339 Ostriches, 277 O'cidative phosphorylation apparatus, 5, 109 111 Ozone, 3, 313, 314 p Pacemaker cells, 152 Papaverine, 127 Paleabiology, 263, 264, 279-284 Paleoclimates, 316 Paleaecology, 315-316 Papilloma virus, 340 Paracnne hormones, 122-123 Paramyxoviruses, 253, 351 Parasites genetic recombination, 93 host-parasite relationships, 138, 300, 319 intracellular destruction of, 243 pathogenesis mechanism, 49, 249, 258 research needs, 419-420 Parasympathetic nervous system, 127 Parenchymal cells, 147 Parental care behavior, 296, 297 441 Parietal lobe, 213 Padc planning, 319 Padcinson's disease, 207, 209 Parthenogenesis, 144, 145, 271 Passenger pigeons, 291 Patch clamp technique, 7, 125, 128, 184, 201 Patent activity, 404 Patemity analysis, 299 Pathogenesis plant-pathogen interactions, 11, 390-397 see also Immune system and infectious diseases Pattem formation, 6, 153, 164-167, 193-195 Peas, 395 Penicillin, 56 Peptides antiviral action, 351 folding, 70, 72 neuropeptides, 179, 184, 186 receptors, 163 steroid mimicking by, 360 synthesis, 1, 28, 30, 71, 75, 186 Perilcaryon, 188 Permeability modifiers, 116 Peroxidase, 138 Pest control, 16, 291 Pesticide resistance, 260-263, 289 Pesticides, 369 PET scanning, 180, 203, 223 Petunia, 375 Petunia plants, 386 pHl, 145-146 Phagocytes, 117, 343 Phagocytosis, 241-244 Pharmaceuticals, see Medicine and disease treatment Phenol components, 138 Phenolic compounds, 277, 380 Phenotype, 85-87 PhenyL~cetonuria, 104 Pheromones, 16, 148, 293-296 PhoA genes, 266 Phosphate attachment, 114 Phosphates, 45, 374 Phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2) Read the entire page →
From page 442... ... , 44, 122, 124, 129, 333, 335 Platelets, 114, 132, 325 Pleistocene epoch, 281, 282 Poison ivy, 289 Polar planar compounds, 344 Pollen, 386, 387,.389 Pollen fossils, 284 Poliomyelitis, 348, 350 Poliovirus, 63, 64, 252, 253, 255, 350 Pollutants exposure, 336 Pollution, 3, 305, 307, 313-314 Polyadenylation, 100, 101 Polycystic kidney disease, 344 Polyclonal antibodies, 192, 257 Polyethylene glycol, 401 Polymerase chain reactions, 150 Polymorphisms, 266-267, 301 Polypeptides, 70-71,75, 106, 110, 386,388 Polynbonucleotides, 352 Polynbosanes, 112 Polysaccharides, 58, 117, 137, 138, 163 Population, human, 308 Population ecology, 290-291 Population genetics, 215, 261, 262, 265, 267, 269, 272, 273 Population theory, 318-320 Porins, 239 Positional information, 6, 151, 157, 164-167, 193-195 Positron emission tomography (PET scanning) , 180, 203, 223 Potassium, 368 Read the entire page →
From page 443... ... tabaci, 393 Psychiatric disorders, 8, 220-223 Psychotic disturbances, 220 Puffer fish toxin, 126 Pulmonary disorders, 324 Pulvinar area, 213 Purines, 186, 352 Pyrimidine, 352 Q Quantitative fluorescence microscopy, 7, 3334, 188 Quantitative genetic methods, 274, 298 Quatemary structures, 42, 62 R Rabbits, 211, 291 Rabies vines, 250, 253, 350, 351 Radar technologies, 314 Radiation therapy, 338, 339 Radioautography, 31 Radioimmunoassays, 328 Radioisotope determinations, 315-316 Radiometers, 314 Radiometric age determinations, 264 Rain forests, see Tropical forests Ramon y Cajal, S., 176, 198 Ras genes, 133 Rat studies, 168, 326 Ratite birds, 277 Ray studies, 185 RecA protein, 94, 97 Receptor processes, 176 Receptors, see Cell-surface receptors Recognition molecules, 393, 395-396 Recombinant DNA techniques development and procedures, 19-21, 9394,417 directed protein modification, 4, 67-71, 75 dlug development, 2, 353 feed additives production, 363 gene expression, 153 general applications, 1, 3, 17 homologous recombination, 88, 94-95 mitochondrial DNA studies, 109, 110 monogenesis, 164 nervous system studies, 7, 184 population genetics applications, 267 Read the entire page →
From page 444... ... 444 site-specif~c recombination, 95-96 transgenic organisms, 21, 23-27,103 Recambinases, 95, 96 Red blood cells, 116, 167 Reflex behavior, 179, 181 Reforestation, 312 Regenerating systems, 167, 168, 194 Regulatory genes, 24-25 Regulatory issues, 358 Rehabilitation ecology, 306, 312, 322 Reinforcement process, 269 Remote sensing, 314-315 Renal cancer, 342 Renal disease, 236, 326 Renal function, 325-328 Renal stares, 334 Reovirus 3, 253 Reovi~uses, 250 Reproductive biology animal enhancement, 361-362 plants, 134, 369, 385-390 see also Developmental biology Research Associates Program, 407 Research infrastructure, 403423 education and training, 405412 employment profile, 412414 funding, 416420 information-handling requirements, 420 laboratory needs and costs, 414415 recommendations summarized, 12-13 research centers, 421422 systematics collection needs, 284-285, 420421 U.S. competitive position, 40304 women and minorities, 409 Reserpine, 270, 222 Resonance Raman spectroscopy, 372 Resource management, 304, 319 Respiration, 108, 134 Respiratory diseases, 362, 363 Restorer genes, 386, 388, 389 Restriction enzymes, 21, 101, 279 Restnction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) Read the entire page →
From page 445... ... , 101 Sociobiology, 214-219, 295 Sodium channels, 116, 125, 127, 182-183, 185, 196 Soft tissue sarcomas, 339 Soil, 315, 366 Somaclonal variation, 400 Sanatic cells, 80, 94-95, 119 Somatomedins, 356, 360 Somatostatin, 360 Somatotropin, 360-364 Sorghum, 386 Soybeans, 389 Spatial frequency channels, 205 Speciation, 265, 268-270, 279, 281, 283 Species extinction, 299 as biological process, 265, 281, 283-284 conservation ecology, 3` 18, 307-312, 322 contemporary problem, 277, 286, 305, 307 economic and cultural issues, 307 number and distribution of species, 9-10, 276, 307-308 survey need, 3, 419 Species invasions, 312 Spectrophotometers, 414 Spectroscopy, 113 Speech mechanism, 180, 197 Sperm cells, 80, 141-146 Sperm tails, 113 Spin-echo NMR, 372 Spinach genome, 135 Spinal cord, 162, 187 Spleen, 224, 250, 339 Splicing, 57, 69, 100-101, 109, 163 Sponge studies, 274 Sporophytes, 170 Sporophytic incompatibility, 386 SPOT sensor, 314 Squid nervous system, 33, 178 Squirrels, 296 Src gene, 133 Read the entire page →
From page 446... ... sanguis, 247 Streptokinase, 358 Stress tolerance, 289, 319 Striate cortex, 202 Stroke, 5, 328 Structural biology, 39-76 directed protein modification, 67-71 folding, 71-75 goals and themes, 2, 4, 3941 hierarchical organization, 4143 molecular assemblies, 60-67 primary structure, 43-51 protein synthesis applications, 69-70, 108 techniques and instrumentation, 16, 76 three-dimensional structure, 51 60, 372 training needs, 410411 Suberin synthesis, 138 Substrate attachment, 120 Substrate proteins, 201 Succession, 288, 290, 301, 306, 319 Succulent plants, 289 Sucrose production, 374 Suicidal behavior, 223 Sulfation, 106 Sulfonylurea herbicides, 398, 401 Sulfur isotopes, 317 Superbeads/supercoils, 81 Superior colliculus, 213 Suppressor cells, 240-241 Surface molecules, 234, 237,240, 242; see also Cell-surface molecules Surgery, 337, 339 Symbiosis, 138, 317,380, 381 Sympathetic nervous system, 127 Synapsin I, 186 Synaptic connections, 160, 180, 181 potential, 183 INDEX response modulation, 129 vesicles, 33, 185-186 Synchrotron radiation, 58, 60, 64 Systematics contemporary need, 3, 9-10, 13, 272, 283285, 308-309, 420-421 methodology, 263, 274, 276-279 training needs, 284, 411 Systemic lupus e~ythematosus, 224, 230 T T-cell leukemia viruses, 340 T cell lymphoma virus 1,340 Twill receptor genes, 341 T lymphocytes, 225; see also hnmune system and infectious diseases T4 lymphocyte receptor, 253 Tab~oxinine-~-lactam, 393 Target cells, 176-177 Targeting signals, 70 Taste transduction, 128 Tauproteins,188 Telemetry, 264 Telomeres, 83 Tendon tissue, 117 Teratocarcinoma, 166, 344 Terpenes, 277 Tertiary structure, 42 Testicular carcinoma, 338 Testosterone, 121 Tetanus toxin, 132, 250, 257 Tetrodotoxin, 196, 289 Thalamic area, 213 Thematic mapper, 314 Therapeutic agents, see Medicine and disease treatment Thermodynamic measurements, 72 Thin-layer chromatography, 324 Thiol groups, 373 Thioredoxins, 373 Thiosemicarbazones, 352 Three~imensional structure, 4, 40, 42, 51-60 Threonine, 49 L-Threonine, 363 Thrombolytic agents, 358 Thrombosis, 326 Thromboxane A2, 324, 325 Thymidine, 191 Thymine, 19 Thymus, 169, 224, 237 Thyroid hormones, 121, 123 Read the entire page →
From page 447... ... ,57 Transferin, 126 Transforming growth factors, 151, 335 Transgenic organisms animal creation, 23-24 plant creation, 25-26 research uses,18,24-27, 67, 103, 347, 348, 394 Transmembrane signaling, 124-133, 396 Transport mechanisms, 116-117 Transposons, 88 Tree life cycles, 291 Tree rings, 317 Triazines, 401 Trifolin A, 247 Trimethoprim, 56 Triose phosphates, 374 Tripeptide receptors, 163 Trisomy diseases, 94 Trihum labeling, 191 Trophic factors, 151, 195-196 Trophic molecules, 189 Trophoblast, 145 447 Tropical forests, 314,366 conservation biology, 3, 18, 312 evolutionary history, 281 habitat loss, 305,308, 322 species cataloging need, 277, 283, 309 Tropism, 252-254 Troposphere, 314 rypanosoma T crazy 258 T Read the entire page →
From page 448... ... laevis, 16, 17 Xeroderma pigmentosum, 98 Xylem, 367 Xyloglucan, 138 y Yeast alanine transfer RNA, 43 Yeast studies, 15, 352 cell biology, 79, 83-84, 119-120 developmental process, 147-149, 152, 158 DNA repair and mutagenesis, 97 DNA sequence, 46 evolutionary studies, 268 genetic analysis, 88, 93, 94, 96 RNA splicing, 109 Yolk sac, 145 Zidovudine, 242 Zoos, 284, 3 1 1, 421 Zygotes, 144 z Read the entire page →

From page 425...

... Index A Abscisic acid, 381, 382, 384, 389 Acanthamaeba, 114 Acclimation, 369-370, 397 Acetolactate synthase, 398 Acetylcholine (ACh) neurotransmitter, 125,127,132, 184-186 receptor, 61, 62, 124,125, 127, 178, 182, 184, 185, 253 Acetylcholinesterase, 185 Acid precipitation, 3, 303, 314, 319 Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)

Index Pages 425-448

Index
Pages 425-448