Risk Assessment in the Federal Government Managing the Process Working Papers (1983) / Chapter Skim
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Asbestos: Part II
Asbestos: Part II
Pages 69-82
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From page 69... ...
Asbestos minerals used commercially include chrysotile, amosite, croc idol ite, tremor ite 9 ac t ino lite, and anthophyl 1 i te ashes tos . Since asbestos is highly resistant to heat, has high tensile strength, and moderate to good chemical resistance, it has many uses.
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From page 70... ...
On February 25, 19729 OSHA's Advisory Committee on Asbestos Dust, by narrow margins endorsed the NIOSTI recorma-endation~. OSHA held public hearings during the period March 14-17, 1972, to receive data, views a and arguments from interested parties concerning the proposed asbestos standard.
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From page 71... ...
~ In response to the court-remanded issues, OS'dA elected to initiate rulemaking. As indicated in the October 9, 1975 Federal Register notice: It is OSHA's belief that the record of the 1972 asbestos standard proceeding is inadequate to properly resolve the the two issues raised by the court's remand and that in the interest of achieving the best feasible occupational Wealth protect ion a new rulemaking proceeding should be initiated so that fresh and more detailed evidence may be developed regarding changes in industrial usage, compliance capabilities, and employee health practices which have occured since the Standard 's promulgation over three years ago.
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From page 72... ...
Action Initia1 promulgation of 05aA 12 fibers/Be standard Emergency temporary ~ tandard of 5 fibers/cc published as result of AFL/CID petition SPRY for "permanent'' 5 fibers/cc s tandart NIOSH submits Criteria Document to OSHA Fina 1 rut emaking f or 5 f ibers / c c standard which would be lowered to 2 fibers/cc on July 1, 1976 AFL/CID suit challenging four-year delay of 2 fiber/cc implementation Court remand to OSEA to review the 1976 2 fibers/cc implementation date OSHA initiates new rulemaking (NPRM) in response to court's remand NIOSH submits Criteria Document to OSHA C CRARACTERIZATION OF RISK ro HUMANS o (Sections B and C were combined.)
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From page 73... ...
study of asbestosis incidence in British factories was the chief document used in the development of the asbestos standard. Numerous epidemiotogic studies dealing witch lung cancer and mesorhelioma incidence were also reviewed.
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From page 74... ...
1976 Criteria Document NIOSH concluded that ''evaluation of all available human data provides no evidence for a threshold or for a 'safe' level of asbestos exposure O " Consequently, it was decided that the standard should be set at the lowest level detectable by available analytical techniques. No quantitative risk assessment was performed.
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From page 75... ...
lithe senior committee went over all the comments and the rationale for responding to them in a particular way. The ma jor criticism incurred dealt with NIOSH' s focusing on asbestosis data rather than on the data dealing with cancer.
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From page 76... ...
The 1972 NIOSlI criteria document played a key role in supporting the final OSAKA rule establishing a permanent standard of 2 fibers/cc (FR, June 7, 1972)
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From page 77... ...
In 1972, the NIOSH criteria document and an EPA rule for national emissions standards recommended or established exposure levels for asbestos consis tent with a threshold value for asbestos carcinogenesi~. In flay 1975, Dr.
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From page 78... ...
Mention was made of the fact that the British Occupational Hygiene Society suggested a level of 2 for chrysotile but O 2 for crocidolite which is known to be associated with mesotheliomaO The Textile Workers Union wanted a standard that used engineering controls and good handling practices to push toward zero exposure.
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From page 79... ...
Guidance was given in air sampling methodology, medical surveillance requirements, labeling, protective equipment and clothing, and work prac tices . 1976 Criteria Document In the opinion of one of the authors of the document, perhaps 1-1/ 2 person years were needed to camp le te the document .
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From page 80... ...
By 1976, NIOSH had changed its position, Treating cancers as non~hreshold subs tances a In f act, Dr. Fairchi id of NIOSH justified this position in 1975 by quoting from the 1968 Surgeon General' ~ statements lOo Mode and frequency of communication between assessors and regulators a There was frequent communication between OSHA and NTOSlI during promulgation of the asbestos standards.
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From page 81... ...
1970. 1969 Standard for asbestos dust concentration for use with the asbestos regulations.
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