Permissible Exposure Levels for Selected Military Fuel Vapors (1996) / Chapter Skim
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4 Fuel Exposures, Toxicity Testing, and Air Monitoring in Naval Operations
4 Fuel Exposures, Toxicity Testing, and Air Monitoring in Naval Operations
Pages 36-43
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From page 36... ...
The storage and operation of the fueled vehicles in the ship's cargo holds can be hazardous to service personnel because of exposure to fuel vapors and exhaust. The anticipated exposure scenario involves exposure to fuel vapors during fueling operations or while working in the vicinity of fuelecl vehicles.
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From page 37... ...
The TWAs rankest from <0.48 to 153 mime VAPOR COMPOSITION Evaluating the toxicity of military fuels, setting PELs, and monitoring air to ensure that the PELs are not exceeded! present special problems that result from the physical properties of volatile mixtures.
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From page 38... ...
whereat and xi are the mole fractions of component i in the vapor phase and the liquid phase, respectively; PVPi is the vapor pressure (VP) of pure component i and P is the total pressure; and yi is the activity coefficient (Reid et al., 1987~.
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From page 39... ...
and the refining processes employed in production (Bishop, 1982~. SEWING PELS FOR MATURES Two approaches have been used to develop limits of acceptable exposure to airborne gas and vapor mixtures.
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From page 40... ...
If these data are to be used for setting PELs, vapor compositions in the test chamber and in the occupational setting must be compared. IMPLICATIONS FOR AIR MONITORING Airborne fuel vapors can be monitored by portable instruments or by collection on adsorbent material and subsequent laboratory analysis.
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From page 41... ...
The sum of the constituent peak areas of the standards is regressed on the corresponding standard concentrations. The areas of the sample chromatogram peaks with the same retention times as the standard chromatogram peaks are summed to yield the sample response, and the concentration is calculated from the Thus, this method yields a concentration estimate of total vapor weight per volume in air.
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From page 42... ...
The lower limit of detection of the most sensitive instruments is from ~ to 3 ppm, and the upper limit of the usable range varies considerably among the available instruments (ACGTH, 1989~. Most portable FID and combustible gas instruments are nonspecific, responding to nearly all organic compounds.
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From page 43... ...
With diffusive sampling, conversion of the weight collected to airborne concentration is complicated because the sampling rates for each component differ. Thus, active sampling on sorbent tubes is generally the most satisfactory method for measuring personal exposure to fuel vapors.
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