America's Fathers and Public Policy Report of a Workshop (1994) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 5-18
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From page 5... ...
Another one-third of children will be born to unmarried women, although approximately one-quarter of them cohabit with the children's fathers. In 1989, about two-thirds of ever-divorced mothers were granted child support awards requiring nonresident fathers to pay child support (Bureau of the Census, 19911.
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From page 6... ...
(1993) found that 15 to 30 percent of families had made modifications to their child support agreements within 3 years of their divorces.
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From page 7... ...
Moms," mere substitutes for the "real" caregivers mothers. Although fathers spend less overall time with their children than do- mothers, when they do interact, studies have found that both middle- and working-class fathers are capable of being just as nurturant and involved with their infant as are mothers (Parke, 1990~.
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From page 8... ...
It is also possible that similar demographic or psychological factors result in fathers' both paying child support and spending time with children (Seltzer, 1992~. Research is inconclusive on whether fathers spend more time or spend time differently with their sons than with their daughters.
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From page 9... ...
Efforts to compare families with disabled children with matched samples of families without disabled children have found somewhat more depression reported by mothers of a disabled child than by mothers of nondisabled children, but the difference was not very large (Bristol et al., 1988~. Mothers in all cases expressed more depression than did fathers.
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From page 10... ...
Other studies have found that fathers of young children with developmental disabilities have difficulty in forming an emotional attachment to their children (Krause, 1993~. Fathers of disabled children also reported significantly more marital disagreements than did fathers of nondisabled children (Bristol et al., 1988~.
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From page 11... ...
This life-long need for care means that parents of disabled children face continuing responsibility into old age, when they may not be physically able to handle it. Although mothers remain the dominant caregivers, fathers may assume more responsibility for the care of adult sons.
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From page 12... ...
Fathers of disabled children spend even less time playing with their children than do fathers of nondisabled children. Not only may opportunities for physical play be restricted with a disabled child, but the support programs available to families of disabled children tend to focus on mothers, to the neglect of fathers.
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From page 13... ...
McAdoo (1988) has found that fathers who are economically able to provide financial support to their families are more nurturing in their interactions with their children than fathers who cannot provide financial support.
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From page 14... ...
Most children born to unmarried women are unlikely ever to live with their fathers or to receive support from them (Hawkins, 19921. This combination of factors in the inner city does not bode well for strong father-child involvement.
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From page 15... ...
ROLE MODELS AND TEENAGE FATHERS Not only have jobs been lost in the inner cities in the United States, but the social organization of many inner-city communities has also changed. Along with the outmigration of jobs, there has also been a departure of middle- and working-class African Americans (Wilson, 1987~.
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From page 16... ...
found that economicaNy disadvantaged youth wero significantly more likely to agree that "~bedng a child would Mae them Mel like a 'real man/' As ~ ~orksbop participant noted, young men Hobo can't afford to take on the uadidona1 role of bread~inning spouse and father "do the next best thing. They have sex,
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From page 17... ...
Lerman's analysis of the NLSY found that nearly 80 percent of unmarried fathers who lived near their children visited them every day or several times a week. Ethnographic work also suggests that .......
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From page 18... ...
A mother may either encourage or discourage father-child interaction. One participant noted that a mother may limit a father's access to children to put pressure on him to increase child support payments or that a mother may not be comfortable with the father's child rearing practices.
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