Nutrition Surveys and Surveillance Activities in Russia and the Newly Independent States A Review of USAID-Sponsored Activities (1994) / Chapter Skim
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DOCUMENTS REVIEWED BY THE COMMITTEE
DOCUMENTS REVIEWED BY THE COMMITTEE
Pages 9-26
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Table 2-1 summarizes essential aspects of the above five nutrition surveysurveillance activities. RUSSIAN LONGITUDINAL MONITORING SURVEY Purpose The overall goal of this series of extensive community, household, and individual surveys is to assess the effects of the dramatic macroeconomic reforms on household and individual welfare.
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The background document for this project indicates that "it is expected that in many sectors, rapid changes in productivity will result in significant improvements in the quality of life." Thus, there is the explicit assumption that the series of economic reforms will result in productivity gains that will lead to growth in national income, and in many cases, in household income. However, it is also clear from the materials presented that there is an equally explicit assumption that some individuals and households might be negatively affected in the short to medium term.
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The extensive individual dietary intake data were to be entered directly in the field to expedite processing and ensure rapid analyses. The researchers found this process produced numerous data entry errors, and an appropriate level of quality control was not possible.
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3. In adults, energy intake increased modestly with increasing household income.
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identify risk factors associated with pensioner malnutrition, (3) assess main aid support systems and other coping strategies used by pensioners to adjust for decreasing food supplies, and (4)
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CARE UNDER-TWO-YEARS-OF-AGE SURVEY Purpose Studies were carried out from August to October 1993 in three regions of Russia to assess the current nutritional status of children < 2 years of age and identify groups of individuals and geographic areas at particularly high risk of malnutrition. The report, in draft form, was provided to USAID just one month after data collection ended.
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The interviews included questions on household demographics (including maternal fertility and estimated infant mortality) and socioeconomic status, child feeding history, maternal nutrition knowledge, and food security and recent changes in household food consumption.
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A sizable proportion of the families studied reported perceived food insecurity and worsening food consumption patterns, apparently because of lack of purchasing power. However, there was no objective evidence of child
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More analyses of these findings by specific risk factors, such as urban-rural residence, employment status, and so on, would be useful. ANEMIA PREVALENCE SURVEY IN UZBEKISTAN Purpose To understand the extent and etiology of anemia in the NIS, the USAID Office of Nutrition funded anemia surveys in Uzbekistan, Russia, and Kazakhstan using micronutrient funds designated for the NIS.
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Because of problems with record identification, not all laboratory results could be linked with survey information pertaining to possible risk factors for anemia. Among the available complete records, there was little difference in the eating patterns of anemic and nonanemic individuals, except perhaps among the elderly.
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was to implement the nutrition surveillance system in three phases over a 3-year contract period starting in 1993. The purpose was to establish timely nutritional surveillance of infants, preschoolers, and pregnant women in order to enable decision makers to protect the nutritional status of these groups.
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in the health profiles allowed a minimal level of cross-country comparison (Table 2-2~. Comments Concerning Nutrition Situation from Country Profiles The following are some of the specific food and nutrition situation assessments obtained from the health profiles that the CIN found to be of particular interest.
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. The profile predicted that as early as late 1992, childhood malnutrition rates could increase significantly due to the combined effects of rising food prices, declining purchasing power, and the decline in the number of milk kitchens and school feeding programs.
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When it was part of the Soviet Union, Uzbekistan was the main exporter of fruits and vegetables to the rest of the union. Anemia prevalence among pregnant women was reported to be 70 percent on average and higher in rural areas.
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