Child Care for Low-Income Families Summary of Two Workshops (1995) / Chapter Skim
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Child Care and Children's Development: Safety, Quality, and Continuity
Child Care and Children's Development: Safety, Quality, and Continuity
Pages 16-27
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From page 16... ...
Variation in the quality of typical child care appears to affect numerous aspects of children's development assessed in the short term with available measures. The cumulative and long-term developmental and societal impacts of these effects remain to be evatuatecl.
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From page 17... ...
They have captured a much wider age range than was previously the case, moving beyond studies ot preschoolers to examine infant and touchier care, beforeschoo! and after-schoof care, ancI significantly to include a major, longitudinal study of chilcI care that recruits families ranging from poor to wealthy at the time of their chilciren's birth and follows them through the chilciren's entry into school (the National Institute of Chilc!
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From page 18... ...
18 Cat ._ U)
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From page 20... ...
child care providers across three states. The percentages of less-than-minimal care were 13 percent for reguiated home-based providers, 50 percent for unregulated home-basecI providers, and 69 percent for relative care.
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From page 21... ...
The percentages of settings about which concerns have been raised are seldom below 15 percent, suggesting that one in seven children receives poor quality care in available, typical child care arrangements. Further, the workshop participants cautioned that these data may actually underestimate the proportion of care settings that are of poor quality.
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From page 22... ...
To the extent that other studies have found associations between center quality and family income, it appears that working-class and lower~middle-income familiesnor families in poverty are relying on poorer-quality child care centers (Hofferth, ~ 995; Phillips et al., ~ 994~. The workshop participants speculated that tow-income children may actually get the best ant!
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From page 23... ...
The emerging literature on typical child care for low-income children has raised an additional issue, namely continuity of care, that many workshop participants believe should be part of the discussion of child care quality. The attention of the workshop participants was riveted on this issue by data from the NICHD study showing that, across all income groups, 35 percent of infants had experienced at least three different arrangements-either sequentially or layered on top of each other-by age ~ 2 months.
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From page 24... ...
and Loman's Illinois clata inclicated that more than one in five chiTciren were placed with two or more providers during a given week, largely as a result of parents' clifficulties matching work and school schedules with the schedules of chiTc3 care providers. Effects of Child Care on Children Substantial evidence has clemonstrated that variation in child care quality within the range available in typical community- and homebased programs affects a wide range of children's developmental outcomes, including cognitive, social, and health outcomes.
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From page 25... ...
care environments interact to affect development, particularly at the extremes of quality And what are the effects of variation in the quality and continuity of care on the quality and consistency of childrearing that parents are able to provide~ The workshop participants emphasized that efforts tO understand the distribution of low-income families across differing types ant! qualities of child care warrant careful attention, particularly insofar as they are linked to the employment status of low-income parents.
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From page 26... ...
State legislation effective in 1995 requires that every child care facility have at least one staff person for every 20 children with a Child Development Associate (CDA) credential, a comparable CDA equivalency, an expert' ence exemption, or a formal education requirement equal to or greater than the CDA credential or CDA equivalency.
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From page 27... ...
In this context, two major concerns were raised. First, absent consumer pressure to ensure that more child care providers offer children the inputs that research shows to be important, there is little incentive for providers to offer such inputs or for policy makers to expand access to these features of care.
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