Prospectus for National Knowledge Assessment (1996) / Chapter Skim
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1 What is a National Knowledge Assessment?
1 What is a National Knowledge Assessment?
Pages 5-15
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From page 5... ...
A firm in a country that does not have open Internet access has no chance to participate in such a global value chain, and the traditional comparative advantage of the developing countries, low-wage labor, carries little weight. The rapid rise of the so-called Asian Tigers or Newly Industrializing Countries (NICs)
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From page 6... ...
It makes little difference whether an innovation is new to the world or merely new to the country; the process of transfer and adoption is the same. Important factors include the educational system, PROSPECTUS FOR NATIONAL KNOWLEDGE ASSESSMENT the skilled work force, research laboratories, the system of measures and standards, the legal system and its ability to protect innovation, and the financial mechanisms to invest in innovation.
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From page 7... ...
The recommendations of the knowledge assessment will be designed to build bridges, where possible, rather than identify and remove every barrier. THE KNOWLEDGE ASSESSMENT PROCEDURE The approach proposed for the National Knowledge Assessment is a combination of a bird's eye analysis of the National Knowledge System, the supply side of knowledge, with the worm's eye studies of sentinel enterprises, the demand side.
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From page 8... ...
The first step in the elaboration of the National Knowledge System involves labeling the functions of the template with the corresponding national institutions and determining the extent of flow in all directions. These institutions will include universities, schools, libraries, academies of science and engineering, industrial associations, technical services and consulting companies, the technical media, and government agencies such as the census bureau, ministry of information, ministry of health, and ministry of agriculture.
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From page 9... ...
In either case, the motivation for knowledge-based activities that rely on government collaboration is adversely affected. Bureaucracy The word bureaucracy carries a negative connotation, associated with excessive regulation, red tape, and slow response.
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From page 10... ...
The cumulative effect of numerous minor incremental innovations can sometimes be more transforming and have more economic impact than a few radical innovations or"technological breakthroughs." Similarly, radical innovations seldom stand alone, and realization of their economic or societal benefits usually requires many incremental improvements and the development of ancillary technologies, most frequently combined with organizational changes and social learning, which take more time and face more barriers than the acceptance of the technological aspects of the innovations themselves. For this reason, the benefits which accrue to radical innovations may be less likely to be captured by the individual, enterprise or country that originates the innovation.
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From page 11... ...
Knowledge itself goes beyond transmissible information to embrace codified knowledge, embodied knowledge, and tacit knowledge and skills. Information infrastructure Some countries are beginning to develop national infonnation infrastructures, or "intranets," to enhance the capability of the services available to local users.
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From page 12... ...
Since the motivation for carrying out the PROSPECTUS FOR NATIONAL KNOWLEDGE ASSESSMENT national knowledge assessment is the rapid pace of technological innovation, much of the knowledge that is relevant to knowledge assessment is tagged with a date and even a time, and loses value rapidly if it is not renewed. An institution whose net stock of knowledge does not depreciate is called a learning institution.
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From page 13... ...
Diffusion is a national objective, because the economy as a whole benefits when best practice is widely diffused. Flow of knowledge Diffusion of knowledge is dependent on a structured flow of knowledge among the various nodes of the National Knowledge System.
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From page 14... ...
A plan of action is also suggested. The map is the National Knowledge System, a schematic, annotated map of the knowledge infrastructure of the country.
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From page 15... ...
Reports are prepared by task forces combining local experts with international specialists following a template of Functions of a National System of Innovation which inspired the one adopted here for the National Knowledge System. Stakeholders, principal science and technology institutions, and other participating bodies are identified and their roles described and charted following a prescribed format.
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