Identifying Future Drinking Water Contaminants (1999) / Chapter Skim
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5 Sorting and Screening of Potential Drinking Water Contaminants: New and Existing Chemicals Under the Toxic Substances Control Act
5 Sorting and Screening of Potential Drinking Water Contaminants: New and Existing Chemicals Under the Toxic Substances Control Act
Pages 103-111
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From page 103... ...
Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) of 1976 and considers elements relevant to screening and assessment of new and existing industrial chemicals as drinking water contaminants.
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From page 104... ...
When submitted, health test data rarely extend beyond acute studies (~40 percent) or genotoxicity tests (~15 percent; Auer and Gould, 1987~.
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From page 105... ...
creeping of Potential Drinking Water Contaminants Quantitative structure activity relationships (QSARs) are the technique EPA uses to carry out preliminary hazard assessments of new chemicals in the absence of test data.
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From page 106... ...
that would determine inclusion in the category, recommended testing to address PBT concerns, and EPA's regulatory strategy for chemicals meeting the category requirements. EXISTING CHEMICALS EPA's TSCA inventory currently contains over 70,000 chemicals, many of which are produced or imported at low or negligible volumes, while others are polymers that, because of their size (e.g., high molecular weight)
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From page 107... ...
. The SIDS test battery includes the following basic screening endpoints: physical-chemical properties, environmental fate, ecotoxicity, acute toxicity, genetic toxicity, repeat-dose toxicity, and developmental and reproductive toxicity, which are listed in Section 2.2 of the Screening Information Data Set Manual of the OECD Programme on the Co-operative Investigation of High Production Volume Chemicals, published in July 1997.
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From page 108... ...
Chemical Hazard Data Availability Study In an Earth Day 1998 announcement, Vice President Gore and EPA Administrator Carol Browner committed EPA to testing initiatives aimed at strengthening the public's rift and ability to know about the potential health and environmental risks from HPV existing chemicals. The announcement on the testing of HPV chemicals is a direct result of a recent EPA (l99Sa)
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From page 109... ...
Under the HPV Challenge Program, companies can commit to voluntarily develop complete SIDS test datasets for their chemicals by the end of 2004. In addition, EPA will, as necessary, propose and finalize TSCA Section 4 test rules to require SIDS testing of HPV chemicals not handled under the Challenge Program.
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From page 110... ...
Estimates of potential dose rates from ingestion of surface water are developed using surface water concentrations based on mean stream flow values multiplied by the daily drinking water ingestion rate and the annual frequency of ingestion (EPA, 199Sb)
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From page 111... ...
CONCLUSION This paper describes major components of EPA's program to assess, test, and manage the risk of new and existing industrial chemicals under TSCA. The paper also explores possible approaches to sorting and screening these chemicals to identify possible candidates that present drinking water concerns.
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