Evaluating Food Assistance Programs in an Era of Welfare Reform Summary of a Workshop (1999) / Chapter Skim
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2 Background
2 Background
Pages 4-14
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From page 4... ...
The smaller programs include the Child and Adult Care Food Program; the Summer Food Service Program; the Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations; the Commodity Supplemental Food Program; the Special Milk Program; the Homeless Children Nutrition Program; the Nutrition Program for the Elderly; the Emergency Food Assistance Program; the Nutrition Assistance Programs in Puerto Rico, American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas Islands; the WIC Farmers Market Nutrition Program; and the Nutrition Education and Training Program. Descriptions of the programs appear below.)
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The National School Lunch Program and the School Breakfast Program provide cash reimbursements and distribute commodity foods to participating public and private schools and to nonprofit residential institutions that serve meals to children. Participation is based on income: children from households with family incomes at or less than 130 percent of the federal poverty line are eligible to receive free meals; children from families with incomes between 130
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The Child and Adult Care Food Program provides healthy meals and snacks that are served in child and adult day care centers and in family and group day care homes for children. This program ensures that children and adults in day care receive healthy meals by reimbursing participating day care operators for their meal costs and providing them with USDA commodity foods.
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Schools in the National School Lunch or School Breakfast Programs may also participate in this program to provide milk to children in half-day prekindergarten and kindergarten programs, for children who do not have access to the school meal programs. The Homeless Children Nutrition Program reimburses providers for nutritious meals served to homeless preschool-age children in emergency shelters.
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From page 10... ...
The legislative purpose of the program is to "encourage effective dissemination of scientifically valid information to children participating or eligible to participate in the school lunch and related child nutrition programs" (Kalina et al., 1989~. Through its Team Nutrition, FNS also provides schools with nutrition education materials and other support for children, technical assistance for food service professional staffs, and nutrition education materials for other food assistance programs, such as the Food Stamp Program and WIC.
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All states were required to submit their plans to DHHS and to begin implementing the TANF block grant by July 1, 1997. States have adopted wide-ranging options regarding work exemptions, sanctions for noncompliance with work requirements, and time limits on assistance.
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As the caseloads continue to decline, it becomes critical to continue to follow these families in order to understand what happens to those who leave the welfare system. Changes to Food Assistance Programs Although PRWORA retained the Food Stamp Program as a federal entitlement program, it made many structural changes in the administration and implementation of the program.4 The changes were to enhance state flexibility, simplify program administration, strengthen program integrity, and encourage the expansion of electronic benefits transfer (Carlson, 1996~.
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States can use these waivers and options as they establish their cash assistance programs and the Food Stamp Program, provided that several features of the national Food Stamp Program are maintained. Examples of permissible projects are those that will improve the administration of the program, increase the self-sufficiency of food stamp recipients, test innovative welfare reform strategies, or allow greater conformity with the rules of other programs.
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From page 14... ...
The other food assistance programs also saw changes as a result of PRWORA. States can enforce the immigration restrictions set up in other programs in the Summer Food Program.
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