Microbial and Phenotypic Definition of Rats and Mice Proceedings of the 1998 US/Japan Conference (1999) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 46-55
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From page 46... ...
A broader study of gene loci related to diseases requires more variant alleles in mice for analyzing the molecular mechanism of gene manifestation. Asian mice are useful for that purpose because they are genetically more remote from laboratory mice and have plenty of variant alleles.
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From page 47... ...
1999. Multiple genes governing biological functions in the genetic backgrounds of laboratory mice and Asian wild mice.
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These races exist as a result of accumulated genetic changes caused by gene mutations and of gene frequencies at many loci. Such genetic changes resulted in racial diversity, with different genetic characteristics such as skin color and height.
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In the mouse, 1,000,000 years are required for genetic divergence to lead to a subspecies. Ethnic Differences It is interesting to consider the number of loci required to identify ethnic differences of human races.
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FIGURE 3 Genetic relations among 50 races obtained from gene frequencies of ABO, Rh, and MN blood types.
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Wild animals have been domesticated, and inbred strains and closed colonies have been bred as laboratory animals. In addition, there are many inbred strains and closed colonies with particular characteristics.
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Generally, genetic variation in a closed colony is greater than that seen with an inbred strain. When a colony has been genetically altered for any of the reasons described above, it will be difficult for users of the stocks to interpret their data because genetic changes have occurred.
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, those of rat closed colonies were reasonable. Jcl:Wistar revealed the lowest percentage (9.5%)
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It was also revealed that the relation between Iar:Wistar and Donryu was very close yet genetically different from SD and Wistar colonies. Although geneticists and breeders recognize the importance of genetic monitoring of closed colonies, this issue has not been discussed.
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HIDEKI KATOH 55 TABLE 2 Gene Frequencies of 21 Biochem~cal Markers in Six Outbred Stocks Locus Allele Jcl:Wistar Crj :Wistar Iar:Wistar Jcl:SD Crj :SD Donryu 1 Aconl a o.oooo o.oooo o.oooo 0.9580*
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