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(NAS Colloquium) Plants and Population Is There Time? (1999) / Chapter Skim
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Plant genetic resouces: What can they contribute toward increased crop productivity?
Pages 5937-5943

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From page 5937...
... in Preserving Genetic Resources Simply stated, plant breeding depends on the correct combination of specific alleles at the 50-60,000 genetic loci present in a plant's genome. The knowledge of where these alleles are best found and the combination and evaluation of these into a Abbreviations: CGIAR, Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research; CIMMYT, Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maiz y Trigo; FAO, Food and Agriculture Organization; IPR, intellectual property rights.
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From page 5938...
... Center Total holdings 70,940 136,637 13,911 2,448 109,029 110,478 39,756 13,470 1,051 80,646 17,440 595,806 Major species Cassava, Phaseolus, rice Maize, wheat Potato, sweet potato Agroforestry species Lentil, chickpea Chickpea, sorghum, groundnut Yam, rice, maize, cassava Forage legumes and grasses Banana, plantain Rice Rice CIAT CIMMYT CIP ICRAF ICARDA ICRISAT IITA ILRI IPGRI IRRI WARDA Total IITA, International Institute for Tropical Agriculture; CIAT, Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical; CIP, Centro Internacional de Papa; ICRAF, International Centre for Research in Agroforestry; ICARDA, International Center for Agriculture in the Dry Areas; ICRISAT, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics; ILRI, International Livestock Research Institute; IPGRI, International Plant Genetic Resources Institute; IRRI, International Rice Research Institute; WARDA, West African Rice Development Association.
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From page 5939...
... Trait Locus Source Disease resistance Leaf rust Stem rust Stripe rust Powdery mildew Wheat streak mosaic virus Karnal bunt Pest resistance Hessian fly Cereal cyst nematode Quality traits Grain protein High protein Low molecular weight glutenins Lr9 Lrl8 Lrl9 Lr23 Lr24 Lr25 Lr29 Lr32 Sr2 Sr22 Sr36 Yrl S Pml2 Pm21 Pm25 Wsml Aegilops umbellulata Triticum timopheevi Thinopyrum T turg7tdum Ag.
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From page 5940...
... CIMMYT and a sister CGIAR center, the International Institute for Tropical Agriculture, are working to identify genes associated with resistance and to develop molecular techniques to more effectively transfer the traits to maize varieties. Some resistance has been found in certain teosinte species and accessions.
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From page 5941...
... What lies ahead? A tremendous challenge now awaits us an increased demand for food production spurred on by an increasing world population, a decreasing natural resources base, and declining investments in agricultural research.
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From page 5942...
... produce additional food in his or her own fields may be the surest and quickest way to increase food security in these countries Can genetic resources contribute to maintaining the rate of yield increase for the major crop species (or even increase it) without requiring significantly higher inputs (human and financial)
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From page 5943...
... (1975) Annul Corn Sorghum Res.
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Key Terms

  • genetic diversity
  • food production
  • gene banks
  • plant genetic
  • wheat varieties

  • world population
  • agricultural research
  • cgiar centers
  • molecular diversity
  • plant breeding

  • rust resistance
  • international wheat
  • leaf rust
  • centro internacional
  • designated germplasm

  • wheat improvement
  • molecular techniques
  • wheat genetics
  • genetic resource
  • disease resistance

  • genetics symposium
  • hybrid technology
  • crop improvement
  • maize varieties
  • population growth

  • wheat genetic
  • food security
  • biological diversity
  • tetraploid wheat
  • astonishing increase


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