Review of the U.S. Army's Health Risk Assessments for Oral Exposure to Six Chemical-Warfare Agents (1999) / Chapter Skim
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From page 1... ...
NSCM includes a host of lethal wastes from past disposal efforts, unserviceable munitions, chemically contaminated containers, chemical-production facilities, newly located chemical munitions, known sites containing substantial quantities of buried chemical weapons and wastes, and binary weapons and components. There are eight stockpile sites located in the continental United States and one on an island in the Pacific Ocean, and 82 NSCM locations have been identified.
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From page 2... ...
The Army's Surgeon General adopted the proposed RfDs and SFs developed by ORNE as interim values to ensure that consistent healthbased criteria were applied in ongoing initiatives requiring decisions on the safety of contaminated sites. The Army's Surgeon General also requested that the NRC independently review the scientific validity of these values.
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From page 3... ...
An SF for sulfur mustard was derived using a comparative potency method. The subcommittee determined that the Army's interim RfDs for GA, GB, GD, and sulfur mustard were scientifically valid but concluded that the RfDs for VX and lewisite and the SF for sulfur mustard were too high.
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From page 4... ...
If further research reveals that significant toxic effects can be induced by any of the nerve agents at doses below those that cause significant ChE inhibition, additional studies should be conducted to reassess the safety of the recommended RfD for GB. GO The Army's interim RfD of 4 x 10-6 mg/kg per day for GD was based on a subchronic oral toxicity study in rats, in which depression of plasma
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From page 5... ...
The major gap in the available information on GD is the lack of either a subchronic or a chronic oral toxicity study that demonstrates a clear dose-response relationship between GD exposure and ChE inhibition. The absence of that type of data could be addressed by conducting a subchronic oral toxicity study that assesses anti-ChE activity in RBCs and plasma in one or preferably two species.
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From page 6... ...
of 7 x 10-6 mg/kg per day. The major gap in the available information on sulfur mustard is the lack of a chronic oral animal bioassay from which to derive the RfD and
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From page 7... ...
The major gaps in the available information on lewisite are the lack of information on the implications of administering lewisite directly to the stomach over a short time and the absence of chronic oral toxicity data from which to derive an RfD. Because of those deficiencies, the RfD for lewisite was estimated by extrapolating from a less-than-ideal animal study to humans.
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From page 8... ...
L, CK, HCN, and residues, CAISC Waiakea Forest Reserve GB, BZ Idaho-X Targhee National Forest Phosgene, NO2 Illinois-V Savanna Army Depot Activity Mustard and residue Prepublication Copy ~Oral Reference Doses
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