An Assessment of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Measurement and Standards Laboratories Fiscal Year 1999 (1999) / Chapter Skim
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Chapter 2 Electronics and Electrical Engineering Laboratory
Chapter 2 Electronics and Electrical Engineering Laboratory
Pages 11-36
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Chapter 2 Electronics and Electrical Engirzeerir~g Laboratory
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by its Chair, V Thomas Rhyne, this assessment of the fiscal year 1 999 activities of the Electronics and Electrical Engineering Laboratory is based on site visits by individual pane]
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work in the Electricity Division, the development of NIST Traceable Reference Materials (NTRM) for critical dimension measurements in the Semiconductor Electronics Division, the application of reverberation chamber technology to electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)
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OAINFG/CRADA 10.2 1 l.8 Other Reimbursable 2.9 2.9 Total 49.0 5 1.0 As of January 1999, staffing for the Electronics and Electrical Engineering Laboratory included 270 full-time permanent positions, of which 229 were for technical professionals. There were also 29 nonpermanent and supplemental personnel, such as postdoctoral research associates and part-time workers.
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DIVISIONAL REVIEWS Electricity Division Division Mission According to division documentation, the mission of the Electricity Division is to provide the worId's most technically advanced and fundamentally sound basis for all electrical measurements in the United States by realizing the International System (SI) of electrical units; developing improved measurement methods and calibration services; and supporting the measurements and standards infrastructure needed by U.S.
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The core mission of the Electricity Division has been the development, maintenance, and dissemination of basic electrical units, standards, and measurement technologies, including written standards. At the same time the division has pursued a vigorous research agenda in systems-oriented projects such as the work on Electronic Data Exchange by the Electronics information Technologies Group and the development of Testing Strategies Software in the Electronic Instrumentation and Metrology Group.
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1 As of January 1999, staffing for the Electricity Division included 65 full-time permanent positions, of which 59 were for technical professionals. There were also 1 1 nonpermanent and supplemental personnel, such as postdoctoral research associates and part-time workers.
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There are four groups in the Semiconductor Electronics Division: Integrated Circuit (IC) Technology, Device Technology, Thin Film Metrology, and Materials Technology.
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The work on Dielectric and Interconnect Reliability Metrology is preparing NIST to meet the future measurement needs of the semiconductor industry. Last year's assessment indicated some concern regarding the division's work on alternate gate dielectrics and copper interconnect.
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A ~ 998 NIST-organized workshop provided industry guidance on future dielectric measurement and standardization needs. The last group in the Semiconductor Electronics Division, the Materials Technology Group, oversees work on three programs.
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Impact of Programs One of the main ways in which the Semiconductor Electronics Division affects industry is by providing tools that support the measurement infrastructure of the semiconductor industry. Such tools include SRMs, test chips, standard reference data, and software.
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~0. ~ Total 8.6 9.1 As of January ~ 999, staffing for the Semiconductor Electronics Division included 45 fulltime permanent positions, of which 38 were for technical professionals.
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For example, this division's calibrations, including microwave electrical measurements, new transfer standards for radiofrequency (RF) power measurement, antenna measurements, and anechoic chamber certifications, comprise approximately 20 percent of the calibration services performed at NTST.
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The Electromagnetic Properties of Materials project is applying innovative analytical and measurement techniques to traditional and new challenges in bulk and thin film electronics materials. Recent improvements to measurement technology include the in situ monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC)
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The NTST MMIC Consortium responds to near-term industrial partner needs and generates standards for wider industry use in the long term. Other examples of key high-impact activities in this division include reverberation chamber research in collaboration with the automotive and aerospace industries; the NIST biannual short course on near-field measurement techniques; RCS standards and range certification activities with the Department of Defense and industry; calibration services in antennas, network analysis, noise, and microwave power, including production of Standard Reference Materials; and public release of software for 25
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NIST-STRS, 5.2 5.9 excluding Competence Competence 0.3 0.4 ATP 0.2 0.0 OA/NFG/CRADA 2.0 1.7 Other Reimbursable 1.3 1.3 Total 9.0 9.3 As of January 1999, staffing for the Radio-Frequency Technology Division included 56 full-time permanent positions, of which 50 were for technical professionals. There was also one nonpermanent or supplemental person, either a postdoctoral research associate or a part-time worker.
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Electromagnetic Technology Division Division Mission According to division documentation, the mission of the Electromagnetic Technology Division is to develop and promote advanced standards and measurement methods for the magnetics, electronics, and superconductor industries and their scientific communities, to employ phenomena based on magnetics, superconductivity, and cryoelectronics to create new standards, apparatus, and measurement technology; to advance the state of the art by basic research and development of requisite materials, fabrication techniques, and metrology; to provide new measurements, instrumentation, imaging and characterization tools, and standards in support of the magnetics industry; to develop measurement technology to determine basic properties of magnetic materials and structures with support from theoretical studies and modeling; to collaborate with the magnetic recording industry in development of metrology to support future recording heads and media with their ever-increasing data density; to use the unique properties of superconductors to invent and improve measurement methods for electromagnetic signals ranging from static voltages and magnetic fields to audio, microwave, infrared, visible, and x-ray frequencies; to lead the international community in setting standards for measurement of superconductor parameters; and to provide the metrology infrastructure needed for the industrial development of superconductors, both large and small scale. The KEEL and NIST missions focus on economic growth through the impact of metrology on high technology.
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The Electromagnetic Technology Division carries out programs in three areas: Superconductor Wire Measurements and Standards, National Electrical Standards and Superconducting Electronics, and Magnetic Data Storage. The pane} was impressed by the quality of the technical work in progress and wishes to highlight several of the division's recent accomplishments.
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In addition, this work makes important contributions to the field of specialized digital electronics and detectors, which remains a technically challenging area of long-term economic potential. The high-temperature thin film microwave electronics work and the associated effort in tunable ferroelectrics is a strong program that positions NIST to make significant contributions in an area undergoing rapid technological chance for which improved materials and new ~ ~ ~ - C;7 - Cat measurement techniques will clearly be needed.
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1 Total 7.9 8.9 As of January 1999, staffing for the Electromagnetic Technology Division included 38 full-time permanent positions, of which 34 were for technical professionals. There were also five nonpermanent and supplemental personnel, such as postdoctoral research associates and part-time workers.
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Optoelectronics Division Division Mission According to division documentation, the mission of the Optoelectronics Division is to provide the optoelectronics industry and its suppliers and customers with comprehensive and technically advanced measurement capabilities, standards, and traceability to those standards. The division mission is well stated and succinct and fits logically and completely within the overall NIST and KEEL missions.
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The activities of the division are managed within four technical group~Sources and Detectors, Fiber and Integrated Optics, Optical Components, and Optoelectronics Manufacturing Bach of which runs two projects. The Laser Radiometry project continues to provide well-established calibration services to industry for laser power and energy meters and detectors, as well as optical fiber power meters and detectors.
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Perhaps a tighter focus on fewer projects would be advisable, with an emphasis on metrology and the development of Standard Reference Data and Materials. The Semiconductor and Dielectric Materials and Devices projects aim to refine measurement techniques to determine compound semiconductor composition and thickness and to measure purities of source materials, properties of IlI-V native oxides, and parameters of gallium nitride (GaN)
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NIST-STRS, 5.6 6.0 excluding Competence ATP 0.2 0.3 Measurement Services 0.1 0.1 (SRM production) OA/NFG/CRADA 1.2 1.1 Other Reimbursable 0.3 0.3 Total 7.4 7.8 As of January 1999, staffing for the Optoelectronics Division included 37 full-time permanent positions, of which 33 were for technical professionals.
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Office of Microelectronics Programs According to laboratory documentation, the mission of the Of lice of Microelectronics Programs is to matrix-manage NIST technical activities in support of the silicon semiconductor industry and its infrastructure and to assist NIST management and staff to plan, execute, and deliver results of technical work to semiconductor industry participants. The OMP carries out this mission by administering the NIST-wide National Semiconductor Metrology Program (NSMP)
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The Electronics and Electrical Engineering Laboratory (KEEL) activities continue to produce important results and to have significant impact on relevant industries.
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