An Assessment of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Measurement and Standards Laboratories Fiscal Year 1999 (1999) / Chapter Skim
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Chapter 4 Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory
Chapter 4 Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory
Pages 55-88
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Chapter 4 Chemical Science and Tech Orology Laboratory
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2 ~ U.S. Department of Commerce, Technology Administration, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Chemical Sciences and Technology Laboratory Annual Report 1998, National institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Md., 1999.
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In addition, NIST staff are highly involved in the development of technology roadmaps for several different industries. For example, the laboratory staff have been leaders in the Vision 2020 program, which is putting 57
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Technical Merit and Appropriateness of Work The Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory provides leading-edge information to both expanding and more mature industries through work in five divisions: Biotechnology, Process Measurements, Surface and Microanalysis Science, Physical and Chemical Properties, and Analytical Chemistry. The breadth of scientific research and expertise in these divisions reflects the industries served by CSTE, including semiconductor, aerospace, biotechnology, chemical processing, health, and energy.
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Program is an excellent example of the ongoing effort of the CSTE to provide traceable resources to a broad spectrum of industries without placing an undue burden on laboratory staff. Further observations about the NTRM Program are provided in the section on the Analytical Chemistry Division.
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In addition to providing data and models, the laboratory staff created a database of refrigerant properties (REFPROP) , which provides easy access to property data on numerous pure fluids and a range of mixtures for engineers and researchers.
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NIST-STRS, 37.8 39.0 excluding Competence Competence 2.0 2.4 ATP 3.0 2.8 Measurement Services 2.3 2.l (SRM Production) OA/NFG/CRADA 9.6 12.6 Other Reimbursable 3.0 2.8 Total 57.7 61 .7 As of January ~ 999, staffing for the Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory included 276 full-time permanent positions, of which 240 were for technical professionals.
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Facilities improvement continues to be a major issue for the three remaining divisions: Process Measurements, Surface and Microanalysis Science, and Physical and Chemical Properties. Relocation of selected groups from these divisions to the Advanced Measurement Laboratory (AML)
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systems useful to U.S. industries e.g., sensors, diagnostics, and pharmaceutical research; Building expertise in bioprocessing and focusing on developing measurement techniques and reference data for the bioprocessing industry; and Emphasizing the expansion in bioinformatics related to the Protein DataBank.
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For this program to meet the Tong-term needs of companies in these areas, it watt be important to continue to emphasize industrial needs, which can best be understood through close industrial relationships and collaborations, analysis of Web site hits, attendance at workshops, and meetings to provide an ongoing assessment of the NIST program. The panel encourages further collaboration with molecular groups within NIST and CARB to assist in both defining needs for targeting future efforts and refining communication on the value of this type of data to the target industrial audience of bioprocess engineering.
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The group organized a well-attended workshop, "Standards for Nucleic Acid Diagnostic Applications," to determine appropriate standards for nucleic acid diagnostics needed by the emerging molecular diagnostics community. Presentations at this meeting covered specific standardization needs common to molecular diagnostic instrumentation, as well as methods to assist this community in measurement techniques and critical quality assurance procedures.
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Process Measurements Division Division Mission According to division documentation, the mission of the Process Measurements Division is to develop and provide measurement standards and services, measurement techniques, recommended practices, sensing devices, instrumentation, and mathematical models required for analysis, control, and optimization of industrial processes. Research is directed to uncover fundamental knowledge related to chemical process technology and to generate essential data in this field.
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thermometry scale; and the programs directed toward humidity standards, verification, and measurement. Below, the panel discusses other highlights ofthe division's programs and also comments on the general activities of each of the Process Measurements Division's five groups: Fluid Flow, Thermal and Reactive Processes, Process Sensing, Thermometry, and Pressure and Vacuum.
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Modeling of plasma ion dynamics and details of chemical kinetics are needed to understand fine-line, as well as "Iower-tech," plasma etching and cleaning techniques for process chambers. This effort has provided some provocative insight and an important interface with other research and development groups.
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humidity levels that are becoming vital to the semiconductor industry (as documented in the SIA Roadmap)
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1 Total 10.7 1 1.6 As of January 1 999, staffing for the Process Measurements Division included 59 fulltime permanent positions, of which 53 were for technical professionals. There were also 12 nonpermanent and supplemental personnel, such as postdoctoral research associates and parttime workers.
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demands near-term solution. ~7 ~- - ~ Surface and Microanalysis Science Division Division Mission According to division documentation, the mission of the Surface and Microanalysis Science Division is to serve as the nation's reference laboratory for chemical metrology research, standards, and data to characterize the spatial and temporal distribution of chemical species and to improve the accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and applicability of surface, microanalysis, and advanced isotope measurement techniques.
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To respond to the greatest industry need, the group focuses on the most popular instrumental methods. For example, existing reference materials and calibration techniques for Auger electron spectroscopy (AES)
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in collaboration with the Process Measurements and Analytical Chemistry Divisions, the Analytical Microscopy Group has developed a series of candidate frequency and intensity standards for the calibration of Raman spectrometers. Largely because of the recent development of high-aperture Raman spectrometers using charge-coupled device detectors, the use of these instruments has increased greatly, with applications ranging from fundamental science to process analysis and control.
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The panel encourages the division to seek out collaborations with the NIST OMP on projects related to metrology needs of the semiconductor industry. The Surface and Microanalysis Science Division expertise in microscopy, spectroscopy, and data analysis could be leveraged to reduce the time required to deliver key composition and critical dimension standards for the semiconductor industry.
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There were many collaborations during ~998 with instrument manufacturers and members of the semiconductor, oil, biotechnology, and aerospace industries. Expanded use of telepresence microscopy methods will further enable the division to collaborate with and support industrial partners by providing advanced analytical methods without a significant capital equipment investment.
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OA/NFG/CRADA 2.1 2.5 Other Reimbursable 0.3 0.1 Total 7.7 8.4 As of January 1999, staffing for the Surface and Microanalysis Science Division included 36 full-time permanent positions, of which 33 were for technical professionals. There were also ~ 7 nonpermanent and supplemental personnel, such as postdoctoral research associates and parttime workers.
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Physical and Chemical Properties Division Division Mission According to division documentation, the mission of the Physical and Chemical Properties Division is to be the nation's reference laboratory for measurements, standards, data, and models for the thermophysical and thermochemical properties of gases, liquids, and solids, both pure materials and mixtures; the rates and mechanisms of chemical reactions in the gas and liquid phases; and fluid-based physical processes and systems, including separations, lowtemperature refrigeration, and low-temperature heat transfer and flow. The programs of this division comply with NIST's mission to promote economic growth by working closely with industry.
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believes this mechanism provides excellent and effective priority-setting and project assessment criteria. Technical Merit and Appropriateness of Work The Physical and Chemical Properties Division conducts work that is unsurpassed in making fundamental measurements of thermodynamic properties.
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The Chemical Reference Data and Modeling Group compiles, evaluates, correlates, and disseminates SRDs. It also develops and disseminates electronic databases and software for thermodynamics, chemical kinetics, mass spectroscopy, and IR spectra.
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Current activities include achievement of technology transfer status for the cryogenic catheter for treatment of heart arrhythmia and abnormal uterine bleeding and measurement and correlation of microscale heat transfer for cryogenic applications. In collaboration with the Mathematical and Computational Sciences Division, group staff have developed a computer mode]
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Although division management would prefer the level of external support to be closer to the CSTE average of 1 7 percent, competing for grants and other funds is a healthy process that ensures the division research teams remain at the forefront of their fields. As of January 1 999, staffing for the Physical and Chemical Properties Division included 65 full-time permanent positions, of which 54 were for technical professionals.
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The Analytical Chemistry Division is the fundamental chemical metrology component of CSTE and NTST, and the division mission is fully and effectively integrated into the overall mission and goals of both. Divisional programs provide measurement standards, accurate and reliable compositional data, and research in measurement science.
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These programs are carried out within five groups: Spectrochemical Methods (newly renamed) , Organic Analytical Methods, Gas Metrology and Classical Methods, Molecular Spectrometry and Microfluidic Methods, and Nuclear Methods.
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The Organic Analytical Methods Group focuses its research and application efforts on the areas of clinical, nutritional, environmental, and forensic analysis, with priority given to national and international measurement comparability. There is a heavy emphasis on high-resolution mass spectrometric methods to unequivocally identify species isolated at low concentrations by various separation techniques.
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conducts research on the metrology of molecular spectrometry, develops standards for calibration, validates performance of instruments for measuring molecular spectra, and conducts research on microfluidic devices. In collaboration with the Process Measurements Division, this group has begun a project on microfabricated analytical devices that will receive NIST competence funding for 5 years beginning in ~ 999.
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However, although the division is well situated in the international reference material community, it is lacking a coordinated effort that could have an impact on international measurement science, particularly with respect to world trade. Division Resources follows: Funding sources for the Anal~vtical Chemistry Division (in millions of dollars)
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As of January 1999, staffing for the Analytical Chemistry Division included 66 full-time permanent positions, of which 61 were for technical professionals. There were also 3 ~ nonpermanent and supplemental personnel, such as postdoctoral research associates and parttime workers.
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was especially pleased to note that the update to the gas-phase kinetic database has finally been released by the Physical and Chemical Properties Division. In the spirit of continuous improvement, the pane!
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