Cooperative Stewardship Managing the Nation's Multidisciplinary User Facilities for Research with Synchrotron Radiation, Neutrons, and High Magnetic Fields (1999) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 7-14
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From page 7... ...
Each facility consists of a core that generates the desired photons, neutrons, or high magnetic fields, together with a surrounding array of experimental units that enable users to apply these commodities in their research. Typically, funding for construction and operation of the facility core comes from a single agency (the steward)
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From page 8... ...
In the last decade, growth in the numbers of both facilities and users has strained the budgets of funding agencies. While ad hoc methods have provided additional operating funds for the facilities, the funding agencies still struggle to upgrade and run the facilities while maintaining support for their traditional mission area research programs at efficient levels.
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From page 9... ...
synchrotron user facility inventory includes five dedicated user facilities and one parasitic facility.5 Neutron Source Facilities Neutron beams can be generated either by nuclear reactors (continuous beams) or by accelerator-based devices called spallation sources (pulsed beams)
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From page 10... ...
The U.S. facility inventory includes three reactor-based neutron sources and two spallation sources.6 High-Magnetic-Field Facilities Magnetic field research has always been conducted at dedicated facilities because the importance of the responses of matter to magnetic fields has been obvious for more than two centuries.
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From page 11... ...
As the table shows, replacing the core portion of the existing user facilities would cost over $5 billion. The annual operating costs of the cores of 7 Data provided to the committee by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Department of Energy, on November 5, 1998; Sol Gruner, CHESS, May 5, 1999; and James Taylor, SRC, May 17, 1999.
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From page 12... ...
Core Facility Funding Because of its historical responsibility for atomic energy, the Department of Energy supports most of the nation's synchrotron light sources and neutron sources. DOE responsibility for most of the facilities has been assigned to the Office of Basic Energy Sciences; responsibility for LANSCE is shared between DOE's defense program and basic energy sciences.
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From page 13... ...
On the research floor of a single facility, there could be hardware purchased by several divisions of both DOE and NSF, by several NIH institutes and divisions, by nonprofit organizations such as the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and by for-profit corporations. The widely varied user research projects are similarly supported by diverse sources.
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From page 14... ...
However, neutron facilities now appear to be moving toward a system similar to that in place in the synchrotron light sources: for example, the current upgrade at LANSCE will involve instrument construction through spectrometer development teams. The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory funding for instrumentation is predominantly provided by NSF and the state of Florida.
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