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B2 C3 to C8 Aliphatic Saturated Aldehydes
Pages 42-59

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From page 42... ... Johnson Space Center Toxicology Group Medical Operations Branch Houston, Texas PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES The chemical and physical properties for C3 to C8, straight-chain, aliphatic aldehydes are shown in Table 2-1. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde have been previously reviewed, and spacecraft maximum allowable concentrations (SMACs) Read the entire page →
From page 43... ... TOXICOKINETICS AND METABOLISM Absorption No specific data were found on the absorption of C3-CS aldehyde vapors in the respiratory tract. Based on data from acetaldehyde exposures in humans, the aliphatic saturated aldehydes should be well adsorbed in the respiratory tract at concentrations of 100 ppm or less (Egle ~ 970~. Read the entire page →
From page 44... ... The branched aldehyde was a more effective inducer than the straight-chain aldehyde. TOXICITY SUMMARY The toxicity data base on aliphatic saturated aldehydes was extensive; however, there are important deficiencies, especially in terms of the effects of acute exposures on humans, the sublethal effects of short-term exposures on animals, and the effects of chronic exposure in animals and humans. Read the entire page →
From page 45... ... 1985~. The RDso data show that sensory irritation properties within this group of aIdehydes are roughly comparable, but there is no clear trend of decreased irritancy with increasing molecular weight or chain branching. Read the entire page →
From page 46... ... in which four male and four female rats were exposed 20 times to propanal at 90 ppm for 6 h. The experimental design called for observation of clinical signs, urine chemistry tests at the end of exposures, hematology, gross pathology, and histopathology of the lungs, liver, kidney, spleen, adrenals, and occasionally the heart, jejunum, ileum, and thymus. Read the entire page →
From page 47... ... 1998~. One reason for doing the cancer bioassay was that some larger saturated aldehydes induce hepatic peroxisome proliferation and could present a cancer risk at high doses administered for prolonged periods. Read the entire page →
From page 48... ... Interactions with Other Chemicals No data were found to suggest that aTiphatic saturated aldehydes interact with other compounds to modify toxic effects. Read the entire page →
From page 49... ... 49 A: a' by tip) Read the entire page →
From page 50... ... so s cD I' of ~ Lo I) Read the entire page →
From page 51... ... 51 - 44 cat ad A, I, A, us 'e 'e .O to ~ o o to � 'e ~ .~ ._ "D ~ cO - ~ en au Is ;^ A ce v: c) Read the entire page →
From page 52... ... Group SMACs for aliphatic saturated aidehydes depended on the completeness of the toxicity data base and whether the compounds exhibit similar toxicities. The toxicity of aIdehydes has been reviewed previously by the National Research Council (NRC 1981~. Read the entire page →
From page 53... ... This conservative approach suggests that 10 ppm would be safely below concentrations that could induce irritation in humans even after prolonged exposure. Tt is also reasonably consistent with 13 ppm estimated above from the human data. Read the entire page →
From page 54... ... There are three possible ways to approach the problem of setting ACs for exposures that far exceed the 120-h duration of exposures in the data base. The approachs are as follows: (1) Read the entire page →
From page 55... ... 19981. In view of that recent report, the ACs to prevent potential liver injury based on hepatocyte vacuolization in rats by propanal are probably conservative. Read the entire page →
From page 56... ... 56 CQ o Ct o _4 Cal � Q U) Read the entire page →
From page 57... ... Additional long-term animal inhalation studies would be useful in defining whether any ofthese aldehydes can induce organ damage outside the respiratory system. Read the entire page →
From page 58... ... Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. NRC (National Research Council) Read the entire page →
From page 59... ... Pp. 91-120 in Spacecraft Maximum Allowable Concentrations for Selected Airborne Contaminants, Vol. Read the entire page →

From page 42...

... Johnson Space Center Toxicology Group Medical Operations Branch Houston, Texas PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES The chemical and physical properties for C3 to C8, straight-chain, aliphatic aldehydes are shown in Table 2-1. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde have been previously reviewed, and spacecraft maximum allowable concentrations (SMACs)

B2 C3 to C8 Aliphatic Saturated Aldehydes Pages 42-59

B2 C3 to C8 Aliphatic Saturated Aldehydes
Pages 42-59