Personnel Needs and Training for Biomedical and Behavioral Research 1978 Report (1978) / Chapter Skim
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1 Introduction and Summary of Numerical Recommendations, Fiscal Years 1980-82
1 Introduction and Summary of Numerical Recommendations, Fiscal Years 1980-82
Pages 1-29
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From page 1... ...
Beyond these continuing objectives, the Committee in this year ' s re por t at t empt s to e xt end i t s knowl edge of the tra i n i ng process in several new directions. First, the Committee examines the impact that red uct ion s i n tra in i ng grant support in the ear ly 1970's have hat on full-time enrollment levels and program activities in the basic biomedical and behavioral sciences (Chapters 2 and 3 )
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basic biomedical sciences, 2 ~ behavioral sciences, 3 ~ clinical sciences, and 4 ~ heal th serv ices research . A panel of experts was formed to assist the Committee in each area, and an additional panel was created to guide the data collection and analyses.
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Accordingly, the Committee recommended a modest reduction in the number of federally supported predoctoral students in the basic biomedical and behavioral areas. Postdoctoral support, the Committee believed, should be held constant in the basic biomedical sciences and increased in other areas.
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Within the context of these previous efforts, the Committee will now proceed to discuss the issues pertinent to this year's report . TRAINING GRANTS AND THE QUALITY OF TRAINING Most training grant programs were or iginally focused on the apparent need for increasing the number of well-trained research Personnel.
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From page 5... ...
Similarly, graduate schools that have a reputation for turning out the best graduate students tend to attract the best entering students. They are also, generally speaking, the same schools to be judged most worthy of training grants by peer review bodies.
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Many of these instruments require special training for their use, and it is the custom in good training laboratories to assign a high ~ eve, technician to protect the apparatus from misuse and train the graduate students and vi siting investigators in its proper handling . Such personnel are often at least partially paid from training grants and certainly play an essential role in the training process .
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Indeed, it regards the maintenance of such quality as a major reason for the maintenance of the training grants program, although the primary need is no longer for increased numbers (except for a few fields highlighted elsewhere in the report)
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These ad j usted citation indices are being constantly refined and are beginning to be used, at least tentative! y, as suggested measures of the significance or qua' ity of scientific output of part icular research units or ind ividual invest igators .
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Because of the relevance of these studies to assessments of supply and demand for research personnel in the biomedical and behavioral sciences, the findings of that Committee will be studied with much interest.
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Providing opportunities for minorities and women in fields in which their participation has heretofore been minimal will require midcareer opportunities for training in these fields. For minorities, the attractiveness of immediate emit oyment opportunities following receipt of the doctorate may divert some from needed postdoctoral training and, once they are employed, abnormally high administrative and student counseling demands become obstacles to achieving high research productivity.
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As in last year's report the Committee recommends that t~he federal government continue to support and maintain both training grant and fel~ owship programs in the biornedical and behavioral sciences. Specific recommendations for each of the broad areas are reported in the fo~ lowing chaoters.
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y identif fed in thi s report . Agency training data for these f ields also have been previously reported partially wi thin the basic biomedical sciences and partial y within the clinical sciences.
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2 and Figure 1.1 show the numerical recommendations of the Commi ttee for FY 1980-82, by training area, program type ~ traineeship or fellowship) , and academic level ~ predoctora~ or postdoctoral )
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I e '~ I 0 o ~ - - o oo ~ I ° ° ° I ° ° ° I m ° - - ~ ~ °' °' ac 1 1 1 1 => ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ o o o c o o ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ o c o o 1~, 1 1 1 1 =~ ~F ~ r" ~ ~ 0 cr~ ~ ~ ~ r~ n ~ 0 ~ 0 0 0 0 0 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ o o.
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~n ~ i4 ~n z ~ r~ co o 0 o, O .
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Clinical Sciences ~ Postdoctorals and Total _ ~ ____ cD ~ ~ 2 '' Total Predoctoral O~ ~ ~——C~~~~~ "o __;~`Postdoctoral I ~ I ~ 0 ] 975 1977 16379 t98t z ~ FISCALYEAR {d} Elehavioral Sciences FIGURE 1.]
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rq a' o CD a' 10 0 ~ I: o ~ ~ Ch b 111 O O eC ~4 _ ~ t)
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Est~tod Total Training Coats Per Award in P-f 1976 (dollars) Predoctoral Postdoctoral FY 1976 Biomod Behavioral Clinical Health Sen,.
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See Committee reports for 1976 and 1977 19 1
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Attention was also directed to predoctora, priority training areas and to training needs in such areas as epidemiology, toxicology, and the eva~uat ion of heal th serv ices. Particul ar considerat ion was g iven to the special needs of research in the clinical sciences carried on by investigators wi th professional degrees in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine, clinical psychos ogy, anti nur sing .
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. Survey of Biomedical and Behavioral Science Departments This survey, hereafter referred to as the Department Survey, was designed to serve a variety of purposes relating to training and labor market issues in the basic biomedical and behavioral science areas.
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In conj unction with a survey form used to col1 eat basic information describing enrollment trends, faculty activities, and research devel opment, deans at ~ 5 school s of nursing were interviewed by Commi ttee staff ~ Findings from these surveys ~ Appendix I ~ suggest that doctoral programs have been proli ferating at a rate faster than that at which research and the number of research faculty have been growing at these institutions. These findings, together with Committee recommendations, are presented in Chapter 6.
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C ., to di scuss with representat Ives from a variety of employment settings current and anticipated empl oyment opportunities for thi s type of invest igator. Evidence provided by conference participants led the Committee to conclude that there is an urgent need to provide skill ed investigators to conduct research relevant to the implementation of such federal ly mandated orograms as Health Systems Agencies (HSA)
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~ RELATED STUDIE S Study of Postdoctorals The Committee is al so for lowing the work of the MRC Committee on Postdoctorals and Doctoral Research Staf f in Science and Eng ineering, which is studying the changing rol es of these personnel in science and engineering fields and the imp1 ications for federal and institutional pot icy decisions. This study wit ~ address a number of issues pertinent to the need for biomedical and behavioral research personnel incl uding ~ ~ the character of the contribution of postdoctoral appointees to the research ef fort of their host departments and laboratories; 2)
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From page 27... ...
NIMH Professional Training Assessment During its del iterations regarding training needs for health professionals in mental heal th research (Chapter 3) , the Committee and its Panel on Behavioral Sciences util i zed the f indings of the 1972-73 National Institute of Mental Heal th (NIMH)
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The Committee looks forward to the continued availabil ity of such information from the Division of Manpower and Training Programs of NIMH.
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FOOTNOTE I - The NIH training programs in the field of mental health are small compared to those of ADAMHA.
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