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Promoting Health Intervention Strategies from Social and Behavioral Research (2000) / Chapter Skim
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Introduction
Pages 1-5

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From page 1...
... Approximately half of all causes of mortality in the United States are linked to social and behavioral factors such as smoking, diet, alcohol use, sedentary life-style, and accidents (McGinnis and Foege, 1993~. Yet less than 5% of the approximately $1 trillion spent annually on health care in the United States is devoted to reducing risks posed by these preventable conditions (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1992, Health Care Financing Administration, 2000~.
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From page 2...
... Three papers examine specific "levers" for public health intervention: media and public health marketing, legislation and public policy, and efforts to enhance the social capital of communities. In addition, one paper was commissioned to provide a review of psychosocial and biobehavioral interventions in disease processes, an area of research that offers promise to uncover specific mechanisms linking social and behavioral forces to health.
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From page 3...
... First, many of the risks for disease and poor health functioning are shared by large numbers of people. Stress, insufficient financial and social supports, poor diet, environmental exposures, community factors and characteristics, and many other health risks may be addressed by one-to-one intervention efforts, but such efforts do little to address the broader social and economic forces that influence these risks.
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From page 4...
... Likewise, the marked reduction in motor vehicle crash deaths and injuries that has been achieved over the past 50 years is due largely to improvements in the design of crashworthy automobiles, the construction of safer roadways, and to recent changes in social norms regarding alcohol use and seat-belt use (Institute of Medicine, 1998, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1999~. A fourth reason for an environmental approach to disease prevention and health promotion is that while some behavioral interventions have succeeded in improving health behaviors, many narrow, individually focused models of behavior change have proven insufficient in helping people to change high-risk behavior.
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From page 5...
... They also experience higher rates of most malignancies, infectious and parasitic diseases, unintentional injuries, poisoning and violence, perinatal mortality, diabetes, and musculoskeletal impairments. A similarly broad range of diseases has been observed in relation to smoking, poor diet, stress, physical inactivity, inadequate social support, and other psychological and social factors.
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Key Terms

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  • behavior change
  • social factors
  • intervention efforts
  • social environmental

  • broader social
  • health interventions
  • influence health
  • health risks
  • improve health

  • intervention strategies
  • behavioral interventions
  • behavioral factors
  • ecological model
  • successful programs

  • factor intervention
  • risk factor
  • poor diet
  • multiple risk
  • intervention trial

  • dramatic decline
  • improved nutrition
  • care financing
  • involved research
  • similarly broad

  • preventable conditions
  • improving health
  • community factors
  • primarily due
  • differences shape


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