Basic Research Opportunities in Earth Science (2001) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix A: Earth Science Programs
Appendix A: Earth Science Programs
Pages 125-146
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Appendixes
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supports research in the solid-Earth sciences geology, geochemistry, geophysics and continental hydrology. EAR is part of the Geosciences Directorate of NSF, along with the Ocean Sciences Division (OCE)
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. Coordinates the division's efforts to improve Earth science education and provides liaison between the Earth science research community and NSF's Directorate for Education and Human Resources.
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- ~ ~ 7 ~) =~ 4~ National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program.
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Source of Funds Research Programs AT 1.0 EAR/tectonics CSEDI 1.0 EARJgeophysics ESH 6.1 EAR/geology and paleontology, EAR/continental dynamics, EAR/instrumentation and facilities, ATM, OCE, OPP, NOAA KGB 2.3 EAR/hydrologic sciences, ATM, OCE ICDP 0.7 EAR/continental dynamics, USGS LExEn 0.3 EAR/geology and paleontology, BIO, ENG, ATM, DMS, OPP, NASA MARGINS 0.3 EAR/continental dynamics, OCE, ODP NEHRP 11.3 EAR/continental dynamics, EAR/instrumentation and facilities, EAR/geophysics, ENG, USGS, NIST, FEMA RUI not avail. Individual EAR programs Water and Watersheds 0.3 EAR/hydrology, EPA, USDA WEAVE 2.5 EAR/hydrologic sciences, EAR/instrumentation and facilities, ATM, RIO Science and Technology Centers CHiPR 1.8 SCEC 2.5 EARJinstrumentation and facilities, OIA EARJgeophysics, OIA Education Programs CAREER 0.2 Individual EAR programs, NSF-wide Postdoctoral Research Fellowships 0.7 EARJeducation and human resources, NSF-wide REU sites 0.6 EAR/education and human resources, NSF-wide RPG 0.2 EARJeducation and human resources, NSF-wide Other educational activities 0.6 EAR/education and human resources NOTE: BIO = Biological Sciences Directorate (NSF)
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; 0PP = Office of Polar Programs (NSF) ; REU = Research Experience for Undergraduates; RAG = Research Planning Grants arid career advancement; RUI = Research in Undergraduate Institutions; SCEC = Southern California Earthquake Center; USDA = U.S.
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The REU program has been successful in getting students involved with cutting-edge research and pursuing careers in the Earth sciences. Many of the STCs host REU sites, and similar sites could be built into EarthScope or the natural laboratory program proposed in this report.
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U.S. Geological Survey The USGS is the nation's primary provider of Earth science information on geologic hazards and resources and the nation's geologic framework.
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Major topics of research within the Geologic Division include geologic hazards, landscapes and coasts, and Earth resources: · Earthquake Hazards Program supports research on earthquake characteristics, disseminates information to the public on the likelihood and potential effects of moderate to large earthquakes in high-risk regions, and assesses the risks of aftershocks and related ground motion following an earthquake. Major program elements include the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP)
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· National Research Program supports investigations on ground- and surface-water chemistry, ground- and surface-water hydrology, geomorphology, sediment transport, and ecology as they affect water resources. EAR collaborations with USGS tend to focus on Earth science research, continental drilling, and arrays of geophysical instruments.
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These research activities are supported by a network of laboratories and national user facilities, such as synchrotron light sources, as well as by highresolution microscopy, spectroscopy, and geophysical imaging tools. EAR-DOE collaborations focus on synchrotron facilities, although DOE was also a major contributor to the continental drilling program until 1995.
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was available in FY 1999 for peerreviewed research and data analysis in these topics. Major Earth science research programs within the space sciences part of NASA include the following: · Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program supports scientific investigations of planetary surfaces and interiors, satellites, and smaller solar system bodies such as asteroids and comets.
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The budget for this program was $24 million, of which half was devoted to research and half to infrastructure. · Land Surface Hydrology Program supports research on the scientific basis of water resources management and the role of water in land-atmosphere interactions.
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FEMA supports research related to the Critical Zone, particularly studies related to mitigation, response, recovery, and loss estimation for all natural hazards, as well as surveys and studies of flood hazard and erosion. FEMA also supports the multiagency National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program.
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The Plant, Microbial, and Insect Genetic Resources, Genomics, and Genetic Improvement Program supports research on microbial cycling of elements and associated new biotechnologies. Finally, the Plant Biological and Molecular Processes Program supports research on the responses of plant growth and development to the environment, and the nature of environmental, physical, and chemical messengers that trigger developmental changes in plants.
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· Ocean Sciences Division supports research and instrumentation development relevant to geobiology, the Critical Zone, and EarthScope. The Biological Oceanography Program supports research on the relationships between marine organisms and their interactions with the geochemical and physical environment, including molecular, cellular, and biochemical studies, evolutionary ecology, and sometimes systematic biology and paleoecology.
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(see Box A.2~. Finally, the Coastal Ocean Processes Program supports research on the physical and meteorological processes that affect biological productivity, sedimentary processes, and chemical transformations in the coastal ocean system.
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