• COVER 1-1

• TABLE OF CONTENTS 2-2

• A. Statement of the Problem 3-3

• B. Background 4-8

• II. STATUTORY AND REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS THAT RELATE TO PHYSICAL ABILITY TESTING OF TRANSIT EMPLOYEES 9-9

• A. Drug and Alcohol Testing 10-13

• B. Commercial Driver's License/Medical Requirements 14-14

• C. Occupational Safety and Health Requirements 15-16

• D. School Bus Drivers 17-17

• III. LEGAL RESTRICTIONS ON PHYSICAL ABILITY TESTING 18-18

• A. Title VII 19-31

• B. Prohibitions Against Discrimination Based on Physical Disability 32-46

• C. Age Discrimination in Employment Act 47-47

• D. Family and Medical Leave 48-49

• E. Search and Seizure 50-51

• A. Tort/Workers Compensation Liability for Injuries Suffered During Physical Ability Test 52-52

• B. Legal Ramifications of Lifestyle Restriction 53-57

• V. TRANSIT AGENCY PRACTICES 58-58

• C. Intercity Transit 59-59

• F. LA Metro 60-60

• H. Tri-Met 61-61

• A. Summary of Legal Parameters 62-62

• B. Considerations in Formulating Testing Policy 63-64

• C. More Is Not Necessarily Better 65-65

• VII. CONCLUSIONS 66-66

• Appendix A: State Family and Medical Leave Statutes 67-68

• Appendix B: State EEO Statutes, Regulations, and Agencies 69-72

• Appendix C: Transit Agency Questionnaire 73-86

• Appendix D: State Agency Questionnaire 87-94

• ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 95-95

• BACK COVER 96-96

Waite, Jocelyn K, Transportation Research Board " A. Title VII ." TCRP Legal Research Digest 34: Application of Physical Ability Testing to Current Workforce of Transit Employees . Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2010 .

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