Nutrition and Traumatic Brain Injury Improving Acute and Subacute Health Outcomes in Military Personnel (2011) / Chapter Skim
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5 Acquiring Resilience to TBI Prior to Injury
5 Acquiring Resilience to TBI Prior to Injury
Pages 69-78
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From page 69... ...
INTRODUCTION Over time, both the North American Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) and the Military Dietary Reference Intakes (MDRIs)
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. The Army, the lead agency, is tasked with the responsibility to "establish nutritional standards of meals served to military personnel subsisting under normal operating conditions and while under simulated or actual combat conditions" and "establish nutritional standards for operational rations and restricted rations." Each military service is responsible for ensuring there are mechanisms in place to meet nutritional standards in menus, including compliance requirements in contracts with food service operations.
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From page 71... ...
3,600 (3,220–3,910) μg/d Iodine 150 150 150 150 μg/d Selenium 55 55 55 55 4c 3c Fluoride mg/d 4.0 3.1 4,700c 4,700c Potassium mg/d 3,200 2,500 a Values for energy, protein, and associated nutrients are expressed as average daily nutrient intakes and based on moderate activity levels and reference body weights of 79 kg (174 lb)
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The MDRIs consider military circumstances that affect nutrient requirements, such as the need for higher intake of energy and some minerals when performing intensely demanding physical tasks in a variety of environments (e.g., extremes of altitude or temperature)
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Similar nutrition education in other services may also be appropriate, as well as nutrition education targeted to particular military situations or concerns, e.g., specific to TBI when the likelihood of this type of injury is high. The Soldier Fueling Initiative provides additional concrete examples of how to use menu-planning items when menu standards are modified (e.g., the inclusion of more foods high in specific nutrients)
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From page 74... ...
identified the need for ongoing monitoring of usual dietary intake that included both food and dietary supplements to serve as the basis of nutrition policies, and this report likewise identifies that as a critical gap in knowledge. Table 5-2 summarizes the NHANES data on dietary intakes for comparable U.S.
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Magnesium 64 67 NHANES 05–06 53 56 <3 Iron 10 Zinc 11 17 <3 Copper 10 <3 <3 Selenium Percent Less Than Adequate Intake Vitamin K 80 59 > 97 Potassium 94 > 97 Dietary fiber 92 Linoleic acid 18:2 47 44 Linolenic acid 18:3 47 39 SOURCES: Adapted from Moshfegh et al., 2005, 2009. consumption of beverages and dietary supplements or medications may reduce caffeine's cognitive and physical performance–enhancing benefits.
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From page 76... ...
. However, there were substantial differences in the use of dietary supplements other than vitamins and minerals, especially protein and amino acid supplements.
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From page 77... ...
on food consumption and nutrient intakes in theater to enable meaningful recommendations for preventive nutrition prior to the occurrence of TBI. A clear picture of the nutrient and food intake characterizing the nutritional profile accompanying various severities and stages of TBI is likewise necessary to make nutrition recommendations for TBI recovery.
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2008. Increases in cerebrospinal fluid caffeine concentration are associated with favorable outcome after severe traumatic brain injury in humans.
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