Individual Differences and the "High-Risk" Commercial Driver (2004) / Chapter Skim
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3.2 Models of Driver Error and Risk
3.2 Models of Driver Error and Risk
Pages 14-16
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From page 14... ...
Rather than using the discredited term "accident proneness," a more appropriate term that reflects the empirical evidence may be "differential crash risk." To the extent that this differential risk is enduring, it probably reflects constitutional or other long-term personal traits. To the extent that it varies across time, it may reflect chance variation or changeable traits such as age, maturation, or learning by experience.
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From page 15... ...
The truck-driver–associated "critical reasons" were classi15 fied according to the same human factors classification as used in the Indiana Tri-Level Study and occurred as follows: • Recognition error: 14% • Decision error: 15% • Performance error: 2% • Driver non-performance: 3% Another common classification for driver errors resulting in crashes is as follows (Dewer and Olson 2002) : • Rule-based (failure to obey rules or regulations)
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From page 16... ...
. Rimmo's classification, with examples, follows: • Violations – Deciding to drive when known to be very fatigued – Deliberately exceeding speed limits – Accelerating at green-to-yellow signal change • Mistakes – Misjudging gap when crossing traffic – Misjudging speed of oncoming vehicle – Misjudging stopping distance • Inattention Errors – Failing to notice red light at intersection – Failing to see that vehicle has stopped in lane ahead – Failing to notice sign • Inexperience Errors – Having to check gear with hand – Driving in too low a gear – Switching on wrong appliance in truck Figure 6 shows a schematic of how the four error types contribute to driver risk.
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