Aircraft Noise: A Toolkit for Managing Community Expectations (2009) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 87-110
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From page 87... ...
Although some airports may be equipped and staffed to address the issues on a daily basis, planning for the compatibility between the airport and its neighbors is an infrequent activity for most airports, usually happening only once every five to 10 years in a comprehensive analysis. The elements of noise compatibility planning include the definition of existing and projected aircraft noise levels around the airport, the identification of land use patterns and their relationship to the noise exposure levels, and the development of operational or land use management measures to enhance the compatibility between aircraft noise levels and underlying land uses.
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From page 88... ...
(PL 90-411) – This Act added aircraft noise to the areas under the jurisdiction of the Federal Aviation Administration.
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From page 89... ...
(PL 92-574) – This Act amended the Federal Aviation Act to include "public health and welfare" as a consideration for noise abatement planning.
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From page 90... ...
During the period since 2003, Congress has passed continuing resolutions to fund the several reauthorizations of Vision 100 to continue program funding without interruption. FAA Orders and Guidance on Environmental Planning In addition to the regulation of aircraft noise assessment set forth under 14 CFR Parts 36, 91, 150, and 161 described in the previous section, the Federal Aviation Administration has established Environmental Orders and supplemental guidance for the evaluation of aircraft noise within the larger context of the assessment of all environmental consequences of an airportrelated development or planning action.
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From page 91... ...
(145) opened the door to the theory that communities cannot use police powers to control aircraft noise if the community is not the owner or operator of the airport.
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From page 92... ...
The shrinkage of 92 Aircraft Noise: A Toolkit for Managing Community Expectations
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From page 93... ...
Some airports, like Dallas Fort Worth International Airport and Los Angeles International Airport have maintained contours from many years ago as the control for land use management and mitigation planning, even though more current contours might indicate less area within them. The FAA has established a policy to not fund mitigation of residential properties that have been constructed within the published area of incompatibility at an airport.
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From page 94... ...
Cumulative versus Single Event Noise Levels Observers frequently complain that cumulative noise measures such as DNL or CNEL or LEQ do not adequately reflect the noise levels heard. When they compare the significant DNL level of 94 Aircraft Noise: A Toolkit for Managing Community Expectations
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From page 95... ...
The misunderstanding is even more aggravated by calling the cumulative noise level the "average aircraft noise level", when in truth, it is the total aircraft noise energy distributed over 86,400 seconds during a day, and includes the many seconds during the day when aircraft noise is not present. The components of the cumulative noise measure must be clearly understood to be a derivative of the sum of the noise energy of every event that occurs during the period under consideration, divided by the number of seconds during that period.
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From page 96... ...
Prepares environmental reviews on federal development actions at airports Must manage for the safe and expeditious flow of air traffic. Prepares environmental reviews on airspace and flight procedure modifications May establish state requirements to monitor noise levels or evaluate a change of environmental noise associated with proposed action Loudness of individual aircraft airframe and engine design Set general policy for aircraft noise levels and compatibility Sets standards by size and number of engines for landing and takeoff noise None None Location of takeoff routes None Establishes and manages routes in accordance with requirements for safety and efficiency of flow Usually none.
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From page 97... ...
May add number of routes through improved instrumentation for landing IFR – fly routes assigned by ATC. VFR – fly where desired assuring separation from other traffic None for noise abatement Fly to procedures set by FAA and within capabilities of aircraft None for noise abatement Develop and train on standardized procedures within capabilities published by manufacturers Publish information about aircraft capability for use by operators None None None None Maintain aircraft to continue to meet standards May request changes May request changes Aircraft Operators Airport Neighbors Operate in accordance with assigned runway from FAA-ATCT.
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From page 98... ...
May require periodic reporting of achievements or changes in noise exposure levels Recommends appropriate land uses compatible with airport operations and noise based on DNL noise levels None May require completion of state environmental documentation prior to acquisition May fund part of the acquisition cost if included in an approved Part 150 Noise Compatibility Program or as mitigation in an approved EIS Zoning for compatible land use None None None Residential density control through subdivision design None None None Modify building codes to improve sound insulation on construction None Sound insulation of existing structures None None Noise level disclosure None None None May provide statewide guidance for compatibility, and methodology for zoning coordination Typically, none None None Typically, none Typically, none May fund part of the program cost if included in an approved Part 150 Noise Compatibility Program or as mitigation in an approved EIS May require notifications within given noise levels or distances from airport Table 6-1. (Continued)
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From page 99... ...
May express preferences, but unless the jurisdiction is the airport owner, will not have an active authority in process None, unless the airport has jurisdiction over land uses in the airport environs None None May review and comment through any hearing process associated with zoning or building codes None None May review and comment through any hearing process associated with zoning or building codes None None May review and comment through any hearing process associated with zoning or building codes None None None, unless an affected property owner None, unless the airport has jurisdiction over land uses in the airport environs None None May be obligated to disclose noise levels in any property transfer Sets zoning policy and establishes code within jurisdiction. Hears zoning change cases.
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From page 100... ...
For example, persons residing within the 65 DNL contour typically are considered to be adversely impacted by aircraft noise, if the 65 DNL contour has been determined to be the threshold of significant noise exposure. Conversely, persons residing beyond the 65 DNL contour are not considered to be adversely impacted by noise to a significant degree, but rather may be affected by aircraft noise.
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From page 101... ...
If an owner, may negotiate terms after being contacted by the initiating party None None None None None May review and comment through any hearing process associated with zoning or building codes May require easements as a condition of zoning change or subdivision approval in areas of elevated noise, or within a designated distance from the airport May fund and manage easement acquisition programs for mitigation of existing uses and lands that are at risk for incompatible development. If eligible, partial funding is required If a change of zoning is required, must hear and approve or deny proposed transfer of development rights from one parcel to another May be an active participant in a swap of development rights or facilitator of transfers among others None, unless an affected property owner.
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From page 102... ...
(145) 102 Aircraft Noise: A Toolkit for Managing Community Expectations Decibel Level Duration - Seconds Energy Units – Day Energy Units – Night 1 1 1 10 10 10 100 50 50 500 10 1 10 100 10 100 1000 50 500 5000 20 1 100 1000 10 1000 10000 50 5000 50000 30 1 1000 10000 10 10000 100000 50 50000 500000 40 1 10000 100000 10 100000 1000000 50 500000 5000000 50 1 100000 1 x 106 10 1000000 1 x 107 50 5000000 5 x 107 60 1 1 x 106 1 x 107 10 1 x 107 1 x 108 50 5 x 107 5 x 108 70 1 1 x 107 1 x 108 10 1 x 108 1 x 109 50 5 x 108 5 x 109 80 1 1 x 108 1 x 109 10 1 x 109 1 x 1010 50 5 x 109 5 x 1010 90 1 1 x 109 1 x 1010 10 1 x 1010 1 x 1011 50 5 x 1010 5 x 1011 100 1 1 x 1010 1 x 1011 10 1 x 1011 1 x 1012 50 5 x 1011 5 x 1012 110 1 1 x 1011 1 x 1012 Table 6-2.
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From page 103... ...
FAA determinations under Part 150 are not intended to substitute federally determined land uses for those determined to be appropriate by local authorities in response to locally determined needs and values in achieving noise compatible land uses. Key To Table 1, Appendix A, 14 CFR Part 150 Y (Yes)
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From page 104... ...
Measurements cannot reflect conditions that do not exist, i.e., they cannot provide projected noise levels for future years or for 104 Aircraft Noise: A Toolkit for Managing Community Expectations
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From page 105... ...
(151) Sound Insulation Programs for Noise Abatement Since early recorded history, the Egyptians and Romans have used cork as a renewable source of thermal insulation for pipes and roofs.
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From page 106... ...
106 Aircraft Noise: A Toolkit for Managing Community Expectations
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From page 107... ...
When windows remain closed year-round or the structure is in higher latitudes and well-insulated to retain heat, the difference between levels may average somewhat higher, while in the tropics or sub-tropics where windows remain open for much of the year, the difference between outdoor and indoor noise levels from an aircraft overflight may be less. Interior Noise Abatement The purpose of a sound insulation program is to reduce the adverse impacts of aircraft noise on residents near an airport.
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From page 108... ...
Consequently, some programs implemented in areas around large airports find that by the time the schedule of improvements has reached the outlying program areas, the noise levels are no longer sufficiently high to justify the mitigation action because the contours have shrunk. 108 Aircraft Noise: A Toolkit for Managing Community Expectations
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From page 109... ...
The preceding sections have provided an overview of the rules, the roles, the responsibilities, and the issues involved in noise abatement and land use mitigation planning efforts, and have discussed the involvement of the public in those efforts. This section Noise Management and Public Response 109
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From page 110... ...
The checklist tool provided in this section allows the airport noise officer or airport manager to evaluate the status of the existing program and changes that may have occurred since the program was initiated to determine if modifications or updates are warranted. 6-10 6-9 110 Aircraft Noise: A Toolkit for Managing Community Expectations
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