Not Eating Enough Overcoming Underconsumption of Military Operational Rations (1995) / Chapter Skim
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21 Lessons from Eating Disorders
21 Lessons from Eating Disorders
Pages 393-410
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From page 393... ...
Ken Goodrick, and Jean E Nelson INTRODUCTION Anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder are referred to as eating disorders because the most observable symptoms involve pathological behaviors, including hinging, purging, and self-starvation.
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From page 394... ...
The resulting focus on appearance leads to a fear of becoming fat. Along with this fear a distorted body image may develop, so that people with eating disorders perceive themselves to be fatter than they really are (Crisp and Kalucy, 1974; Warah, 1989~.
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From page 395... ...
One of the most important of them is the family, for it affects the individual's development of self-concept, values, food and eating patterns, and personal standards. Several studies involving first-degree relatives of anorectic women have suggested that eating disorders run in families.
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From page 396... ...
A recent study reported significantly higher rates of major depression, panic disorder, borderline personality disorder, and avoidant personality disorder among subjects with binge eating disorder (Yanovski et al., 19939. A number of psychological traits characterize the anorectic, including shyness, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive behaviors (Bemis, 1978~.
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From a sociocultural perspective, eating disorders are likely to be a product of contemporary American society (i.e., a society that places inordinate value on slimness while simultaneously emphasizing the consumption of its abundant food supply)
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From page 398... ...
Refusal to maintain body weight at or above a minimally normal weight for age and height (e.g., weight loss leading to maintenance of body weight less than 85 percent of that expected; or failure to malce expected weight gain during period of growth, leading to body weight less than 85 of that expected)
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From page 399... ...
The anorexic patient in a state of starvation may suffer cardiovascular and respiratory changes, problems with renal function, electrolyte imbalance, edema, hematological changes, gastrointestinal complications, and neurological changes (Garfinkel and Garner, 1982~. Additional symptomatology includes low metabolic rate, loss bone, cold intolerance, insomnia, alopecia, swollen joints, and dry skin (Bemis, 1978; Williamson, 1 990~.
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From page 400... ...
The officers serve in loco parentis to provide leadership and protection. Like the anorexic family, the military, especially in stressful field operations or combat, operates under conditions conducive to rigid rules for relationships, overprotectiveness, and enmeshment and high cohesion in the sense of close teamwork and buddy support.
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This heightened state of alertness may alleviate feelings of boredom in noncombat field operations. RECOMMENDATIONS A discussion of the psychodynamics of self-imposed undernutrition displayed by troops in field operations in the light of eating disorders is speculative.
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Pp. 500-~02 in The Psychobiology of Human Eating Disorders, L.H.
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From page 403... ...
Pp. 328-332 in Handbook of Eating Disorders: Physiology, Psychology, and Treatment of Obesity, Anorexia, and Bulimia, K.D.
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From page 404... ...
1990 Assessment of Eating Disorders: Obesity, Anorexia, and Bulimia Nervosa. New York: Pergamon.
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We studied with the food intake diaries for bulimics who said that they would work with us as long as we didn't make them go to therapy, they didn't want to have anything to do about that. And what we found was that a lot of binge eating did, indeed, occur with other people.
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From page 406... ...
Sure. The ones I treat now, one is a model, an athlete their life styles are in a life style that needs a very low body weight, in the first place, or a heavy emphasis on appearance.
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From page 407... ...
At least we can measure the differences in blood pressure or in stroke, or in the acceleration of the velocity in the blood, if circadian attributes at birth in newborn, then the timing beyond is probably the best catch-all to have a prophylactic pill. So, they are two separate problems but they mesh and we have a concern about the circadian circuits.
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From page 408... ...
I want to make this point very strongly, that one of my fellows just finished a study where he gives an answer to a mete analysis of 70,000 people who all received aspirin, and the story is still controversial. · What he showed was that the effect on blood pressure at one time was in one direction, but the rest of the time it was in the opposite direction.
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From page 409... ...
Smith, who is a senior vice president of Nabisco Research Foods Group in New Jersey; Howard Moskowitz of Moskowitz Jacobs, Inc. of Valhalla, New York; Cheryl Achterberg, Department of Nutrition at Penn State University, University Park; and Robin Kanarek, Department of Psychology at Tufts.
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From page 410... ...
For this reason any plan that addresses the issue of inadequate food intake in troops fed operational rations must include input from all the military agencies involved in field feeding policy, ration development, training, nutritional guidelines, and logistics. In addition, it is also important to seek advice from senior food service personnel and military commanders about whether variables that have been shown to enhance food intake in controlled settings can realistically be applied in a military field feeding context.
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