National Academies Press: OpenBook

Oral Health Literacy: Workshop Summary (2013)

Chapter: Appendix B: Speaker Biosketches

« Previous: Appendix A: Workshop Agenda
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Speaker Biosketches." Institute of Medicine. 2013. Oral Health Literacy: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13484.
×

Appendix B


Speaker Biosketches

RADM William Bailey was selected by Surgeon General Regina Benjamin as the chief professional officer for the dental category effective May 24, 2010. As chief dental officer, RADM Bailey leads the Commissioned Corps of the U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) dental professional affairs, and advises the Office of the Surgeon General and the Department of Health and Human Services on the recruitment, assignment, deployment, retention, and career development of Corps dentists. In addition, he currently serves as the acting director of the Division of Oral Health at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

RADM Bailey has enjoyed assignments with the National Health Service Corps, Bureau of Prisons, Indian Health Service, and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. He has received numerous awards including the USPHS Meritorious Service Medal and the Dental Category’s Jack D. Robertson Award, and is a diplomate of the American Board of Dental Public Health.

Marsha Butler, D.D.S., is currently vice president, global professional relations, Colgate-Palmolive Company, responsible for global strategies, programs, and policies that support Colgate’s professional and oral health initiatives around the world. Dr. Butler interfaces with numerous international government, dental, and health organizations to promote programs aimed at the prevention of oral disease and the improvement of general and oral health.

In 1990, Dr. Butler conceptualized, designed, and implemented a

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Speaker Biosketches." Institute of Medicine. 2013. Oral Health Literacy: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13484.
×

comprehensive oral health education program called Bright Smiles, Bright Futures. This initiative is directed toward high-risk youth populations and utilizes public-private partnerships, community-based outreach, and parent involvement to improve the oral health of low-income inner-city children in the United States. Under Dr. Butler’s leadership, Bright Smiles, Bright Futures has been implemented in 80 countries around the world, reaching more than 650 million children in 30 languages. Dr. Butler authored and presented results from several publications that study the oral health habits, knowledge, and clinical status of young children in the United States and other regions around the world.

Dr. Butler has worked diligently with the National Dental Association (NDA) Foundation to help increase the pool of African American dentists in the United States through a multifaceted program which provides scholarship awards to dental, dental hygiene, dental assistant, and postgraduate dental students pursuing dental careers. More than 2,500 scholarships have been awarded since 1990. Dr. Butler partners with the NDA Foundation to support funding for research grants at the historical African American schools: Howard University and Meharry Medical College.

Dr. Butler is a graduate of the Howard University College of Dentistry. A member of the American Dental Association (ADA), the NDA, the Academy of General Dentistry, the American Association of Public Health Dentists, the International Association of Dental Researchers, and the American College of Dentists. Dr. Butler has received numerous awards for her oral health improvement activities, including the Howard University College of Dentistry Distinguished Alumni of the Year award, an advocacy award from the World Organization for Early Childhood Education, a 2012 UPTOWN Professional magazine’s Top 100 Executives in Corporate America, a 2005 Silver Screen Award from the U.S. International Film Festival, a 2006 Telly Award, a 2007 Ebony Outstanding Women in Marketing and Communications Award, a Council Choice award from the ADA, and other awards.

Mary Lee Conicella, D.M.D., is Aetna’s chief dental officer. In this role she is responsible for building Aetna’s market position by providing high-quality and affordable dental care. With 13.6 million members, Aetna Dental offers one of the broadest product portfolios in the insurance industry to help meet customers’ varied needs. In her role, Dr. Conicella leverages her broad clinical background to support the development of best-in-class clinical programs that provide solutions to engage members, deliver superior dental health, and improve costs through clinical integration. She also supports the overall service experience for Aetna Dental’s customers, providers, and members.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Speaker Biosketches." Institute of Medicine. 2013. Oral Health Literacy: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13484.
×

Dr. Conicella received her B.S. in medical technology from the University of Pittsburgh and her D.M.D. from Temple University School of Dentistry in 1987. She received a fellowship in the Academy of General Dentistry in 2000. Prior to joining Aetna, Dr. Conicella was in private practice. She is a faculty member of the University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, where she has taught since 1992. She began her career with Aetna in 1997 as a dental consultant in dental utilization management, assuming the role of chief dental officer in 2005. She was instrumental in developing Aetna’s Dental-Medical Integration initiative and has coauthored several abstracts and articles published in collaboration with Columbia University College of Dental Medicine related to research on dental care’s impact on overall health. She is also a member of Aetna’s Health Literacy Work Group and represents the dental business in Aetna’s Clinical Innovation initiative.

Dr. Conicella has a number of affiliations, including the American Dental Association, the National Dental Association Corporate Round Table, the Academy of General Dentistry, the Omicron Kappa Upsilon scholastic fraternity, the Temple University School of Dentistry Board of Visitors, and the University of Connecticut School of Dental Medicine Advisory Board. She serves as chairman of America’s Health Insurance Plans’ dental code work group, and is a member of the National Association of Dental Plans’ Professional Relations Committee.

Elijah E. Cummings, U.S. Representative for Maryland’s 7th congressional district, was born and raised in Baltimore, Maryland, where he still resides today. Congressman Cummings obtained his bachelor’s degree in political science from Howard University, serving as student government president and graduating Phi Beta Kappa, and then graduated from the University of Maryland School of Law. Congressman Cummings has also received seven honorary doctoral degrees from universities throughout the nation.

Congressman Cummings has dedicated his life of service to uplifting and empowering the people he is sworn to represent. He began his career of public service in the Maryland House of Delegates, where he served for 16 years and became the first African American in Maryland history to be named Speaker pro tempore. Since 1996, Congressman Cummings has proudly represented Maryland’s 7th congressional district in the U.S. House of Representatives.

Congressman Cummings often says that our children are the living messages that we send to a future we will never see. In that vein, he is committed to ensuring that our next generation has access to high-quality health care and education, clean air and water, and a strong economy defined by fiscal responsibility.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Speaker Biosketches." Institute of Medicine. 2013. Oral Health Literacy: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13484.
×

Congressman Cummings currently serves as the ranking member of the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform. As the main investigative committee in the House of Representatives, Oversight and Government Reform has jurisdiction to investigate any federal program and any matter with federal policy implications. As the committee’s ranking member, Congressman Cummings fights to hold the presidential administration to a high standard of excellence and to ensure efficiency and effectiveness in the actions of the government of the United States. He also seeks to identify appropriate reforms that prevent waste, fraud, and abuse and to ensure government programs meet the needs of the American people.

Congressman Cummings is also a senior member of the House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, serving on both the Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Maritime Transport and the Subcommittee on Highways and Transit. He has consistently been an advocate for the rights of those facing foreclosure and holds regular foreclosure prevention seminars for people who are at risk of being foreclosed upon. The homeowners are matched with lenders to work out loan modifications on site to prevent foreclosure. He began the 112th Congress by requesting that the first hearing in the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform investigate the causes of, and potential solutions to, the foreclosure crisis.

Congressman Cummings serves on numerous boards and commissions. He is spearheading an effort to strengthen the maritime curriculum at the Maritime Academy in Baltimore. He is the chairman of the Maritime for Primary and Secondary Education Coalition (MPSEC). He also serves on the U.S. Naval Academy Board of Visitors, the Morgan State University Board of Regents, the Baltimore Aquarium Board of Trustees, and the Baltimore Area Council of the Boy Scouts of America Board of Directors. He is an honorary board member of the SEED School of Maryland, KIPP Baltimore Schools, and the Baltimore School for the Arts. Congressman Cummings is an active member of New Psalmist Baptist Church and is married to Dr. Maya Rockeymoore Cummings.

Kimon Divaris, D.D.S., Ph.D., received his D.D.S. from Athens University School of Dentistry, Greece, in 2005. Prior to joining the University of North Carolina (UNC) at Chapel Hill in 2007, he completed 1 year of service as a Hellenic Army dental officer. At UNC at Chapel Hill, he pursued advanced studies jointly at the School of Dentistry and the Gillings School of Global Public Health. In 2011 he received a certificate of specialization in pediatric dentistry, a graduate certificate in global health, and a Ph.D. degree in epidemiology from UNC at Chapel Hill. His research interests are diverse and include both proximal and distal oral health determinants with emphasis on caries, periodontitis, and oral cancer, and span from

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Speaker Biosketches." Institute of Medicine. 2013. Oral Health Literacy: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13484.
×

genetics to dental education and oral health literacy. Kimon served as president (2003-2004) of the European Dental Students’ Association and was recipient of the 2011 International Association for Dental Research’s Behavioral, Epidemiologic and Health Services Research Group postdoctoral award and the 2012 American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry Graduate Student Research Award. He is currently research assistant professor of pediatric dentistry and dental research postdoctoral fellow at UNC at Chapel Hill.

Ralph Fuccillo has served as president of the DentaQuest Foundation (formally Oral Health Foundation) since 2006. Mr. Fuccillo is a seasoned leader in the nonprofit sector with a lifelong career that has included professional and volunteer experiences in education, health and human services, and organizational development. As an advocate for disease prevention and health promotion, his work has focused on the social determinants of health, policy development, and behavior change to reduce injury and violence, HIV/AIDS, substance abuse, other preventable illnesses, and now oral health.

Through his board service to nonprofit organizations, he carries his collaborative leadership approach to national and local organizations such as the Albert Schweitzer Fellowship Program (chair), Elderhostel, the Massachusetts Dental Society Foundation, and Neighborhood Health Plan. He has served as the immediate past president of the Massachusetts Health Council and of the AIDS Action Committee Board of Directors, Harvard School of Public Health Prevention Research Center of the National Community Committee of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Research Center Program, and has been a visiting lecturer at the Harvard Divinity School.

Mr. Fuccillo is a lecturer on health and philanthropy, an advocate for the underserved and the work of community health centers, and a frequent speaker and panel moderator at professional conferences.

Alice M. Horowitz, Ph.D., R.D.H., is a research associate professor at the School of Public Health, University of Maryland. Formerly, she was a senior scientist in the Division of Population and Health Promotion Sciences at the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research. She was a primary architect of the Maryland State Oral Cancer Prevention and Early Detection coalition. She initiated both state and national research on what health care providers and the public know and do about oral cancer prevention and early detection. She has initiated statewide research on what the public knows and does about preventing dental caries and their perceptions of communication skills of dental providers and on health care providers’ (physicians, nurse practitioners, dentists, and dental

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Speaker Biosketches." Institute of Medicine. 2013. Oral Health Literacy: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13484.
×

hygienists) reported use of recommended communication practices. She served as the National Institutes of Health lead for the Healthy People 2010 oral health chapter and worked on Healthy People and Healthy People 2000. She organized the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research’s workshop on oral health literacy and coauthored the resultant findings. She has published more than 125 scientific papers and book chapters and is the recipient of numerous awards. Dr. Horowitz holds a Ph.D. in health education from the University of Maryland, College Park.

Amid Ismail, Dr.P.H., has been dean and Laura H. Carnell Professor at Temple University Kornberg School of Dentistry since October 2008. Before joining Temple University, Dr. Ismail was professor and director of the Detroit Center for Research on Oral Health Disparities and director of the Detroit Oral Cancer Prevention Project at the School of Dentistry, University of Michigan. Dr. Ismail was also director of the Program of Dental Public Health at the University of Michigan’s School of Public Health.

For 25 years, Dr. Ismail has been an actively funded researcher in population-based studies and interventions to reduce disparities. His expertise is in the field of measurement, outcomes assessment, design and planning for complex statistical analyses, survey methods, and organizational management. Having played a significant role in developing the field of evidence-based dentistry, he is a key consultant to the American Dental Association (ADA) in this area. He is known internationally as an expert in the field of cardiology and evidence-based dentistry, and he played a leadership role in developing the Community Dental Health Coordinator Project for the ADA.

Dr. Ismail has established new innovative programs, such as the Advanced Dental Education Residency and Public Health Program and the Executive Health and Management Policy Program with a certificate degree in dental public health.

Awards he has received include the H. Trendley Dean Award from the International Association for Dental Research, the Award for Community Service from the Regents of the University of Michigan, as well as awards from the ADA and community organizations. For 5 years, he had the highest grades at the College of Dentistry, Baghdad University, where he received his dental training. He completed a master and doctorate of public health at the University of Michigan, and an M.B.A. from the Ross School of Business at the University of Michigan. He is also a diplomate of the American Board of Dental Public Health.

Matt Jacob is project manager for communications at the Pew Center on the States. For more than 25 years, Mr. Jacob has used his skills to assist nonprofit and advocacy organizations raise the profile of their issues and

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Speaker Biosketches." Institute of Medicine. 2013. Oral Health Literacy: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13484.
×

translate their research into clear, compelling messages. In 1993, he wrote the slogan that the Clinton administration used to promote its national health care plan. Mr. Jacob’s op-ed columns have appeared in USA Today, cnn.com, the Los Angeles Times, and many other media outlets. He has provided training on communication challenges at numerous conferences, including those sponsored by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Public Health Association. He earned his bachelor’s degree in journalism from the University of Arkansas.

Dushanka Kleinman, D.D.S., M.Sc.D., RADM (Ret.), serves as associate dean for research and professor, department of epidemiology and biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Maryland (UMD), College Park. In this role she works closely with the school’s senior leadership, faculty, and students and has devoted much of the past few years to the initial accreditation of this new School of Public Health. She earned her D.D.S. from the College of Dentistry at the University of Illinois at Chicago, followed by a dental internship at the University of Chicago Hospitals and Clinics. She also received an M.Sc.D. in dental public health from the Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine at Boston University.

Prior to joining UMD in 2007, Dr. Kleinman completed 28 years of government service, where she most recently served as deputy director, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), and assistant surgeon general, U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) Commissioned Corps. In 2006, she also completed a 5-year term as the 15th Chief Dental Officer, USPHS. At NIH, Dr. Kleinman assumed the role of NIDCR acting director twice during transitions between directors. She coordinated the federal involvement in the development of the first-ever Surgeon General’s Report on oral health (2000) and served as the first assistant director of the NIH Roadmap for Medical Research.

Dr. Kleinman is a diplomate of the American Board of Dental Public Health (ABDPH) and has served as president of several organizations, including the ABDPH, the American Association of Women Dentists, and the American Association of Dental Public Health. Her work on the epidemiology of oral mucosal tissue diseases and disorders and related activities has been recognized by multiple organizations. In addition to her UMD School of Public Health responsibilities, she currently serves on the editorial board of the Journal of the American Dental Association and is a board member of several organizations and foundations, including the USPHS Commissioned Officers Foundation.

Gregory McClure, D.D.S., is the state dental director for the Delaware Division of Public Health. His responsibilities include management of

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Speaker Biosketches." Institute of Medicine. 2013. Oral Health Literacy: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13484.
×

dental public health activities, the statewide dental clinic system, and providing consultative services for the dental Medicaid program for other state programs that provide dental services. The integration of direct clinic services, Medicaid program development, and dental public health services creates a unique opportunity to link the programs synergistically for advancing oral health.

After graduating from Maurice H. Kornberg School of Dentistry at Temple University, Dr. McClure was in private practice in Binghamton, New York. While practicing there, he obtained his M.P.H. from the State University of New York at Albany, and his M.H.A. from Cornell University. He completed his dental public health residency with the New York State Department of Health, where he worked with county public health programs, focusing on the development of dental health delivery systems.

Dr. McClure is a member of several dental associations, including the American Dental Association, the Academy of General Dentistry, the American Association of State and Territorial Dental Directors, and the American Association of Public Health Dentistry. He serves as the clinical director for Delaware Special Olympics, and is a director for the Delaware Institute of Dental Education and Research.

Kathleen O’Loughlin, D.D.S., is executive director and chief operating officer of the American Dental Association (ADA). Prior to joining the ADA, Kathy served as the chief dental officer for United Health Group, and president and chief executive officer of Delta Dental of Massachusetts.

Dr. O’Loughlin practiced dentistry for more than 20 years in Medford and Winchester, Massachusetts, while serving as an assistant clinical professor at Tufts University School of Dental Medicine in the department of general dentistry as a course director. She received her bachelor’s degree cum laude from Boston University in 1974 and her doctorate from Tufts University summa cum laude in 1981. In 1998, Dr. O’Loughlin received a master’s degree in public health and health care management from Harvard University. She currently serves as a trustee of Tufts University and is a member of the executive committee and board of overseers for Tufts Dental School. Dr. O’Loughlin is a member of several dental organizations and has received numerous awards.

Gary Podschun is manager for Community Outreach and Cultural Competence with the American Dental Association (ADA). He provides leadership, management, and direction of the ADA’s program and policy planning, development, implementation, and evaluation related to oral health disparities, social determinants of oral health, domestic volunteerism, and health promotion/disease prevention. These activities include the American Indian/Alaska Native Dental Placement Program, cultural/

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Speaker Biosketches." Institute of Medicine. 2013. Oral Health Literacy: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13484.
×

linguistic competence in oral health care, health literacy in dentistry, and other issues of national significance impacting oral health care services. Mr. Podschun is a member of the American Public Health Association, American Rural Health Association and the Society for Public Health Education.

Lindsey Robinson, D.D.S., has maintained a full-time pediatric dental practice in Grass Valley for the past 16 years since receiving her certificate in pediatric dentistry from the University of Florida in 1995 and her D.D.S. from the University of Southern California in 1990. Dr. Robinson was a member of the American Dental Association (ADA) Council on Access, Prevention, and Interprofessional Relations (CAPIR) for 6 years, and during her tenure served as chair for 2 years. As CAPIR chair, she hosted two national access summits convened by the ADA, the American Indian/Alaska Native Oral Health Access Summit in 2007, and the Access to Care Summit in March 2009. She is a founding board member of the U.S. National Oral Health Alliance. Dr. Robinson currently serves as president-elect of the California Dental Association and is past chair of the California Dental Association Foundation.

Scott Wolpin, D.M.D., is the vice president/chief dental officer for Choptank Community Health System. Dr. Wolpin serves as a board of directors member for the National Network for Oral Health Access and the Eastern Shore Area Health Education Center. Additionally, Dr. Wolpin is past president of the Eastern Shore Dental Society and past president of the Association of Clinicians for the Underserved. He completed a hospital dentistry residency at Johns Hopkins Hospital, in Baltimore, Maryland, in 1990 after commencement from Tufts University School of Dental Medicine in Boston, Massachusetts. He holds academic appointments with the University of Maryland School of Dentistry and the Arizona School of Dentistry and Oral Health mentoring fourth-year dental students in community-based oral health. Dr. Wolpin serves as the assistant director for Lutheran Medical Center’s advanced education in general dentistry residency program and provides hospital-based dental services for young children at Dorchester General Hospital. Dr. Wolpin provides public service to the community he lives in as a volunteer firefighter/emergency medical services provider. In 2003, Dr. Wolpin was nominated as Maryland Outstanding Rural Health Practitioner and Maryland Oral Health Hero in 2010.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Speaker Biosketches." Institute of Medicine. 2013. Oral Health Literacy: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13484.
×

This page intentionally left blank.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Speaker Biosketches." Institute of Medicine. 2013. Oral Health Literacy: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13484.
×
Page 117
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Speaker Biosketches." Institute of Medicine. 2013. Oral Health Literacy: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13484.
×
Page 118
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Speaker Biosketches." Institute of Medicine. 2013. Oral Health Literacy: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13484.
×
Page 119
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Speaker Biosketches." Institute of Medicine. 2013. Oral Health Literacy: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13484.
×
Page 120
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Speaker Biosketches." Institute of Medicine. 2013. Oral Health Literacy: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13484.
×
Page 121
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Speaker Biosketches." Institute of Medicine. 2013. Oral Health Literacy: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13484.
×
Page 122
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Speaker Biosketches." Institute of Medicine. 2013. Oral Health Literacy: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13484.
×
Page 123
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Speaker Biosketches." Institute of Medicine. 2013. Oral Health Literacy: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13484.
×
Page 124
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Speaker Biosketches." Institute of Medicine. 2013. Oral Health Literacy: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13484.
×
Page 125
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Speaker Biosketches." Institute of Medicine. 2013. Oral Health Literacy: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13484.
×
Page 126
Oral Health Literacy: Workshop Summary Get This Book
×
Buy Paperback | $45.00 Buy Ebook | $35.99
MyNAP members save 10% online.
Login or Register to save!
Download Free PDF

The Institute of Medicine (IOM) Roundtable on Health Literacy focuses on bringing together leaders from the federal government, foundations, health plans, associations, and private companies to address challenges facing health literacy practice and research and to identify approaches to promote health literacy in both the public and private sectors. The roundtable serves to educate the public, press, and policy makers regarding the issues of health literacy, sponsoring workshops to discuss approaches to resolve health literacy challenges. It also builds partnerships to move the field of health literacy forward by translating research findings into practical strategies for implementation. The Roundtable held a workshop March 29, 2012, to explore the field of oral health literacy.

The workshop was organized by an independent planning committee in accordance with the procedures of the National Academy of Sciences. The planning group was composed of Sharon Barrett, Benard P. Dreyer, Alice M. Horowitz, Clarence Pearson, and Rima Rudd. The role of the workshop planning committee was limited to planning the workshop. Unlike a consensus committee report, a workshop summary may not contain conclusions and recommendations, except as expressed by and attributed to individual presenters and participants. Therefore, the summary has been prepared by the workshop rapporteur as a factual summary of what occurred at the workshop.

  1. ×

    Welcome to OpenBook!

    You're looking at OpenBook, NAP.edu's online reading room since 1999. Based on feedback from you, our users, we've made some improvements that make it easier than ever to read thousands of publications on our website.

    Do you want to take a quick tour of the OpenBook's features?

    No Thanks Take a Tour »
  2. ×

    Show this book's table of contents, where you can jump to any chapter by name.

    « Back Next »
  3. ×

    ...or use these buttons to go back to the previous chapter or skip to the next one.

    « Back Next »
  4. ×

    Jump up to the previous page or down to the next one. Also, you can type in a page number and press Enter to go directly to that page in the book.

    « Back Next »
  5. ×

    Switch between the Original Pages, where you can read the report as it appeared in print, and Text Pages for the web version, where you can highlight and search the text.

    « Back Next »
  6. ×

    To search the entire text of this book, type in your search term here and press Enter.

    « Back Next »
  7. ×

    Share a link to this book page on your preferred social network or via email.

    « Back Next »
  8. ×

    View our suggested citation for this chapter.

    « Back Next »
  9. ×

    Ready to take your reading offline? Click here to buy this book in print or download it as a free PDF, if available.

    « Back Next »
Stay Connected!