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Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Handbook for Analyzing the Costs and Benefits of Alternative Aviation Turbine Engine Fuels at Airports. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14531.
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Page 32
Page 33
Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Handbook for Analyzing the Costs and Benefits of Alternative Aviation Turbine Engine Fuels at Airports. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14531.
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Page 33

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32 AFLCAWG (Aviation Fuel Life Cycle Assessment Working Group). Framework and Guidance for Estimating Greenhouse Gas Footprints of Aviation Fuels. Air Force Research Laboratory Technical Report, AFRL-RZ-WP-TR-2009-2206, April 2009. http://web.mit.edu/ aeroastro/partner/reports/proj28/greenhs-gas-ftprnts.pdf. Accessed March 31, 2010. Alleman, T. L. and R. L. McCormick. Fischer-Tropsch Diesel Fuels— Properties and Exhaust Emissions: A Literature Review. Paper pre- sented at Society of Automotive Engineers World Congress and Exhibition, March 2003, Detroit, MI. SAE 2003-01-0763, 2003. Arunachalam, S., B. H. Baek, B. Wang, N. Davis, A. Holland, Z. Adelman, U. Shankar, F. Binkowski, A. Hanna, T. Thrasher, and P. Soucaos. 13th Conference on Aviation, Range and Aerospace Meteorology, New Orleans, 2008. Boyd, J. (California Energy Commission). Biomass to Liquids: California and North America. Presentation at Second Annual BTL Conference, October 2006. http://www.fnrserver.de/cms35/fileadmin/allgemein/ pdf/veranstaltungen/BTL_Berlin_2006/19_Boyd.pdf. Accessed April 10, 2008. British Petroleum. ECD Product Information. 2007. http://www.bp.com/ sectiongenericarticle.do?categoryId=16002812&contentId=701820. Accessed October 2, 2007. Brunelle-Yeung, E. The Impacts of Aviation Emissions on Human Health through Changes in Air Quality and UV Irradiance. SM thesis. Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Insti- tute of Technology, Cambridge, 2009. Cheng, A. S. and R. W. Dibble. Emissions Performance of Oxyegenate- in-Diesel Blends and Fischer-Tropsch Diesel in a Compression Ignition Engine. SAE 1999-01-3606, 1999. Chevron. Aviation Fuels Technical Review. 2000. http://www.chevron. com/products/prodserv/fuels/bulletin/aviationfuel/4_at_fuel_comp. shtm#additives. Accessed October 2, 2007. Chevron. Alternative Jet Fuels: A Supplement to Chevron’s Aviation Fuels Technical Review. 2006. http://www.chevronglobalaviation.com/ docs/5719_Aviation_Addendum._webpdf.pdf. Accessed October 1, 2007. Chevron. Diesel Fuels Technical Review. 2007. http://www.chevron.com/ products/PRODSERV/fuels/diesel/documents/Diesel_Fuel_Tech_ Review.pdf. Accessed October 2, 2007. Clark, N. N., C. M. Atkinson, G. J. Thompson, and R. D. Nine. Transient Emissions Comparisons of Alternative Compression Ignition Fuels. SAE 1999-01-1117, 1999. Corporan, E., M. J. DeWitt, C. D. Klingshirn, and R. C. Striebich. DOD Assured Fuels Initiative: B-52 Aircraft Emissions Burning a Fischer- Tropsch/JP-8 Fuel Blend. 10th International Conference on Stability, Handling and Use of Liquid Fuels, Tucson, Arizona, 2007. Donohoo, P. Scaling Air Quality Effects from Alternative Jet Fuel in Aircraft and Ground Support Equipment. SM Thesis. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 2010. Exxon. Benefits & Recommendations. 2002. http://www.exxon.com/ USA-English/GFM/Products_Services/Fuels/Diesel_Fuels_Benefits Recs.asp. Accessed October 2, 2007. Exxon Mobil Corporation. Diesel FAQ. http://www.exxon.com/ USA-English/GFM/Products_Services/Fuels/Diesel_Fuels_FAQ.asp. Accessed October 2, 2007. Fanick, R. E., P. F. Schubert, B. J. Russell, and R. L. Freerks. Comparison of Emission Characteristics of Conventional, Hydrotreated, and Fischer-Tropsch Diesel Fuels in a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine. SAE 2001-01-3519, 2001. Fernandes, G., J. Fuschetto, Z. Filipi, D. Assanis, and H. McKee. Impact of Military JP-8 Fuel on Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Performance and Emissions. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, Vol. 221, No. 8, 2007, pp. 957–970. Frame, E. A., R. A. Alvera, M. G. Blanks, R. L. Freerks, L. L. Stavinoha, P. A. Muzzell, and L. Villahermosa. Assessment of Fischer-Tropsch Fuel for Military Use in a 6.5L Diesel Engine. SAE Transactions, 113(4), 2004. Greco, S. L., A. M. Wilson, J. D. Spengler, and J. I. Levy. Spatial Patterns of Mobile Source Particulate Matter Emissions-to-Exposure Relationships Across the United States. Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 41, 2007, pp. 1011–1025. Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport. Year-To-Date Airport Traffic Report, 2008. Hileman, J., D. Ortiz, J. Bartis, H. M. Wong, P. Donohoo, M. Weiss, and I. Waitz. Near-Term Feasibility of Alternative Jet Fuels. Jointly published by the RAND Corporation (Report No. TR-554-FAA) and the Partnership for AiR Transportation Noise and Emissions Reduction (Report No. PARTNER-COE-2009-001), 2009. http:// web.mit.edu/aeroastro/partner/reports/proj17/altfuelfeasrpt.pdf. Accessed March 31, 2010. Hileman, J., R. Stratton, and P. Donohoo. Energy Content and Alternative Jet Fuel Viability. Journal of Propulsion and Power, Vol. 26, No. 6, 2010, pp. 1184–1196. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Aviation and the Global Atmosphere. Cambridge. UK: Cambridge University Press, 1999. http://www.grida.no/climate/ipcc/aviation/index.htm. Accessed October 2, 2007. References

33 International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). International Standards and Recommended Practices: Environmental Protection, Annex 16. 1993. Lee, R., J. Pedley, and C. Hobbs. Fuel Quality Impact on Heavy Duty Diesel Emissions: A Literature Review. International Fall Fuels and Lubricants Meeting and Exposition, San Francisco, California, October 1998. Miake-Lye, R. and M. Timko. Personal communication with P. Donohoo, 2008. Moses, C, G. Wilson III, and P. Roets. Evaluation of Sasol Synthetic Kerosene for Suitability as Jet Fuel. December 2003. Nord, K. and D. Haupt. Evaluating a Fischer-Tropsch Fuel, Eco-Par, in a Valmet Diesel Engine. SAE 2002-01-2726, 2002. Rantanen, L., R. Linnaila, P. Aakko, and T. Harju. NExBTL: Biodiesel Fuel of the Second Generation. Warrendale, PA.: SAE International, 2005. http://www.sae.org/technical/papers/2005-01-3771. Accessed September 25, 2007. Ratliff, G. Preliminary Assessment of the Impact of Commercial Aircraft on Local Air Quality in the U.S. MS thesis. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 2007. Ratliff, G., C. Sequeira, I. Waitz, M. Ohsfeldt, T. Thrasher, M. Graham, and T. Thompson. Aircraft Impacts on Local and Regional Air Quality in the United States. 2009. http://web.mit.edu/aeroastro/ partner/reports/proj15/proj15finalreport.pdf. Roosevelt, M. Aircraft Emission Cuts Urged. Los Angeles Times, December 5, 2007. www.latimes.com/business/printedition/la- fi-greenhouse5dec05,0,6943743. Accessed December 14, 2007. Rumizen, M. Alternative Fuel Specifications and Certification. Proc., Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative Meeting, Washington, D.C., September 30, 2009. Schaberg, P. W., I. S. Myburgh, J. Botha, and I. Khalek. Comparative Emissions Performance of Sasol Fischer-Tropsch Diesel Fuel in Current and Older Technology Heavy-Duty Engines. SAE 2000- 01-1912, 2000. Schaberg, P. W., I. S. Myburgh, J. J. Botha, P. N. Roets, and C. L. Viljoen. Diesel Exhaust Emissions Using Sasol Slurry Phase Distillate Process Fuels. SAE Technical Paper Series 972898, 1997. Shafer, L. M., R. C. Striebich, J. Gomach, and T. Edwards. Chemical Class Composition of Commercial Jet Fuels and Other Specialty Kerosene Fuels. AIAA Paper No. 2006-7972, Presented at the 14th AIAA/AHI Space Planes and Hypersonic Systems and Technologies Conference, 2006. Sirman, M. B., E. C. Owens, and K. A. Whitney. Emissions Comparison of Alternative Fuels in an Advanced Automotive Diesel Engine. SAE 2000-01-2048, 2000. Stratton, R., H. M. Wong, and J. Hileman. PARTNER Project 28 Report: Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Alternative Jet Fuels, Version 1.0. Partnership for AiR Transportation Noise and Emissions Reduction Report No. PARTNER-COE-2010-001, 2010. http:// web.mit.edu/aeroastro/partner/reports/proj28/. Accessed March 31, 2010. Tao Wu, Z. H., W. Zhang, J. Fang, and Q. Yin. Physical and Chemical Properties of GTL-Diesel Fuel Blends and Their Effects on Engine Performance and Emissions of a Multicylinder DI Compression Ignition Engine. Energy & Fuels 21 (4), 2007, pp. 1908–1914. Taylor, W. F. Survey of Sulfur Levels in Commercial Jet Fuel. CRC Aviation Research Committee of the Coordinating Research Council, Coordinating Research Council Report AV-1-04, Alpharetta, GA, 2009. Timko, M. T., A. J. Beyersdorf, A. Bhargava, E. L. Winstead, K. L. Thornhill, D. S. Liscinsky, J. Souza, C. Wey, K. Tacina, Z. Yu, B. U. Onasch, R. C. Miake-Lye, E. Corporan, M. J. DeWitt, C. D. Klingshirn and R. Howard. The Impact of Alternative Fuels on Aircraft Emissions. American Association for Aerosol Research, 2008. U.S. Army ACOM-TARDEC. JP-8 Single Fuel Forward, Information Compendium. May 2001. U.S. Department of Energy. The Early Days of Coal Research. Jan- uary 2006. http://www.fe.doe.gov/aboutus/history/syntheticfuels_ history.html. U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. What Is Fischer-Tropsch Diesel? September 2007. http:// www.afdc.energy.gov/afdc/fuels/emerging_diesel_what_is.html. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Regulatory Impact Analysis: Heavy-Duty Engine and Vehicle Standards and Highway Diesel Fuel Sulfur Control Requirements. EPA420-R-00-026, December 2000. http://www.epa.gov/otaq/highway-diesel/regs/2007-heavy- duty-highway.htm. Accessed October 7, 2007. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Diesel Fuel Sulfur Inputs for the Draft 2004 Nonroad Model Used in the 2004 Nonroad Diesel Engine Final Rule. April 2004. http://www.epa.gov/otaq/models/nonrdmdl/ nonrdmdl2004/sulfur.txt. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Greenbook. 2008. http:// www.epa.gov/oar/oaqps/greenbk/qindex.html. Accessed January 28, 2009. Whitefield, P. and R. Miake-Lye. Inter-comparisons of PM and HAP Emissions from a CFM56 Engine Burning Bio, FT, and Conventional Fuels. 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 Handbook for Analyzing the Costs and Benefits of Alternative Aviation Turbine Engine Fuels at Airports
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TRB’s Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Report 46: Handbook for Analyzing the Costs and Benefits of Alternative Aviation Turbine Engine Fuels at Airports consists of the Alternative Fuel Investigation Tool (AFIT), a handbook on the use of AFIT, and a report on its development. AFIT is an analytical model designed to help airport operators and fuel suppliers evaluate the costs associated with introducing “drop-in” alternative turbine engine fuel at airports and the benefits as measured by reduced emissions.

AFIT, which is included in CD-ROM format with the print version of the report, takes into account options for using alternative fuel for other airside equipment, including diesel-powered ground support equipment.

The report also addresses characteristics of current fuel usage and distribution, and describes what is required to switch to alternatives.

The CD-ROM is also available for download from TRB’s website as an ISO image. Links to the ISO image and instructions for burning a CD-ROM from an ISO image are provided below.

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CD-ROM Disclaimer - This software is offered as is, without warranty or promise of support of any kind either expressed or implied. Under no circumstance will the National Academy of Sciences or the Transportation Research Board (collectively “TRB’) be liable for any loss or damage caused by the installation or operations of this product. TRB makes no representation or warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, in fact or in law, including without limitation, the warranty of merchantability or the warranty of fitness for a particular purpose, and shall not in any case be liable for any consequential or special damages.

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