Transportation Investments in Response to Economic Downturns (2014)

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Study Committee Biographical Information Therese J. McGuire, Chair, is Professor of Strategy at the Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University, and Director of the Guthrie Center for Real Estate Research and the Real Estate Program at North- western. Her areas of expertise are state and local public finance, fiscal decentralization, property tax limitations, education finance, and regional economic development. She has written about and worked with various governments on state tax reform and on the impact of taxes on economic growth. In 1989 she worked with a blue-ribbon commission and directed a study of revenues and expenditures for the state of Ari- zona. She was a member of the Transportation Research Board (TRB) Committee for the Study of the Long-Term Viability of Fuel Taxes for Transportation Finance. McGuire was president of the National Tax Association in 1999–2000 and was the editor of the association’s aca- demic journal, National Tax Journal, from 2001 until 2009. Her publica- tions have appeared in National Tax Journal, Journal of Regional Science, Journal of Urban Economics, and Journal of Public Economics. She received a PhD in economics from Princeton University. Jay Alexander is Director of Capital Program Development and Man- agement at the Washington State Department of Transportation (DOT). He is responsible for development of the department’s capital programs, development of the state highway system plan, oversight of delivery of the capital program, and oversight and reporting on capital project deliv- ery. Before joining the Washington State DOT in 2005, he was a senior budget analyst for the Transportation Committee for the Washington State House of Representatives. He holds a master’s degree in business administration and a bachelor’s degree in accounting. 153 

154 Transportation Investments in Response to Economic Downturns William D. Dupor is Assistant Vice President of Research at the Fed- eral Reserve Bank of St. Louis. Previously he was associate professor of economics at Ohio State University and assistant professor at the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania. His research interests include dynamic economics, macroeconomics, and monetary economics. His current research includes analysis of the employment effects of the 2009 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. Dupor is associate editor of the Journal of Money, Credit and Banking. He received a PhD and an MA in economics from the University of Chicago in 1997 and a BA in economics and mathematics from the University of Wisconsin in 1992. Randall W. Eberts is President of the W. E. Upjohn Institute for Employ- ment Research, a nonprofit, independent research organization devoted to research on the causes and effects of unemployment. His research examines various aspects of the federal and state workforce develop- ment system and regional economic development issues. Dr. Eberts was appointed to the position of executive director of the institute in 1993 and president in 2008. Previous positions include associate professor of economics at the University of Oregon, visiting professor at Texas A&M University, assistant vice president and economist at the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, and senior staff economist on the President’s Council of Economic Advisers. Eberts received a PhD in economics from North- western University in 1978. Ronald L. Epstein is Acting Assistant Commissioner for Policy and Planning and Chief Financial Officer, New York State Department of Transportation (DOT). Formerly he was director of the New York State DOT’s Passenger Transportation Division. He was an author of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) report Transportation Investment in America—The Bottom Line—National Mass Transit Needs. He is a recipient of the AASHTO President’s Transportation Award and has been recognized by the New York Public Transit Association for outstanding contributions in sup- port of federal surface transportation reauthorization acts. He is the vice-chair of the AASHTO Standing Committee on Public Transporta- tion and a member of the AASHTO Standing Committee on Finance and Administration, the Executive Committee and Board of Directors 

Study Committee Biographical Information 155 of the American Public Transportation Association, and the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Panel on Research for the AASHTO Standing Committee on Public Transportation. He was a member of the TRB Transit Research Analysis Committee from 2004 to 2008. He received an MA in political science from the State University of New York at Binghamton and a BA from the State University of New York at Cortland. Andrew Haughwout is Vice President and Function Head, Research Services Function and Microeconomic Studies Function, at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. His fields of interest are urban economics, public finance, infrastructure, and microeconomics. He serves as Chair of the North American Regional Science Council and is a former chair of the Federal Reserve System Committee on Regional Analysis. Before joining the New York Fed, he served as assistant professor at Princeton University. He holds a PhD from the University of Pennsylvania and a BA from Swarthmore College. Benjamin F. Jones is an associate professor at the Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University. His research areas are economic growth, technology and innovation, and development economics. He is a faculty research fellow at the National Bureau of Economic Research and an associate editor of the Journal of Development Economics. He has been a member of the Kellogg School faculty since 2003. He was a Rhodes scholar in 1995–1997. He received a PhD from the Massachusetts Insti- tute of Technology in 2003, an MPhil from Oxford University in 1997, and a BSE in aerospace engineering from Princeton University in 1995. Nancy J. Richardson was Director of the Iowa Department of Transpor- tation from 2005 to 2011. Previous positions in the department included administration division director and operations and finance division director. She is cochair of the Iowa Governor’s Transportation 2020 Citizen Advisory Commission, a former chair of the American Associa- tion of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Stand- ing Committee on Finance and Administration, and a former chair of the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Project Panel on Administration of Highway and Transportation Agencies. She received a bachelor’s degree from the University of Iowa. 

156 Transportation Investments in Response to Economic Downturns Jay C. Shambaugh is Professor of Economics and International Affairs at the Elliott School of International Affairs, George Washington Uni- versity. Formerly he worked for the White House Council of Economic Advisers, first as senior economist for international economics and then as chief economist, and was an associate professor at Dartmouth College and a visiting scholar at the International Monetary Fund. He is a faculty research fellow at the National Bureau of Economic Research. His research is in macroeconomics and international economics. He received a PhD in economics from the University of California at Berkeley, an MA in law and diplomacy from the Fletcher School at Tufts University, and a BA from Yale University. 

TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD 2014 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE* Chair: Kirk T. Steudle, Director, Michigan Department of Transportation, Lansing Vice Chair: Daniel Sperling, Professor of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science and Policy; Director, Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California, Davis Executive Director: Robert E. Skinner, Jr., Transportation Research Board Victoria A. Arroyo, Executive Director, Georgetown Climate Center, and Visiting Professor, Georgetown University Law Center, Washington, D.C. Scott E. Bennett, Director, Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department, Little Rock Deborah H. Butler, Executive Vice President, Planning, and CIO, Norfolk Southern Corporation, Norfolk, Virginia (Past Chair, 2013) James M. Crites, Executive Vice President of Operations, Dallas–Fort Worth International Airport, Texas Malcolm Dougherty, Director, California Department of Transportation, Sacramento A. Stewart Fotheringham, Professor and Director, Centre for Geoinformatics, School of Geography and Geosciences, University of St. Andrews, Fife, United Kingdom John S. Halikowski, Director, Arizona Department of Transportation, Phoenix Michael W. Hancock, Secretary, Kentucky Transportation Cabinet, Frankfort Susan Hanson, Distinguished University Professor Emerita, School of Geography, Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts Steve Heminger, Executive Director, Metropolitan Transportation Commission, Oakland, California Chris T. Hendrickson, Duquesne Light Professor of Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Jeffrey D. Holt, Managing Director, Bank of Montreal Capital Markets, and Chairman, Utah Transportation Commission, Huntsville, Utah Gary P. LaGrange, President and CEO, Port of New Orleans, Louisiana Michael P. Lewis, Director, Rhode Island Department of Transportation, Providence Joan McDonald, Commissioner, New York State Department of Transportation, Albany Abbas Mohaddes, President and CEO, Iteris, Inc., Santa Ana, California Donald A. Osterberg, Senior Vice President, Safety and Security, Schneider National, Inc., Green Bay, Wisconsin Steven W. Palmer, Vice President of Transportation, Lowe’s Companies, Inc., Mooresville, North Carolina Sandra Rosenbloom, Professor, University of Texas, Austin (Past Chair, 2012) Henry G. (Gerry) Schwartz, Jr., Chairman (retired), Jacobs/Sverdrup Civil, Inc., St. Louis, Missouri Kumares C. Sinha, Olson Distinguished Professor of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana Gary C. Thomas, President and Executive Director, Dallas Area Rapid Transit, Dallas, Texas Paul Trombino III, Director, Iowa Department of Transportation, Ames Phillip A. Washington, General Manager, Regional Transportation District, Denver, Colorado Thomas P. Bostick (Lt. General, U.S. Army), Chief of Engineers and Commanding General, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Washington, D.C. (ex officio) Anne S. Ferro, Administrator, Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation (ex officio) David J. Friedman, Acting Administrator, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation (ex officio) John T. Gray II, Senior Vice President, Policy and Economics, Association of American Railroads, Washington, D.C. (ex officio) Michael P. Huerta, Administrator, Federal Aviation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation (ex officio) Paul N. Jaenichen, Sr., Acting Administrator, Maritime Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation (ex officio) Therese W. McMillan, Acting Administrator, Federal Transit Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation (ex officio) Michael P. Melaniphy, President and CEO, American Public Transportation Association, Washington, D.C. (ex officio) Victor M. Mendez, Administrator, Federal Highway Administration, and Acting Deputy Secretary, U.S. Department of Transportation (ex officio) Robert J. Papp (Adm., U.S. Coast Guard), Commandant, U.S. Coast Guard, U.S. Department of Homeland Security (ex officio) Lucy Phillips Priddy, Research Civil Engineer, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Vicksburg, Mississippi, and Chair, TRB Young Members Council (ex officio) Cynthia L. Quarterman, Administrator, Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation (ex officio) Peter M. Rogoff, Acting Under Secretary for Policy, U.S. Department of Transportation (ex officio) Craig A. Rutland, U.S. Air Force Pavement Engineer, Air Force Civil Engineer Center, Tyndall Air Force Base, Florida (ex officio) Joseph C. Szabo, Administrator, Federal Railroad Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation (ex officio) Barry R. Wallerstein, Executive Officer, South Coast Air Quality Management District, Diamond Bar, California (ex officio) Gregory D. Winfree, Assistant Secretary for Research and Technology, Office of the Secretary, U.S. Department of Transportation (ex officio) Frederick G. (Bud) Wright, Executive Director, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, D.C. (ex officio) *  Membership as of March 2014. 

SPECIAL Transportation Investments in REPORT Response to Economic Downturns 312 This report provides guidance for federal and state officials on the best ways to use stimulus funds for transportation in the future and methods for evaluating such investments. The report examines lessons learned and impacts from the states’ management of the transportation component of the Transportation Special Report 312 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, which provided $48.1 billion for U.S. Department of Transportation programs. The committee that authored the report found that investing in transpor- tation infrastructure can be an appropriate part of an economic stimulus program. The committee recommends programmatic changes to enhance the role of transportation infrastructure investments in future economic downturns and periods of prolonged high unemployment. Investments in Also of Interest Critical Issues in Transportation: 2013 Response to Transportation Investments in Response to Economic Downturns TRB, 16 pages, 8.5 × 11, electronic, 2013, http://www.trb.org/Economics/Blurbs/169945.aspx Economic Downturns Development of Tools for Assessing Wider Economic Benefits of Transportation SHRP 2 Report S2-C11-RW-1, 140 pages, 8.5 × 11, electronic, 2013, http://www.trb.org/Economics/ Blurbs/169524.aspx Methodologies to Estimate the Economic Impacts of Disruptions to the Goods Movement System NCHRP Report 732, ISBN 978-0-309-25856-2, 95 pages, 8.5 × 11, paperback, 2012, $57.00 Methodology for Determining the Economic Development Impacts of Transit Projects TCRP Web-Only Document 56, 365 pages, 8.5 × 11, electronic, 2012, http://www.trb.org/Economics/ Blurbs/167284.aspx Engineering Economic Analysis Practices for Highway Investment NCHRP Synthesis of Highway Practice 424, ISBN 978-0-309-22343-0, 118 pages, 8.5 × 11, paperback, 2012, $60.00 Public Transportation Systems as the Foundation for Economic Growth TCRP Research Results Digest 102, ISBN 978-0-309-21320-2, 67 pages, 8.5 × 11, paperback, 2011, $26.00 Choosing the Nation’s Fiscal Future National Academies Press, ISBN 978-0-309-14723-1, 268 pages, 8.5 × 11, paperback, 2010, $53.95 Airport Economic Impact Methods and Models ACRP Synthesis 7, ISBN 978-0-309-09802-1, 67 pages, 8.5 × 11, paperback, 2008, $45.00 ISBN 978-0-309-29492-8 90000 9 780309 294928