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Measures of Community Resilience for Local Decision Makers: Proceedings of a Workshop (2017)

Chapter: Appendix B Approaches and Indexes for Building Resilience

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B Approaches and Indexes for Building Resilience." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2017. Measures of Community Resilience for Local Decision Makers: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21911.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B Approaches and Indexes for Building Resilience." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2017. Measures of Community Resilience for Local Decision Makers: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21911.
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TABLE B-1 Top Down Approaches and Indexes for Building Resilience

TOP DOWN Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) – United Nations DFID Interagency Group San Francisco Planning & Urban Research Association (SPUR) Baseline Resilience Indicator for Communities (BRIC) ResilUS PEOPLES Resilience Network
Purpose Prioritize risk reduction (RR) in communities Shows what a disaster resilient community might look like Measure ability to recover from earthquakes Measure overall pre-existing community resilience Recovery over time of critical services and community capital Holistic framework for designing and measuring resilience
Target categories Institutions and actions promoting risk reduction, preparedness, response Governance; risk assessment; knowledge and education; risk management; disaster preparedness and response Buildings and infrastructure, services restoration Infrastructure, ecosystems, institutions, economic, social, community capacity Ability to perform; opportunity to perform of critical infrastructure Population; environment; government services; physical infrastructure; lifestyle; economic; sociocultural capital
Scale? Who measures? Hazards? National Local, national Local, earthquakes Local, national comparisons Local, earthquake case study Local, no case study
Quantitative or Qualitative? Qualitative Qualitative Semi-quantitative Quantitative Quantitative Quantitative, Qualitative
Costs to measure $$ $$ $$ $ $$ $$$
Infosources Existing institutional reported info Local, field work, interviews Existing engineering info Academic research and community info Academic research Academic research
Additional Information https://www.unisdr.org/we/coordinate/hfa http://practicalaction.org/docs/ia1/community-characteristics-en-lowres.pdf http://www.spur.org/ http://webra.cas.sc.edu/hvri/feature/docs/BRIC_Fact_Sheet.pdf https://huxley.wwu.edu/ri/resilus http://peoplesresilience.org/

SOURCE: Presentation by Dr. Susan Cutter on “The Landscape of Resilience Measures” to the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, September 5, 2014, Washington, DC

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B Approaches and Indexes for Building Resilience." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2017. Measures of Community Resilience for Local Decision Makers: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21911.
×

TABLE B-2 Bottom Up Approaches and Indexes for Building Resilience

BOTTOM UP NOAA Coastal Resilience Index Communities Advancing Resilience Toolkit (CART) Toolkit for Health and Resilience in Vulnerable Environments (THRIVE)
Purpose Help community predict if they will function well after disaster Enhance community resilience through planning and action Help communities bolster health outcomes
Target categories Critical infrastructure and facilities; transportation; community plans; mitigation measures; business plans; social systems Connection and caring, resources, transformative potential, disaster management Communities of color to remedy health disparities
Scale? Who measures? Hazards? Local; bottom-up Local; bottom-up Local; bottom-up and top-down
Hazard specific? Adaptable to community’s hazards All hazards No
Quantitative or Qualitative? Qualitative Qualitative Semi-quantitative
Costs to measure $ $$ $
Infosources Existing community info Existing community info, surveys, key informant interviews Academic research and community info
Additional Information http://masgc.org/assets/uploads/publications/662/coastal_community_resilience_index.pdf https://www.oumedicine.com/docs/ad-psychiatry-workfiles/cart_online-final_042012.pdf?sfvrsn=2 https://www.preventioninstitute.org/tools/thrive-tool-health-resilience-vulnerable-environments

SOURCE: Presentation by Dr. Susan Cutter on “The Landscape of Resilience Measures” to the Academies, September 5, 2014, Washington, DC

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B Approaches and Indexes for Building Resilience." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2017. Measures of Community Resilience for Local Decision Makers: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21911.
×

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B Approaches and Indexes for Building Resilience." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2017. Measures of Community Resilience for Local Decision Makers: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21911.
×
Page 33
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B Approaches and Indexes for Building Resilience." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2017. Measures of Community Resilience for Local Decision Makers: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21911.
×
Page 34
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B Approaches and Indexes for Building Resilience." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2017. Measures of Community Resilience for Local Decision Makers: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21911.
×
Page 35
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B Approaches and Indexes for Building Resilience." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2017. Measures of Community Resilience for Local Decision Makers: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21911.
×
Page 36
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The 2012 National Research Council report, Disaster Resilience: A National Imperative, identified the development and use of resilience measures as critical to building resilient communities. Although many kinds of resilience measures and measuring tools have and continue to be developed, very few communities consistently use them as part of their planning or resilience building efforts. Since federal or top-down programs to build resilience often yield mixed results, bottom-up approaches are needed, but are often difficult for communities to implement alone. A major challenge for many communities in developing their own approaches to resilience measures is identifying a starting point and defining the process. Other challenges include lack of political will due to competing priorities and limited resources, finite time and staff to devote to developing resilience measures, lack of data availability and/or inadequate data sharing among community stakeholders, and a limited understanding of hazards and/or risks.

Building on existing work, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine organized a workshop in July 2015 to facilitate the exchange of knowledge and information about ways to advance the development and implementation of resilience measures by and within diverse communities. Participants worked to gain a better understanding of the challenges these communities face in the pursuit of resilience and determine whether the approach used during this workshop can help guide communities in their efforts to build their own measures of resilience. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.

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