Airport Parking Garage Lighting Solutions (2015)

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64 The terms used in this section are included here with some description regarding how they apply to the specific sources discussed in this report. Correlated color temperature (CCT) – The absolute temperature of a blackbody whose chroma- ticity most nearly resembles that of a light source. This is seen when heating a piece of metal: first it becomes slightly red, then bright red, then orange, and then bright white. Sources with a lower CCT appear more yellow, red, and orange (often defined as warmer), and sources with higher CCT appear more white, shifting to green and blue (often defined as cooler). Color rendering index (CRI) – Measure of the degree of color shift objects undergo when illumi- nated by the light source as compared with the color of those same objects when illuminated by a reference source of comparable color temperature. Illuminance – The areal density of luminous flux incident on a surface, measured in lux (lx). Horizontal illuminance – The illuminance falling on a horizontal plane. Lumen – The SI unit of luminous flux. Radiometrically, it is determined from the radiant power. Photometrically, it is the luminous flux emitted within a unit solid angle (one steradian) by a point source having a uniform luminous intensity of one candela. Lumen maintenance – The lumen maintenance of a source is shown as the percentage of reduc- tion in lumen output of the source over time. Most sources will degrade in output depending on hours of operation. Luminaire efficiency – The ratio of the luminous flux emitted by the luminaire to that emitted by the lamp or lamps used therein. For this report, the term will refer to luminaire lumens divided by total lamp lumens. Luminance – The luminous flux leaving a surface in a given direction, measured in candelas per meter squared (cd/m2). Luminous efficacy – The quotient of the total luminous flux emitted by the total lamp power input, expressed in terms of lumens/watt. For this report, it is used as the total lumens produced by the lamp divided by the total power consumed by the light sources and ballast/driver. Mesopic – Light levels between the photopic and scotopic levels, typical of roadway lighting. Photopic – High light-level conditions, where visual field luminances are over approximately 3.4 cd/m2. Rated life – The life value assigned to a particular type of lamp. Different sources are rated in different ways. Some have rated life stated as a certain percentage of lamp failures, and others are rated by a certain percentage of lumen depreciation of the source. A P P E N D I X B Glossary of Terms

Glossary of Terms 65 RoHS/TCLP – Reduction of Hazardous Substances, which is a European directive restricting lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyl (PBB), and poly- brominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) in electronics products; and Toxic Characteristic Leaching Procedure, which is a procedure to classify waste as hazardous or non-hazardous under the U.S. Resource Conservation & Recovery Act. Scotopic – Low light-level conditions, where the visual field luminances are less than 0.001 cd/m2, well below moonlight levels. Vertical illuminance – The illuminance falling on a vertical plane.

Abbreviations and acronyms used without definitions in TRB publications: A4A Airlines for America AAAE American Association of Airport Executives AASHO American Association of State Highway Officials AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials ACI–NA Airports Council International–North America ACRP Airport Cooperative Research Program ADA Americans with Disabilities Act APTA American Public Transportation Association ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials ATA American Trucking Associations CTAA Community Transportation Association of America CTBSSP Commercial Truck and Bus Safety Synthesis Program DHS Department of Homeland Security DOE Department of Energy EPA Environmental Protection Agency FAA Federal Aviation Administration FHWA Federal Highway Administration FMCSA Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration FRA Federal Railroad Administration FTA Federal Transit Administration HMCRP Hazardous Materials Cooperative Research Program IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ISTEA Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 ITE Institute of Transportation Engineers MAP-21 Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (2012) NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASAO National Association of State Aviation Officials NCFRP National Cooperative Freight Research Program NCHRP National Cooperative Highway Research Program NHTSA National Highway Traffic Safety Administration NTSB National Transportation Safety Board PHMSA Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration RITA Research and Innovative Technology Administration SAE Society of Automotive Engineers SAFETEA-LU Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (2005) TCRP Transit Cooperative Research Program TEA-21 Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (1998) TRB Transportation Research Board TSA Transportation Security Administration U.S.DOT United States Department of Transportation