Bridges for Service Life Beyond 100 Years: Service Limit State Design (2014)

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313 The data in the various steel-category plots (A through E′) are from Keating and Fisher 1986. The data on the plots for steel reinforcement in tension are from Fisher and Viest 1961; Pfister and Hognestad 1964; Burton and Hognestad 1967; Hanson et al. 1968; Helgason et al. 1976; Lash 1969; MacGregor et al. 1971; and Amorn et al. 2007. The data for the plots of concrete in compression are from Hilsdorf and Kesler 1966. A p p e n d i x e Normal Probability Plots of Fatigue Data for the Various Detail Categories Figure E.1. Normal probability plot of Detail Category A fatigue data.

314 Figure E.3. Normal probability plot of Detail Category B fatigue data. Figure E.2. Normal probability plot of Detail Category A truncated fatigue data with best fit line.

315 Figure E.5. Normal probability plot of Detail Category B fatigue data. Figure E.4. Normal probability plot of Detail Category B truncated fatigue data with best fit line.

316 Figure E.6. Normal probability plot of Detail Category B truncated fatigue data with best fit line. Figure E.7. Normal probability plot of Detail Categories C and C fatigue data.

317 Figure E.9. Normal probability plot of Detail Category D fatigue data. Figure E.8. Normal probability plot of Detail Categories C and C truncated fatigue data with best fit line.

318 Figure E.11. Normal probability plot of Detail Category E fatigue data. Figure E.10. Normal probability plot of Detail Category D truncated fatigue data with best fit line.

319 Figure E.13. Normal probability plot of Detail Category E fatigue data. Figure E.12. Normal probability plot of Detail Category E truncated fatigue data with best fit line.

320 Figure E.15. Normal probability plot for concrete in compression. Figure E.14. Normal probability plot of Detail Category E truncated fatigue data with best fit line. Figure E.16. Normal probability plot for concrete in compression truncated fatigue data with best fit line.

321 Figure E.17. Normal probability plot for steel reinforcement in tension. Figure E.18. Normal probability plot for steel reinforcement in tension truncated fatigue data with best fit line. References Amorn, W., J. Bowers, A. Girgis, and M. Tadros. 2007. Fatigue of Deformed Welded-Wire Reinforcement. Journal, Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute, Vol. 52, No. 1, pp. 106–120. Burton, K., and E. Hognestad. 1967. Fatigue Test of Reinforcing Bars-Tack Welding of Stirrups. Journal, American Concrete Institute, Vol. 64, No. 5, pp. 244–252. Fisher, J., and I. Viest. 1961. Special Report 66: Fatigue Tests of Bridge Materials of the AASHO Road Test. HRB, National Research Council, Washington, D.C. Hanson, J., K. Burton, and E. Hognestad. 1968. Fatigue Tests of Re - inforcing Bars: Effect of Deformation Pattern. Journal of the Portland Cement Association Research and Development Laboratories, Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 2–13. Helgason, T., J. Hanson, N. Somes, W. Corley, and E. Hognestad. 1976. NCHRP Report 164: Fatigue Strength of High-Yield Reinforcing Bars. TRB, National Research Council, Washington, D.C. Hilsdorf, H., and C. Kesler. 1966. Fatigue Strength of Concrete Under Varying Flexural Stresses. Journal Proceedings, American Concrete Institute, Vol. 63, No. 10, pp. 1059–1076. Keating, P., and J. Fisher. 1986. NCHRP Report 286: Evaluation of Fatigue Tests and Design Criteria on Welded Details. TRB, National Research Council, Washington, D.C. Lash, S. 1969. Can High-Strength Reinforcement Be Used in Highway Bridges? In First International Symposium on Concrete Bridge Design, SP-23, American Concrete Institute, Detroit, Mich., pp. 283–300. MacGregor, J., I. Jhamb, and N. Nuttall. 1971. Fatigue Strength of Hot- Rolled Deformed Reinforcing Bars. Journal Proceedings, American Concrete Institute, Vol. 68, No. 3, pp. 169–179. Pfister, J., and E. Hognestad. 1964. High-Strength Bars As Concrete Re inforcement, Part 6: Fatigue Tests. Journal of the Portland Cement Association Research and Development Laboratories, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 65–84.