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Page 52
Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2013. Methods for Evaluating Fly Ash for Use in Highway Concrete. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22483.
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Page 52
Page 53
Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2013. Methods for Evaluating Fly Ash for Use in Highway Concrete. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22483.
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Page 53

Below is the uncorrected machine-read text of this chapter, intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text of each book. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.

52 American Coal Ash Association. 2011. Coal Combustion Product (CCP) Production and Use Survey. American Coal Ash Association, Aurora, Colo., Feb. http://acaa.affiniscape.com/associations/8003/ files/2009_CCP_Production_Use_Survey_Corrected_020811.pdf. Accessed May 9, 2011. Baltrus, J. P. and R. B. LaCount. 2001. Measurements of Adsorption of Air-Entraining Admixture on Fly Ash in Concrete and Cement. Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 31, Issue 5, pp. 819–824. Brown R. C. and J. Dykstra. 1995. Systematic Errors in the Use of Loss- on-Ignition to Measure Unburned Carbon in Fly Ash. Fuel. Vol. 74, Issue 4, April, pp. 570–574. Bumrongjaroen, W., I. Muller, R. A. Livingston, and J. Davis. 2011. A Performance-Based Fly Ash Classification System Using Glassy Particle Chemical Composition Data. Proc., World of Coal Ash Conference. Denver, Colo. May. Crittenden, J. C., R. R. Trussell, D. W. Hand, K. J. Howe, and G. Tchobanoglous. 2005. Coagulation, Mixing, and Flocculation. Water Treatment Principles and Design, 2nd ed., John Wiley and Sons, Inc., N. J., pp. 655–658. Cross, W., E. Duke, J. Kellar, and D. Johnston. 2000. Investigation of Low Compressive Strengths of Concrete Paving, Precast and Structural Concrete. Report SD1998-03-F. SDDOT/Office of Research, South Dakota Department of Transportation. http://www.sddot.com/ business/research/projects/docs/SD1998_03_FINAL_report.pdf. Accessed May 9, 2011. Davis, R. E., R. W. Carlson, J. W. Kelly, and H. E. Davis. 1937. Proper- ties of Cements and Concretes Containing Fly Ash. Proc., American Concrete Institute, Vol. 33, Issue 5, pp. 577–612. Dhole, R., M. D. A. Thomas, K. J. Folliard, and T. Drimalas. 2011. Sulfate Resistance of Mortar Mixtures of High-Calcium Fly Ashes and Other Pozzolans. ACI Materials Journal, Vol. 108, No. 6, Nov., pp. 645–654. Diamond, S. 1981. Effects of Two Danish Fly Ashes on Alkali Contents of Pore Solutions of Cement-Fly Ash Pastes. Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 11, Issue 3, May, pp. 383–394. Dodson, V. H. 1990. Concrete Admixtures. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, pp. 137–162. Eaton, A. D., L. S. Clesceri, E. W. Rice, A. E. Greenberg, and M. H. Franson, eds. 2005. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater: Centennial Edition, 21st ed. Port City Press, Baltimore, Md., pp. 4-58–4-60. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). 2006. Identifying Incom- patible Combinations of Concrete Materials: Volume II – Test Protocol. Publication No. FHWA-HRT-06-080. U.S. Department of Transportation. Freeman, E., Y. M. Gao, R. H. Hurt, and E. M. Suuberg. 1997. Interactions of Carbon-Containing Fly Ash with Commercial Air-Entraining Admixtures for Concrete. Fuel, Vol. 76, No. 8, pp. 761–765. Gebler, S., and P. Klieger. 1983. Effect of Fly Ash on the Air-Void Stabil- ity of Concrete. Proc., 1st International Conference on the Use of Fly Ash, Silica Fume, Slag and Other Mineral By-Products in Concrete, Montebello, Quebec, Canada, July–Aug. Grace Construction Products. 2006. The Foam Index Test: A Rapid Indicator of Relative AEA Demand. TB-0202, Grace Construction Products, Columbia, Md. www.na.graceconstruction.com/custom/ concrete/downloads/TB_0202.pdf. Accessed May 9, 2011. Gurupira, T. Z., M. P. Ochsenbein, J. M. Stencel, and F. Martinus. 2005. Development of an Automated Foam Index Test. Proceedings of the 2005 World of Coal Ash, April 11–15, Lexington, Ky. Gutmann, P. F. 1988. Bubble Characteristics as They Pertain to Compres- sive Strength and Freeze-Thaw Durability. ACI Materials Journal, Vol. 85, No. 5, Sept.–Oct., pp. 361–366. Harris, N. J., K. C. Hover, K. J. Folliard, and M. T. Ley. 2008a. The Use of the Foam Index Test to Predict AEA Dosage in Concrete Containing Fly Ash: Part I—Evaluation of the State of Practice. Journal of ASTM International, Vol. 5, No. 7. Harris, N. J., K. C. Hover, K. J. Folliard, and M. T. Ley. 2008b. The Use of the Foam Index Test to Predict AEA Dosage in Concrete Containing Fly Ash: Part II—Development of a Standard Test Method: Appa- ratus and Procedure. Journal of ASTM International, Vol. 5, No. 7. Harris, N. J., K. C. Hover, K. J. Folliard, and M. T. Ley. 2008c. The Use of the Foam Index Test to Predict AEA Dosage in Concrete Containing Fly Ash: Part III—Development of a Standard Test Method: Proportions of Materials. Journal of ASTM International, Vol. 5, No. 7. Hemmings, R. T. and E. E. Berry. 1988. On the Glass in Coal Fly Ashes: Recent Advances. Fly Ash and Coal Conversion By-Products: Characterization, Utilization and Disposal IV (G. J. McCarthy, F. P. Glasser, D. M. Roy, and R. T. Hemmings, eds.), Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, Pittsburgh, Pa., Vol. 113, pp. 3–38. Hooton, R. D. and J. J. Emery. 1983. 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53 Keil, F. 1952. Slag Cements. Proc., 3rd International Symposium on the Chemistry of Cements, Cement and Concrete Association, London, pp. 530–571. Külaots, I., Y. M. Gao, R. H. Hurt, and E. M. Suuberg. 1998. Surface Characteristics of Unburned Carbon on Fly Ash and their Influ- ence on Foam Index Testing. Proc., Conference on Unburned Car- bon on Utility Fly Ash, U.S. Department of Energy, Federal Energy Technology Center, Pittsburgh, Pa., pp. 53–54. Külaots, I., A. Hsu, R. H. Hurt, and E. M. Suuberg. 2003. Adsorption of Surfactants on Unburned Carbon in Fly Ash and Development of a Standardized Foam Index Test. Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 33, Issue 12, Dec., pp. 2091–2099. Külaots I., R. H. Hurt, and E. M. Suuberg. 2004. Size Distribution of Unburned Carbon in Coal Fly Ash and its Implications. Fuel, Vol. 83, pp. 223–230. Lea, F. M. 1970. The Chemistry of Cements and Concrete, 3rd ed., Edward Arnold Ltd., London. Manz, O. E. 1986. Proposed Revisions to Specifications and Test Meth- ods for Use of Fly Ash in Portland Cement Concrete. Proc., 2nd International Conference on Fly Ash, Silica Fume, Slag, and Natural Pozzolans in Concrete, Madrid, Spain, ACI SP-91, pp. 659–680. Mehta, P. K. 1986. Standard Specifications for Mineral Admixtures— an Overview. Proc., 2nd International Conference on Fly Ash, Silica Fume, Slag, and Natural Pozzolans in Concrete, Madrid, Spain, ACI SP-91, pp. 637–658. Mehta, P. K. and P. J. M. Monteiro. 2006. Concrete Microstructure, Prop- erties, and Materials. McGraw Hill Professional, 659 pp. Meininger, R. C. 1981. Use of Fly Ash in Concrete, Report of Recent NSGA-NRMCA Research Laboratory Studies, Series J 153. Techni- cal Information Letter No. 381, National Ready-Mixed Concrete Association, Silver Spring, Md., April. Nagi, M., P. Okamoto, R. Kozikowski, and K. Hover. 2007. NCHRP Report 578: Evaluating Air-Entraining Admixtures for Highway Con- crete. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C. Pal, S. C., A. Mukherjee, and S. R. Pathak. 2003. Investigation of Hydraulic Activity of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag in Concrete. Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 33, Issue 9, Sept., pp. 1481–1486. Roy, D. 2002. NCHRP Research Results Digest 270: Relationship of Port- land Cement Characteristics to Concrete Durability. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C. Schlorholtz, S. M. 2006. Chapter 43–Supplementary Cementitious Materials. Significance of Tests and Properties of Concrete and Concrete- Making Materials (J. Lamond and J. Pielert, eds.), ASTM STP 169D, American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, Pa., pp. 495–511. Separation Technologies. 2000. Foam Index Procedure. Unpublished Test Procedure. Needham, Mass. Shehata, M. H. and M. D. A. Thomas. 2006. Alkali Release Character- istics of Blended Cements. Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 36, Issue 6, June, pp. 1166–1175. Stencel, J. M., H. Song, and F. Cangialosi. 2009. Automated Foam Index Test: Quantifying Air-Entraining Agent Addition and Interactions with Fly Ash–Cement Admixtures. Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 39, pp. 362–370. Sutter, L. L. 2007. Evaluation of Methods for Characterizing Air-Void Systems in Wisconsin Paving Concrete. Wisconsin Department of Transportation, Madison, Wis. Taylor, P. C., V. C. Johansen, L. A. Graf, R. L. Kozikowski, J. Z. Zemajtis, and C. F. Ferraris. 2006. Identifying Incompatible Combinations of Concrete Materials: Volume II—Test Protocol. Publication No. FHWA-HRT-06-080. Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Depart- ment of Transportation. Taylor, J. K. 1990. Statistical Techniques for Data Analysis. Lewis Publishers, Inc., Chelsea, Mich., pp. 41–60. Thomas, M. D. A. 2011. The Effect of Supplementary Cementing Mate- rials on Alkali-Silica Reaction: A Review. Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 41, Issue 12, Dec., pp. 1224–1231. Youden, W. J. 1951. Statistical Methods for Chemists. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, pp. 33–37. Yu, J., I. Külaots, N. Sabanegh, Y. Gao, R. H. Hurt, E. S. Suuberg, and A. Mehta. 2000. Adsorptive and Optical Properties of Fly Ash from Coal and Petroleum Coke Co-Firing. Energy & Fuels, Vol. 14, Issue 3, pp. 591–596. Zacarias, P. 2000. Modified Foam Index for Class C Fly Ashes. Unpub- lished Test Procedure. LaFarge Canada Inc., Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

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TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) 749: Methods for Evaluating Fly Ash for Use in Highway Concrete presents suggested changes to coal fly ash specifications and test protocols contained in American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Standard Specifications for Transportation Materials and Methods of Sampling and Testing (AASHTO M 295).

The changes suggested include modifications to the test methods currently specified for evaluating acceptability of fly ash for use in highway concrete as well as the introduction of new test methods for enhancing such evaluations.

Attachment C: Details of the Research into Methods for Evaluating Fly Ash Use in Highway Concrete is only available online.

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