Mapping Voids, Debonding, Delaminations, Moisture, and Other Defects Behind or Within Tunnel Linings (2013)

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290 a p p e N D I x r Estimated Depths to Defects from Nondestructive Testing Table R.1. Eisenhower Memorial Tunnel, Colorado (10/3/2011 to 10/4/2011) First Layer Reinforcement Suspected Backwall Suspected Delamination Suspected Crack Other Unknown Segment 8 +17 ft, Eastbound UST measured depth 4.2 in. (to center) na na na 16.2 in. Segment 8 +22.5 ft, Eastbound UST measured depth 3.7 in. to 5.1 in. (to center) na na na 17.2 in. Segment 10 +6.5 ft, Eastbound UST measured depth 4.1 in. (to center) na na na 16.1 in. Segment 11 +3.4 ft, Eastbound BAM’s GPR measured depth 2 in. to 3 in. na na na 16 in. BAM’s ultrasonic echo measured depth 2 in. to 3 in. na na na 16 in. BAM’s IE measured depth na na na na na Note: BAM = Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing; GPR = ground-penetrating radar; IE = impact echo; na = not applicable; UST = ultrasonic tomography.

291 Table R.2. Hanging Lake Tunnel, Colorado (10/5/2011 to 10/6/2011) First Layer Reinforcement Suspected Backwall Suspected Delamination Suspected Crack Other Unknown Segment 58 +Unknown Distance, Eastbound BAM’s GPR measured depth 4 in. to 6 in. to 3 in. na na na na BAM’s ultrasonic echo measured depth 6 in. na na na na BAM’s IE measured depth na na na na na Segment 57 +4.2 ft, Eastbound BAM’s GPR measured depth 5 in. to 8 in. na na <3 in. na BAM’s ultrasonic echo measured depth 6 in. na na <6 in. na BAM’s IE measured depth na na na na 22 in. Segment 57 +3.4 ft, Eastbound UST measured depth 4.6 in. to 6.2 in. (to center) 27.6 in. 12.3 in. Cracks extending to depth of delamination na Segment 57 +2.2 ft, Eastbound BAM’s GPR measured depth 1 in. to 6 in. to 3 in. na na na 12 in. to 16 in. BAM’s ultrasonic echo measured depth 4 in. to 6 in. na na na 12 in. to 16 in. BAM’s IE measured depth na 22 in. to 24 in. na na 12 in. Segment 54/55 Joint, Eastbound UST measured depth 3.6 in. (to center) na na na Possible voids 9 in. deep Segment 49 +11 ft, Eastbound UST measured depth 4.3 in. to 5.1 in. (to center) 29.6 in. to 32.4 in. na na na Segment 49 +6 ft, Eastbound UST measured depth 3.7 in. (to center) 24.5 in. to 29.6 in. na na na Segment 55 +16 ft, Eastbound UST measured depth 2.9 in. to 5.1 in. (to center) na 8 in. to 20 in. Cracks extending to depth of delamination na Note: BAM = Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing; GPR = ground-penetrating radar; IE = impact echo; na = not applicable; UST = ultrasonic tomography.

292 Table R.3. Chesapeake Channel Tunnel, Virginia (10/11/2011 to 10/13/2011) First Layer Reinforcement Suspected Backwall Suspected Delamination Suspected Crack Other Unknown Station 471 +80 ft, Southbound UST measured depth 2.4 in. to 4.4 in. (to center) 24.7 in. na na na Station 473 +56 ft, Southbound UST measured depth 2.3 in. (to center) 24.4 in. na na na Station 474 +27 ft, Southbound BAM’s GPR measured depth 1.5 in. to 3 in. na na na na BAM’s ultrasonic echo measured depth 2 in. 24 in. na na 15 in. BAM’s IE measured depth na 22 in. to 24 in. na na Indirectly Station 474 +27 ft, Southbound UST measured depth 2.0 in. to 2.6 in. (to center) 24.1 in. na 9.0 in. Possible voids from surface to 9-in. deep in isolated area Station 481 +76 ft, Southbound BAM’s GPR measured depth 2.5 in. to 4 in. na na na na BAM’s ultrasonic echo measured depth 2 in. to 4 in. 28 in. na na 20 in. BAM’s IE measured depth na 27 in. na na 20 in. Station 486 +67 ft, Northbound UST measured depth 2.2 in. (to center) 24.1 in. to 26.0 in. 19.2 in. and 2.2 in. in two locations Cracks extending to depth of deepest delamination na BAM’s GPR measured depth 1.6 in. to 3 in. na na na na BAM’s ultrasonic echo measured depth 2 in. 25 in. na na 2 in. BAM’s IE measured depth na 25 in. na na Indirectly Station 486 +67 ft, Southbound UST measured depth 2.0 in. to 3.0 in. (to center) 24.3 in. to 26.0 in. na 8.6 in. na Station 491 +25 ft (Area Extended from Southbound to Northbound) UST measured depth 2.7 in. to 3.2 in. (to center) 22.7 in. to 25.9 in. 17.7 in. 9.8 in. na Station 488 (Southbound Tile Lining) UST measured depth 4.3 in. to 7.7 in. (to center) 25.0 in. to 30.0 in. 15.7 in. na na Station 486 +9 ft (Southbound Tile Lining) UST measured depth 4.8 in. to 9.4 in. (to center) 28.1 in. to 31.0 in. na 8.6 in. na Between Station 486 +28 ft and Station 487 (Southbound Tile Lining) BAM’s GPR measured depth 6 in. to 10 in. na na na na BAM’s ultrasonic echo measured depth na na na na na BAM’s IE measured depth na na na na Bonded and debonded tiles Station 481 +76 ft, Southbound UST measured depth 2.0 in. to 3.6 in. (to center) 26.6 in. to 28.4 in. 20.2 in. na na Note: BAM = Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing; GPR = ground-penetrating radar; IE = impact echo; na = not applicable; UST = ultrasonic tomography.