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Scour at Bridge Foundations on Rock (2012)

Chapter: References

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Page 167
Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. Scour at Bridge Foundations on Rock. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22779.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. Scour at Bridge Foundations on Rock. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22779.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. Scour at Bridge Foundations on Rock. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22779.
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Page 169
Page 170
Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. Scour at Bridge Foundations on Rock. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22779.
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Page 171
Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. Scour at Bridge Foundations on Rock. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22779.
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Below is the uncorrected machine-read text of this chapter, intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text of each book. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.

167 AASHTO, 1988, Manual on Subsurface Investigations: American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. Akhmedov, T. H., 1988, Calculation of the Depth of Scour in Rock Downstream of a Spillway: International Water and Power and Dam Construction IWPCDM, vol. 40, no. 12, 25–27. Allen, P. M., Arnold, J. G., and Skipwith, W., 2002, Erodibility of Urban Bedrock and Alluvial Channels, North Texas: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, vol. 38, no. 5, 1477–1492. Anderson, R. S., 1986, Erosion profiles due to particles entrained by wind: Application of an eolian sediment transport: Geological Society of America Bulletin, vol. 97, 1270–1278. Annandale, G. W., 1995, Erodibility: Journal of Hydraulic Research, vol. 33, 471–494. Annandale, G. W., 2000, Prediction of Scour at Bridge Pier Foundations Founded on Rock and Other Earth Materials: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1696, 67–70. Annandale, G. W., 2005, Discussion of “Fluvial Entrainment of Protruding Fractured Rock” by Stephen E. Coleman, Bruce W. Melville, and Lance Gore: ASCE, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, vol. 131, no. 2, 142–143. Annandale, G. W., 2006, Scour Technology: New York, McGraw-Hill. Annandale, G. W., 2007, Current state-of-the-art Rock Scouring Technology, in Biscontin, G. ed., Geotechnics of Soil Erosion: Proceedings of Geo-Denver 2007, February 18–21, 2007, Denver, Colorado, American Society of Civil Engineers Geotechnical Special Publication No. 167, 1–12. Arman, A., Samtani, N., Castelli, R., and Munfakh, G., 1997, Geotechnical and Foundation Engineering Module 1—Subsurface Investigations: Federal Highway Administration Report No. FHWA-HI-97-021, National Highway Institute Course No. 13231—Module 1. Arneson, L. A., and Shearman, J. O., 1998, User’s Manual for WSPRO—A Computer Model for Water Surface Profile Computations: Office of Technology Applications, Federal Highway Administration, FHWA Report No. FHWA-SA-98-080. ASTM C88, 2005, Standard Test Method for Soundness of Aggregates by Use of Sodium Sulfate or Magnesium Sulfate: American Society for Testing and Materials Procedure C88-05. ASTM C127, 2007, Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate: American Society for Testing and Materials Procedure C127-07. ASTM C131, 2006, Standard Test Method for Resistance to Degradation of Small-Size Coarse Aggregate by Abrasion and Impact in the Los Angeles Machine: American Society for Testing and Materials Procedure C131-06. ASTM D2937, 2010, Standard Test Method for Density of Soil in Place by the Drive-Cylinder Method: American Society for Testing and Materials Procedure D2937-10. ASTM D3967, 2008, Standard Test Method for Splitting Tensile Strength of Intact Rock Core Specimens: Ameri- can Society for Testing and Materials Procedure D3967-08. ASTM D4644, 2008, Standard Test Method for Slake Durability of Shales and Similar Weak Rocks: American Society for Testing and Materials Procedure D4644-08. ASTM D5878, 2005, Standard Guides for Using Rock-Mass Classification Systems for Engineering Purposes: American Society for Testing and Materials Procedure D5878-05. ASTM D6473, 2010, Standard Test Method for Specific Gravity and Absorption of Rock for Erosion Control: American Society for Testing and Materials Procedure D6473-10. ASTM D7012, 2010, Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength and Elastic Moduli of Intact Rock Core Specimens under Varying States of Stress and Temperatures: American Society for Testing and Materials Procedure D7012-10. Bagnold, R. A., 1966, An Approach to the Sediment Transport Problem from General Physics: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 422-I, I1–I37. References

168 Scour at Bridge Foundations on Rock Baker, V. R., 1974, Paleohydraulic Interpretation of Quaternary Alluvium near Golden, Colorado: Quaternary Research, vol. 4, 95–112. Baker, V. R., and Costa, J. E., 1987, Flood Power, in Mayer, L., and Nash, D., eds., Catastrophic Flooding: Boston, Allen & Unwin, 1–21. Barnes, H. L., 1956, Cavitation as a Geological Agent: American Journal of Science, vol. 254, 493–505. Barton, N., Lien, R., and Lunde, J., 1974, Engineering Classification of Rock Masses for the Design of Tunnel Support: Norwegian Geotechnical Institute, Oslo, Norway. Bieniawski, Z. T., 1989, Engineering Rock Mass Classifications. New York, John Wiley & Sons. Bollaert, E. F. R., 2002, Transient Water Pressures in Joints and Formation of Rock Scour due to High-Velocity Jet Impact: PhD Thesis N°2548, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland. Bollaert, E. F. R., 2004, A Comprehensive Model to Evaluate Scour Formation in Plunge Pools: International Journal on Hydropower & Dams, Issue One, 94–101. Bollaert, E. F. R., 2010, Numerical Modeling of Scour at Bridge Foundations on Rock, in Burns, S. E., Bhatia, S. K., Avila, C. M. C., and Hunt, B. E., eds., Scour and Erosion: Proceedings of the Fifth International Con- ference on Scour and Erosion, November 7–10, 2010, San Francisco, American Society of Civil Engineers Geotechnical Special Publication No. 210, 767–776. Bollaert, E. F. R., and Schleiss, A. J., 2003a, Scour of Rock due to the Impact of Plunging High Velocity Jets Part I: A State-of-the-Art Review: Journal of Hydraulic Research, vol. 41, no. 5, 451–464. Bollaert, E. F. R., and Schleiss, A. J., 2003b, Scour of Rock due to the Impact of Plunging High Velocity Jets Part II: Experimental Results of Dynamic Pressures at Pool Bottoms and in One- and Two-Dimensional Closed End Rock Joints: Journal of Hydraulic Research, vol. 41, no. 5, 465–480. Bollaert, E. F. R., and Schleiss, A. J., 2005, Physically Based Model for Evaluation of Rock Scour due to High- Velocity Jet Impact: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, vol. 131, no. 3, 153–165. Briaud, J.-L., 2008, 2007 Ralph B. Peck Award Lecture: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 134, no. 10, 1424–1447. Briaud, J.-L., Chen, H-C., Li, Y., and Nurtjahyo, P., 2004a, SRICOS-EFA Method for Complex Piers in Fine- Grained Soils: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 130, no. 11, 1180–1191. Briaud, J.-L., Chen, H-C., Li, Y., Nurtjahyo, P., and Wang, J., 2004b, Pier and Contraction Scour in Cohesive Soils: Washington, DC, Transportation Research Board, National Cooperative Highway Research Program Report 516. Burwell, E. B., Jr., and Moneymaker, B. C., 1950, Geology in Dam Construction. In Application of Geology to Engineering Practice (Paige, S., ed.), Boulder, CO, Geological Society of America, Berkey Volume, 11–43. Caltrans, 2002, Guidelines for Foundation Investigations and Reports: California Department of Transportation, Division of Engineering Services, Geotechnical Services, version 1.2. Coleman, S. E., Melville, B. W., and Gore, L., 2003, Fluvial entrainment of protruding fractured rock: ASCE, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, vol. 129, no. 11, 872–884. Coleman, S. E., Melville, B. W., and Gore, L., 2005, Closure to “Fluvial Entrainment of Protruding Fractured Rock” by Stephen E. Coleman, Bruce W. Melville, and Lance Gore: ASCE, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, vol. 131, no. 2, 143–144. Costa, J. E., and O’Connor, J. E., 1995, Geomorphically Effective Floods, in Natural and Anthropogenic Influ- ences in Fluvial Geomorphology—Wolman Volume: Costa, J. E., Miller, A. J., Potter, K. W., and Wilcock, P. R., eds., Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union Geophysical Monograph 89, 45–56. DeVries, J. J., 1982, Hydrologic Analysis of Ungaged Watersheds Using HEC-1: US Army Corps of Engineers, Institute for Water Resources, Hydrologic Engineering Center (HEC), Davis, CA, TD-15. Dickenson, S. E., and Baillie, M. W., 1999, Predicting Scour in Weak Rock of the Oregon Coast Range: unpub- lished research report, Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, Final Report SPR 382, Oregon Department of Transportation and Report No. FHWA-OR-RD-00-04. Douglass, S. L., and Krolak, J., 2008, Highways in the Coastal Environment: Hydraulic Engineering Circular No. 25 Second Edition, Federal Highway Administration Publication No. FHWA-NHI-07-096. FHWA, 1991a, Scourability of Rock Formations: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration Memorandum HNG-31, July 19, 1991, included in Appendix M of Richardson and Davis, 2001. FHWA, 1991b, Evaluating Scour at Bridges: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administra- tion Technical Advisory T 5140.23, October 28, 1991, online at FHWA website http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/ legsregs/directives/techadvs/t514023.htm, accessed December 2009. Flynn, K. M., Kirby, W. H., and Hummel, P. R., 2006, User’s manual for program PeakFQ, Annual Flood Fre- quency Analysis Using Bulletin 17B Guidelines: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods Book 4, Chapter B4, 42 p, online at USGS website http://water.usgs.gov/software/PeakFQ/, accessed December 2009.

References 169 Foley, M. G., 1980, Bed-rock incision by streams: Geological Society of America Bulletin, vol. 91, no. 10, I 577–578 and II 2189–2213. Froehlich, D. C., Hopkins, T. C., and Beckham, T. L., 1999, Preliminary Assessment of Local Scour Potential at Bridge Piers Founded on Rock, in Richardson, E. V., and Lagasse, P. F. eds., Stream Stability and Scour at Highway Bridges: Water Resources Engineering Division, ASCE, Reston, VA, 976–980. Graf, W. H., 1971, Hydraulics of Sediment Transport: New York, McGraw-Hill Book Co. Hancock, G. S., Anderson, R. S., and Whipple, K. X., 1998, Beyond Power: Bedrock Incision Process and Form, in Tinkler, K. J., and Wohl, E. E., eds., Rivers Over Rock: Fluvial Processes in Bedrock Channels: American Geophysical Union, Geophysical Monograph 107, 35–60. 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170 Scour at Bridge Foundations on Rock NRCS, 1997, Earth Spillway Erosion Model: Chapter 51, Part 628, National Engineering Handbook, U.S. Depart- ment of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service, 210-VI-NEH; available online at http://policy. nrcs.usda.gov/OpenNonWebContent.aspx?content=18378.wba, accessed December 2009. NRCS, 2001, Field Procedures Guide for the Headcut Erodibility Index: Chapter 52, Part 628, National Engi- neering Handbook, U.S. Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service, 210-VI- NEH, rev; available online at http://policy.nrcs.usda.gov/OpenNonWebContent.aspx?content=18379.wba accessed December 2009. NRCS, 2002, Rock Material Field Classification System: Chapter 12, Part 631, National Engineering Handbook, U.S. Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service, 210-VI-NEH; available online at http://policy.nrcs.usda.gov/OpenNonWebContent.aspx?content=18395.wba, accessed December 2009. 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References 171 Ulusay, R., and Hudson, J. A., eds., 2006, The Complete ISRM Suggested Methods for Rock Characterization, Testing and Monitoring: 1974-2006: International Society for Rock Mechanics, Lisbon, Portugal. USACE, 1972, Systematic Drilling and Blasting for Surface Excavations: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Engineer- ing and Design Manual EM 1110-2-3800. USACE, 1989, Design of Sheet Pile Cellular Structures, Cofferdams, and Retaining Structures: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Engineering and Design Manual EM 1110-2-2503. USACE, 1994a, Channel Stability Assessment for Flood Control Projects: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Engi- neering and Design Manual EM 1110-2-1418. USACE, 1994b, Rock Foundations: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Engineering and Design Manual EM 1110-1-2908. USACE, 2001, Geotechnical Investigations: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Engineering and Design Manual EM 1110-1-1804. USACE, 2008, River Analysis System: Davis, CA, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Hydrologic Engineering Center Software HEC-RAS vol. 4.0.0, online at http://www.hec.usace.army.mil/software/hec-ras/, accessed December 2009. USBR, 1998, Engineering Geology Field Manual: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, vol. I, 2nd ed. USBR, 2001, Engineering Geology Field Manual: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, vol. II, 2nd ed. USGS, 1982, Guidelines for Determining Flood Flow Frequency: Bulletin 17B of the Hydrology Subcommittee of the Interagency Advisory Committee on Water Data, US Department of the Interior, Geological Survey, online at http://water.usgs.gov/osw/bulletin17b/bulletin_17B.html, accessed December 2009. Whipple, K. X., Hancock, G. S., and Anderson, R. S., 2000, River Incision into Bedrock: Mechanics and Rela- tive Efficacy of Plucking, Abrasion, and Cavitation: Geological Society of America Bulletin, vol. 112, no. 3, 490–503. Wiley, J. B., Atkins, Jr., J. T., and Tasker, G. D., 2000, Magnitude and Frequency of Peak Discharges for Rural, Unregulated Streams in West Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 00-4080. Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates and Mueser Rutledge Consulting Engineers, 1987, Collapse of the Thruway Bridge at Schoharie Creek: Consulting report prepared for the New York State Thruway Authority, Albany, NY. Wohl, E. E., 1999, Incised Bedrock Channels, in Darby, S. E., and Simon, A., eds., Incised River Channels: Wiley, 187–218. Wolman, M. G., and Gerson, R., 1978, Relative Scales of Time and Effectiveness of Climate in Watershed Geomorphology: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, vol. 3, 189 208. Yang, C. T., 1973, Incipient Motion and Sediment Transport: Journal of the Hydraulics Division, ASCE, vol. 99, HY10, 1679–1703.

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TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 717: Scour at Bridge Foundations on Rock presents a methodology for estimating the time rate of scour and the design scour depth for a bridge founded on rock. The report also includes design and construction guidelines for application of the methodology.

Appendices to NCHRP Report 717 are available online. Spreadsheets referenced in the appendices are available for download in a .zip file format.

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