Transit Security Update (2008)

Below is the uncorrected machine-read text of this chapter, intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text of each book. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.

114 APPENDIX C SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE Agency Name: ___________________________________________________________ National Transit Database ID: ______________________________________________ Address: _________________________________City/State/Zip Code:_____________ Respondent Name: ________________________________ Title:________________________ Telephone: _________________ Fax:___________________ E-mail:______________ Transit Security Update TCRP Synthesis SF-13 PLEASE NOTE: The information requested for this survey will not be reported in a manner specific to you or your agency. Contact information will be used only for follow-up or clarification by the survey team and agency responses will be held in strictest security and confidentiality. Survey responses will be reported only in the aggregate for the final document.

115 I. NATURE AND EXTENT OF SECURITY OFFENSES 1. Which of the following are the primary terrorist threats faced by your system? Check all that apply. Explosives Ƒ Radiological Ƒ Chemical Ƒ Cyber-crimes Ƒ Biological Ƒ Hijackings Ƒ Sabotage Ƒ Shootings Ƒ Other—Specify:________________ Ƒ 2. What performance measures does your system use to ascertain security levels, as well as the effectiveness of security interventions? A few example measures follow; if any other or additional measures are used, please indicate the measure, as well as how it is calculated. Please check all that are applicable. __Total security incidents per 10 million passenger trips __Total security incidents per 1 million vehicle-miles __Serious security incidents per 10 million passenger trips __Serious security incidents per 1 million vehicle-miles __Total fatalities caused by a serious security incident per 100 million passenger trips __Total injuries caused by a serious security incident per 10 million passenger trips __Average number of injuries per security incident __Dedicated security personnel per million unlinked annual passenger trips __Percent of security personnel who have completed transit security training __Percent of frontline transit personnel who have completed transit security training Other—Specify:_________________________________________________ 3. Please indicate the year 2000 and year 2006 values of as many of the preceding measures as are applicable. Performance Measure 2000 Value 2006 Value Goal or Preferred Value

116 4. Please specify the attributes of the perpetrators of major security offenses reported to the National Transit Database, if any, in 2000 and 2006. Please place either a percentage or actual number in the indicated spaces: Year Male Female Patron Employee Other Gang Member Member of Terrorist Group 2000 2006 5. Please specify the attributes of the perpetrators of minor security offenses reported to the National Transit Database, if any, in 2000 and 2006. Please place either a percentage or actual number in the indicated spaces: Year Male Female Patron Employee Other Gang Member Member of Terrorist Group 2000 2006 6. During 2000, how many of the following threats or incidents of terrorism occurred? If actual data are not available, please estimate. Please indicate the mode/location, and the number of offenses for each mode/location. Mode Location a = Subway/HR e = Transit Bus 1 = In-Vehicle b = Light Rail f = Commuter Bus 2 = In-Station/ Stop/Terminal c = Commuter Rail g = Paratransit 3 = Parking Facility d = AGT h = Other 4 = Other

117 MODE/LOC NO. OFFENSES MODE/LOC NO. OFFENSES MODE/LOC a. Transit Vehicle Hijacking ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ __________ __________ __________ __________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ b. Hostage/ Barricade ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ __________ __________ __________ __________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ c. Sabotage of Transit Infrastructu re ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ __________ _________ __________ __________ ____________ ___________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ d. Sabotage of Transit Property ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ __________ __________ __________ __________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ e. Other Sabotage ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ __________ __________ __________ __________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ f. Multiple Shootings ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ __________ __________ __________ __________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ g. Placement or Detonation of Explosives within System ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ __________ __________ __________ __________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ h. Placement or Release of Chem/Bio Contamin- ants ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ __________ __________ __________ __________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ i. Intentional Hoaxes ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ __________ __________ __________ __________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ j. Bomb/ Explosives Threats ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ __________ __________ __________ __________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ k. Other Threats ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ __________ __________ __________ __________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________

118 7. During 2006, how many of the following incidents or threats of terrorism occurred? If actual data are not available, estimate if possible. Please indicate the mode/location, and the number of offenses or incidents for each mode/location. Mode Location a = Subway/HR e = Transit Bus 1 = In-Vehicle b = Light Rail f = Commuter Bus 2 = In-Station /Stop/Terminal c = Commuter Rail g = Paratransit 3 = Parking Facility d = AGT h = Other 4 = Other MODE/LOC NO. OFFENSES MODE/LOC NO. OFFENSES a. Transit Vehicle Hijacking _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ b. Hostage/Barricade _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ c. Sabotage of Transit Infrastructure _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ d. Sabotage of Transit Property _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ e Other Sabotage _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ f. Multiple Shootings _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ g. Placement or Detonation of Explosives within System _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ h. Placement or Release of Chem/Bio Contaminants _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ i. Intentional Hoaxes _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ j. Bomb/Explosives Threats _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________

119 Please describe the above incidents in greater detail, especially if any of these incidents caused any fatalities, injuries, or property damage, or if there were multiple incidents of the same type. 8. Please note any trends for the offenses or incidents listed above; if specific offenses or incidents have undergone an increase or decrease, please list them in the appropriate spaces below: Increase Decrease a. In the past decade _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ b. Since Sept. 11, 2001 _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ c. In the past two years _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ 9. Please indicate the total number of cyber-security breaches your agency experienced in 2000 and 2006, excluding viruses: Year 2000 Instances a. Unauthorized Access/Hacking Agency Website b. Unauthorized Access/Hacking Agency Control Center c. Tampering with Rail Signals d. Tampering with Electronic Message Signs e. Unauthorized Access of Databases f. Other, Please Specify: Year 2006 Instances a. Unauthorized Access/Hacking Agency Website b. Unauthorized Access/Hacking Agency Control Center c. Tampering with Rail Signals d. Tampering with Electronic Message Signs e. Unauthorized Access of Databases f. Other, Please Specify:

120 10. Please note any trends in cyber-security breaches; if specific breaches have increased or decreased, please list them below: Increase Decrease a. In the past decade _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ b. Since Sept. 11, 2001 _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ c. In the past two years _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ 11. Please specify the attributes of the perpetrators of the cyber-security crimes, if available. Please place either a percentage or actual number in the indicated spaces: Year Male Female Patron Employee Other Gang Member Member of Terrorist Group 2000 2006 12. Please note any trends in reports of suspicious activity, objects, or persons that have changed in the time periods listed below by checking the appropriate box: Reports of Suspicious Activity, Objects, or Persons Increase Decrease Remain the Same a. In the past decade b. Since Sept. 11, 2001 c. In the past two years 13. System Security Data and Analysis a. What security data including data used in security planning are collected?

121 b. What are the sources of data on offenses already listed? c. What are sources of data on other security matters, including security planning data? System reports Ƒ System reports Ƒ Police reports Ƒ Police reports Ƒ Other—Specify:__________________ Ƒ Other—Specify:_________________ Ƒ d. Using these data, does your system perform crime-mapping, trend analysis, or other security data analysis? Please describe analyses techniques and how the results are used by your agency. e. What data-related issues or concerns do you have, and why? 14. During the period after September 11, 2001, what happened to the following: Increase Decrease Remain the Same a. Patronage b. Offenses against passengers c. Offenses against workers d. Passenger complaints of violence or potential violence e. Passenger complaints of excessive security f. Passenger requests for increased protection g. Worker days lost as a result of violence-related incidents h. Violence-related legal actions

122 What major changes, if any, have been made at your agency in overall security and security practices since September 11, 2001? 15. a. In which area(s) is your agency currently making security-related investments? Please rate the investments “high,” “medium,” “small,” “none,” or “planned.” Technology ______ Security Staff ______ Employee Training ______ Customer Outreach and Education ______ Design (CPTED)/Situational Crime Prevention ______ Other, Please Specify:______________________________ b. Have you seen an impact on your system from these investments? Yes Ƒ No Ƒ If yes, what have the impact(s) been? 16. a. What type of security enforcement does your system use? Please indicate the number of staff or full-time equivalents (FTEs): Full-time Sworn Officers: System Employees__________ Full-time Sworn Officers: Contractors________________ Full-time Nonsworn Officers: System Employees______ Full-time Nonsworn Officers: Contractors____________ Part-time Sworn Officers: System Employees__________ Part-time Sworn Officers: Contractors________________ Part-time Nonsworn Officers: System Employees______ Part-time Nonsworn Officers: Contractors____________ b. Has there been an increase in security staff hours since September 11, 2001? If so, then please indicate the percent increase. Please provide any details, if possible.

123 II. SECURITY PRACTICES Please indicate security practices used by your system, including those to prevent or control violence and confrontational incidents and those to counter terrorism. Also, for each practice, please indicate Purpose, Mode, Location, and Year(s) of Deployment: Purpose: “C” to address Crime Mode: 1 = Subway/HR 5 = Transit Bus “T” to address Terrorism 2 = Light Rail 6 = Commuter Bus “Q” to address Quality of Life 3 = Commuter Rail 7 = Paratransit 4 = AGT 8 = Other Location(s) of Deployment: Systemwide, all Modes 0 Location List for Bus 1 = Bus Stop 2 = In-Vehicle 3 = Transfer Terminal, Hub, Multimodal Facility 4 = Garage, Maintenance Facility, Yard 5 = Administrative Facility 6 = Other Location List for Rail 7 = Station, Platform 8 = In-Vehicle 9 = Infrastructure/Right-of-Way 10 = Transfer Station or Terminal 11 = Maintenance Facility/Yard/Storage Area 12 = Administrative Facility 13 = Other Parking Lot 14 = Parking or Park & Ride Lot Other Mode(s) 15 = All Locations Year(s) of Deployment: Please note the primary year(s) in which a measure was implemented. If a measure is in the testing phase, please indicate “T.” If a measure is being planned for implementation, please indicate “P.”

124 17. Access Control Purpose Modes Locations Year(s) Admission control – biometric Admission control – encoded cards Admission control – manual verification Admission control – memorized code Admission control – mechanical lock Admission control – electronic locks Admission control – turnstiles, floor-to-ceiling Admission control – turnstiles, standard electronic Fencing and gates – mechanical Fencing and gates – electronic, alarm Fencing and gates – electronic, no alarm Intrusion sensors Explosives detector(s) Metal detector(s) Random ID checks Vehicle access control and parking Vehicle barriers Vehicle check for explosives Window (and other openings) alarms Wall safeguards Other – Specify:_______________ 18. Design (CTPED)/Situational Crime Prevention Purpose Modes Locations Year(s) Site Selection/Building Placement Lighting Internal Design/Configuration Physical or Natural Barriers Other – Specify: _____________

125 19. Transit Vehicle Design Purpose Modes Location Year(s) Transit Vehicle Compartment Locks Enhancement of Visibility into/out of the Vehicle Vehicle Hardening Fire Reduction Measures Transit Operator Compartment Public Address System Silent Alarm and/or Panic Button Silent Alarm and/or Panic Button with AVL Vehicle Access Control (e.g., key) Specify:_____________________ Other – Specify:_____________ 20. Surveillance and Inspections Purpose Modes Location Year(s) CCTVs (images not recorded) CCTVs (images are recorded) Intelligent Video Facial Recognition Fare Checkers Canine Inspections – explosives Canine Inspections – weapons Canine Inspections – narcotics Undercover/Plainclothes Officers Behavioral Assessment by Transit Staff Behavioral Assessment by Security Staff Manual/Visual Inspections of Persons/Baggage Electronic Inspections of Persons/Baggage Random Sweeps Roving Patrols with Canine Inspections Roving Patrols without Canine Inspections Other – Specify:______________

126 21. Operational Strategies Purpose Modes Location Year(s) Limiting station access (hours/access points) Rerouting buses away from high-profile targets Strategic location of bus stops Modifying hours of service Modifying pretrip inspections Fleet management/vehicle- tracking Inventory control strategies Modification of dispatcher responsibilities Parking lot, vehicle flow/ placement reconfiguration Other – Specify:_____________ 22. Technology Purpose Modes Location Year(s) Automatic Train Control/Monitoring AVL Emergency Alert for Employees Emergency Phones/Call Boxes for Passengers Intelligent Video to ID Suspicious Activity CCTV – for surveillance CCTV – for recording incidents, passenger traffic Public Address System Radio Communications for Staff RFID for inventory control Intrusion Sensors and Alarms Biological Detector Chemical Detector Explosives Detector (portable, tabletop) Explosives Detector (walk- through) Metal Detector Radiological Detector/Pager

127 23. Communications Security Purpose Modes Location Year(s) Redundancy Power Supply Backup Network Security Other— Specify:_____________ 24. Security and Policing Management The following questions relate to specific aspects of security and policing management. a. Budgeting What was your total security budget for 2006? $___________ What percentage was expended on: Capital___% Labor___% O&M___% Training___% By how much has your total annual security budget changed since September 11, 2001?______ b. Human Resources Practices Which of the following HR practices have changed since September 11, 2001? Background checks on new hires Ƒ Performance appraisal Ƒ Other Ƒ Please specify:__________________________ c. Security Planning Does your system have an up-to-date: Security Plan? Yes Ƒ No Ƒ Emergency Plan? Yes Ƒ No Ƒ Incident Response Plan? Yes Ƒ No Ƒ Continuity-of-Operations Plan? Yes Ƒ No Ƒ Has the Incident Command System been integrated into the Plans? Yes Ƒ No Ƒ d. Assaults on Employees and Passengers Which of the following techniques are used to address and mitigate assaults on employees and passengers (committed by passengers or the general public), or to reduce and/or prevent confrontations? Please check all that apply. Presence of Security or Transit Personnel Ƒ Roving Security Patrols Ƒ Verbal Techniques Ƒ (e.g., verbal judo/transactional analysis) Nonverbal Techniques Ƒ (e.g., body language) Restraining Techniques Ƒ Passenger Codes of Conduct Ƒ Community Policing Ƒ Other—Specify:_________________________ Ƒ

128 25. Outreach, Education, Training, and Awareness Strategies What types of outreach, education, training and awareness strategies does your agency employ, excluding training courses provided to your employees? Transit Watch Program Ƒ (or similar Awareness program for employees and customers) Crime Prevention Program Ƒ Toll-Free Number Ƒ (to report suspicious activity and packages) Evacuation Instructions Ƒ Other Ƒ Please describe:___________________________ 26. Employee Security and Policing Training What training courses does your agency provide to your police, security staff (whether in house or contracted out), and employees? Please describe the courses below: Course Title:_________________________________________________ Provider: (In-house, NTI, TSI, APTA, other)________________________ Delivery Method: Classroom Ƒ Workshop Ƒ Online, w/Instructor Ƒ Online, w/o Instructor Ƒ Video/DVD Ƒ Interactive CD Ƒ CD Ƒ Delivered to: Percent Hours/ Times/ Evaluation of Staff Session Year Method Transit Police/Security Staff Ƒ ____% _____ ____ __________ Frontline Employees Ƒ ____% _____ ___ __________ Supervisory Employees Ƒ ____% _____ ____ __________ Management Ƒ ____% _____ ____ __________ Course Title:_________________________________________________ Provider: (In-house, NTI, TSI, APTA, other)________________________ Delivery Method: Classroom Ƒ Workshop Ƒ Online, w/Instructor Ƒ Online, w/o Instructor Ƒ Video/DVD Ƒ Interactive CD Ƒ CD Ƒ Delivered to: Percent Hours/ Times/ Evaluation of Staff Session Year Method Transit Police/Security Staff Ƒ ____% _____ ____ __________ Frontline Employees Ƒ ____% _____ ____ __________ Supervisory Employees Ƒ ____% _____ ____ __________ Management Ƒ ____% _____ ____ __________

129 Course Title:_________________________________________________ Provider: (In-house, NTI, TSI, APTA, other)________________________ Delivery Method: Classroom Ƒ Workshop Ƒ Online, w/Instructor Ƒ Online, w/o Instructor Ƒ Video/DVD Ƒ Interactive CD Ƒ CD Ƒ Delivered to: Percent Hours/ Times/ Evaluation of Staff Session Year Method Transit Police/Security Staff Ƒ ____% _____ ____ __________ Frontline Employees Ƒ ____% _____ ____ __________ Supervisory Employees Ƒ ____% _____ ____ __________ Management Ƒ ____% _____ ____ __________ Course Title:_________________________________________________ Provider: (In-house, NTI, TSI, APTA, other)________________________ Delivery Method: Classroom Ƒ Workshop Ƒ Online, w/Instructor Ƒ Online, w/o Instructor Ƒ Video/DVD Ƒ Interactive CD Ƒ CD Ƒ Delivered to: Percent Hours/ Times/ Evaluation of Staff Session Year Method Transit Police/Security Staff Ƒ ____% _____ ____ __________ Frontline Employees Ƒ ____% _____ ____ __________ Supervisory Employees Ƒ ____% _____ ____ __________ Management Ƒ ____% _____ ____ __________ Course Title:_________________________________________________ Provider: (In-house, NTI, TSI, APTA, other)________________________ Delivery Method: Classroom Ƒ Workshop Ƒ Online, w/Instructor Ƒ Online, w/o Instructor Ƒ Video/DVD Ƒ Interactive CD Ƒ CD Ƒ Delivered to: Percent Hours/ Times/ Evaluation of Staff Session Year Method Transit Police/Security Staff Ƒ ____% _____ ____ __________ Frontline Employees Ƒ ____% _____ ____ __________ Supervisory Employees Ƒ ____% _____ ____ __________ Management Ƒ ____% _____ ____ __________

130 Course Title:_________________________________________________ Provider: (In-house, NTI, TSI, APTA, other)________________________ Delivery Method: Classroom Ƒ Workshop Ƒ Online, w/Instructor Ƒ Online, w/o Instructor Ƒ Video/DVD Ƒ Interactive CD Ƒ CD Ƒ Delivered to: Percent Hours/ Times/ Evaluation of Staff Session Year Method Transit Police/Security Staff Ƒ ____% _____ ____ __________ Frontline Employees Ƒ ____% _____ ____ __________ Supervisory Employees Ƒ ____% _____ ____ __________ Management Ƒ ____% _____ ____ __________ 27. Drills and Exercises Please specify how often your agency holds the following drills, exercises, simulations or tabletop exercises/workshops: Field Exercises/Drills, Interagency 0/year Ƒ 1–2/year Ƒ 3–4/year Ƒ >5/year Ƒ Field Exercises/Drills, Intra-agency 0/year Ƒ 1–2/year Ƒ 3–4/year Ƒ >5/year Ƒ Simulations or Tabletop 0/year Ƒ 1–2/year Ƒ 3–4/year Ƒ >5/year Ƒ Exercises/Workshops Other, Please specify: _____________ 0/year Ƒ 1–2/year Ƒ 3–4/year Ƒ >5/year Ƒ 28. Covert Testing Does your agency perform covert testing of any kind? Yes Ƒ No Ƒ If yes, please describe the purpose and method by which testing is performed. 29. Cooperative Relationships with Other Stakeholders Please indicate whether your agency has cooperative relationships with other units or agencies. Check all that apply: __Within Agency __External Agencies/Entities __Intelligence Sharing 30. Cyber Security Please indicate your cyber-security measures, excluding virus protection software. Check all that apply. Firewall installation Ƒ Network/PC access control using passwords Ƒ using biometrics Ƒ Other, Please Specify:____________ Ƒ

131 III. SECURITY MEASURES BEST PRACTICES 31. Effective Security and Policing Measures Please list (up to) the top five most effective CRIME-PREVENTION AND DETECTION measures used by your system. Please provide a cost-benefit ratio for each measure, if possible: Please list (up to) the top five most effective COUNTERTERRORISM measures used by your system. Please provide a cost-benefit ratio for each measure, if possible: 32. Is the usefulness of technological or other interventions being evaluated? If so, please describe the evaluation method and results, if available: 33. If your system employs any of these security measures in an innovative manner, or is pursuing an innovative policy, program, or technology research, please describe it here: 34. Obstacles in Security and Policing Management What are the three greatest obstacles faced by your agency in security and policing management? Please check up to three of the items listed below: Lack of Resources Ƒ Lack of Qualified Workers/Technical Expertise Ƒ Lack of Management Support Ƒ Lack of Customer Support Ƒ Lack of Tested, Market-ready Technology Solutions Ƒ Other, Please Specify:_______________________ Ƒ THANK YOU for completing the survey! Please return the survey by mail, e-mail, or fax to: Dr. Yuko J. Nakanishi Nakanishi Research and Consulting LLC 93-40 Queens Blvd. #6A Rego Park, NY 11374 Email: ynakanish@aol.com Fax: (347) 789-7711