Resources for Legal Issues Associated with Bus Maintenance (2008)

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56 Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania imposes requirements for ventilation709 (Port Authority of Allegheny County), drainage710 (Port Authority of Allegheny County), and other building and fire code requirements711 (State DOT). Washington: Washington imposes requirements con- cerning drainage (King County Metro Transit). 2. Overview of Local Requirements While there are both state and local building and fire codes, such codes are more often local regulations. State DOTs and selected transit agencies were surveyed re- garding local requirements concerning ventilation, drainage, and other building and fire code require- ments. Reported requirements are set forth below. Delaware: The City of Wilmington imposes drainage requirements (State DOT). Florida: Miami–Dade County imposes requirements related to ventilation under the Miami–Dade County Code. New York: New York City imposes requirements re- lated to ventilation under the New York City Building Code (NYCT). Pennsylvania: Philadelphia imposes requirements related to ventilation, drainage, and other building/fire code requirements under the Philadelphia Building Code (SEPTA). Allegheny County imposes requirements related to drainage;712 Pittsburgh Bureau of Building Inspection imposes additional requirements (Port Au- thority of Allegheny County). 709 Department of Environmental Protection, Air Quality www.dep.state.pa.us/dep/deputate/airwaste/aq/default.htm; 34 PA. CODE, www.pacode.com [§ 23.33. Ventilation. www.pacode.com/secure/data/034/chapter23/s23.33.html]. 710 Department of Environmental Protection, www.depweb.state.pa.us/dep/site/default.asp; www.pacode.com/secure/data/034/chapter23/s23.21.html. 711 http://www.pacode.com/secure/data/034/chapter58/chap58toc. html, http://www.pacode.com/secure/data/034/chapter59/chap59toc.ht ml (State DOT); 34 PA. CODE, Dep’t of Labor and Industry www.pacode.com, www.iccsafe.org, International Code Council (Old Building Officials and Code Administrators (BOCA) Building Codes) and pertinent NFPA Codes, www.nfpa.org (Port Authority of Allegheny County). 712 Allegheny County Health Department, Plumbing, www.achd.net/plumbing/plumbingstart.html, Allegheny County Health Department Rules and Regulations, art. XV, Plumbing, www.achd.net/plumbing/pubs/pdf/plumbingcode15.pdf; Allegheny County Health Department, Solid Waste Section www.achd.net/waterw/wastestart.html, Allegheny County Health Department Rules and Regulations, art. VIII, Solid Waste and Recycling Management www.achd.net/waste/pubs/pdf/ART8_solidwaste.pdf; Allegheny County Health Department, Water Pollution Control, www.achd.net/waterw/wastewaterstart.html, ACHD Rules & Regulations art. XIV, “Sewage Management,” as amended, www.achd.net.waterw/pubs/pdf/sewage.pdf. III. INDUSTRY STANDARDS As discussed in Part II, many jurisdictions require compliance with provisions of various industry codes. State and local governments may adopt such codes with local amendments, such as only adopting part of the code, amending specific sections of the code, or declin- ing to adopt the most recent version of the code. As these commonly-required codes have been described above, this Part merely provides a reference list. Other industry codes, while not identified by ques- tionnaire respondents, may be required by some juris- dictions or, although not specifically required, are none- theless of interest as they either provide useful benchmarks for performance or are likely to be required in the future. In addition to providing a list of com- monly required codes, this Part provides information concerning voluntary codes. A. Cited Industry Codes As discussed in Part II, above, many jurisdictions require compliance with provisions of various industry codes. Based on questionnaire responses and ancillary research, state and local governments commonly adopt industry codes in whole or in part as part of state and local fire and building codes. These industry codes include the following: • CGA (www.cganet.com/Publication.asp?mode=pb): C- 7, Guide to the Preparation of Precautionary Labeling and Marking of Compressed Gas Containers. • CGA: Standard P-1, Safe Handling of Compressed Gases in Containers. • International Building Code (ICC)713 (www.iccsafe.org/news/about). • International Fuel Gas Code (ICC). • International Fire Code (ICC). • International Mechanical Code (ICC). • International Plumbing Code (ICC). • NFPA 1: Uniform Fire Code™ (includes storage, use, processing, handling, and on-site transportation of flammable and combustible gases, liquids, and solids; storage, use, processing, handling, and on-site transpor- tation of hazardous materials) (www.nfpa.org/about thecodes/AboutTheCodes.asp?DocNum=1). • NFPA 10: Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers. • NFPA 25: Standard for the Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance of Water-Based Fire Protection System. • NFPA 30: Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code (www.nfpa.org/aboutthecodes/AboutTheCodes.asp?Doc Num=30). • NFPA 30A: Code for Motor Fuel Dispensing Facilities and Repair Garages (does not apply to LP-, LNG-, or CNG-only facilities) 713 In 2003, BOCA, the International Conference of Building Officials (ICBO), and the Southern Building Code Congress International (SBCCI) consolidated to become the International Code Council. www.iccsafe.org/help/redirect- bocai.html.

57 (www.nfpa.org/aboutthecodes/AboutTheCodes.asp?Doc Num=30A). • NFPA 33: Paint Spray Rooms and Booths. • NFPA 52: Compressed Natural Gas Vehicular Fuel Systems Code. • NFPA 54: National Fuel Gas Code (www.nfpa.org/aboutthecodes/AboutTheCodes.asp?Doc Num=54). • NFPA 70: National Electric Code (www.nfpa.org/aboutthecodes/AboutTheCodes.asp?Doc Num=70). • NFPA 72: National Fire Alarm Code. • NFPA 88B: Repair Garages. • NFPA 91: Standard for Exhaust Systems for Air Con- veying of Vapors, Gases, Mists, and Noncombustible Particulate Solids. • NFPA 101: Life Safety Code. • Plumbing Heating Cooling Contractors Association (PHCC) (www.phccweb.org/Contractor/content.cfm?ItemNumbe r=2552&navItemNumber=520): National Standard Plumbing Code. • Uniform Construction Code (BOCA). In addition, the voluntary CTAA Transit Safety Plus Program (http://web1.ctaa.org/webmodules/webarticles /anmviewer.asp?a=41) is used as part of the FTA Bus Safety Initiative, discussed in II.H., Safety, above. B. Other Industry Codes Many industry codes provide accepted benchmarks for performance. In some cases, sections of industry codes referenced in III.A., Cited Industry Codes, pro- vide minimum design standards in areas where compli- ance with the industry code is not required.714 In addi- tion, some of the codes included in this section may be required in whole or in part by state and local govern- ments even though they were not cited by questionnaire respondents. • American Petroleum Institute Number 620— Recommended Rules for the Design and Construction of Large, Welded Low-Pressure Storage Tanks.715 • American Society of Mechanical Engineers—Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section VIII, Division 1 Code for Unfired Pressure Vessels.716 • ASME: PALD—2005 Safety Standard for Portable Automotive Lifting Devices (http://catalog.asme.org/Codes/PrintBook/PALD_2005_S afety_Standard.cfm). • ASTM International (www.astm.org/cgi- bin/SoftCart.exe/index.shtml?E+mystore). 714 E.g. the Uniform Building Code (UBC) provides minimum design standards for anchoring storage tanks. Used Oil Guidance Tank and Secondary Containment Requirements for Used Oil Processors, p. 10, www.ecy.wa.gov/pubs/0504016.pdf. 715 Id. at 9. www.ecy.wa.gov/pubs/0504016.pdf. 716 Id. at 9. www.ecy.wa.gov/pubs/0504016.pdf. • American Gas Association (www.aga.org). • Center for Urban Transportation Research (www.cutr.usf.edu). • Transit Bus Safety Resource Guide (www.cutr.usf.edu/bussafety); (www.cutr.usf.edu/bussafety/core/maintain.htm). • Model Vehicle Safety Program (www.cutr.usf.edu/bussafety/documents/exmodel.pdf). System safety toolbox (www.cutr.usf.edu/bussafety/safety_toolbox/#a_ch4). • Vehicle Maintenance Outline (www.cutr.usf.edu/bussafety/documents/vehicle_mainte nance_outline.doc). • Community Transportation Development Center: Has received Department of Labor grant to create standards for transit bus mechanics.717 • Electric Power Research Institute (www.epri.com). • Electric Bus Technical Specifications. • Insurance Pool: California Transit Insurance Pool (CalTIP)718 (www.caltip.org). • CalTIP Safety & Loss Control Work Program (www.caltip.org/downloads/s&lcprog.pdf). • Insurance Pool: Washington State Transit Insurance Pool (WSTIP) (www.wstip.org). • WSTIP has a best practices program, including an accident prevention program [OSHA-type issues], me- chanic training, vehicle inspections, and preventive maintenance.719 • Members are reviewed for compliance; work plans are developed to address any deficiencies.720 • Insurance Pool: Transit Mutual Insurance Corpora- tion of Wisconsin (TMi). • Provides members with Bus Safety Manual that covers vehicle and equipment needs and maintenance.721 • International Standards Organization.722 • Technical standards for commercial vehicles and buses. • NFPA (www.nfpa.org). • NFPA 2: Hydrogen Technologies Code: proposed standard, 2009. • NFPA 37: Standard for the Installation and Use of Stationary Combustion Engines and Gas Turbines. 717 President’s High Growth Job Training Initiative Building Capacity for Transit Workforce Development: www.doleta.gov/BRG/pdf/Transportation_Community%20Tran sportation%20Development%20Center.pdf; www.doleta.gov/BRG/HGJTIGrantees/Grantee_Detailed.cfm?G rantee_ID=137&Grantee_Name=Maryland%20Community%20 Transportation%20Development%20Center%20(CTDC). 718 See FTA, supra note 570, at 38–43. http://transit- safety.volpe.dot.gov/Safety/BusTasks/PDF/Task2.pdf. 719 Best Practice Standards for Operations. www.wstip.org/services/bpfo.html. 720 WSTIP Services, Training and Risk Management. www.wstip.org/services/services.html. 721 FTA, supra note 570, at 42–43. http://transit- safety.volpe.dot.gov/Safety/BusTasks/PDF/Task2.pdf. 722 Numerous standards listed by APTA, www.apta.com/services/safety/existstds.cfm.

58 • NFPA 57: Standard for Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Fuel Systems. • NFPA 58: Liquefied Petroleum Gas Code, 1998 edition. • NFPA 59A: Standard for the Production, Storage, and Handling of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG). • NFPA 70E: Safety Training (www.nttinc.com/nfpa- 70-e-safety-training.html). • NFPA 88A: Standard for Parking Structures, 1998 edition. • NFPA 101B: Code for Means of Egress for Build- ings and Structures, 1999 edition. • NFPA 496: Standard for Purged and Pressurized Enclosures for Electrical Equipment, 1998 edition. • SAE (www.sae.org): Numerous standards, including: • SAE Recommended Practice J1673: High Voltage Automotive Wiring Assembly Design. • SAE Recommended Practice J1718: Measurement of Hydrogen Gas Emission From Battery-Powered Pas- senger Cars and Light Trucks During Battery Charg- ing. • SAE Recommended Practice J1742: Connections for High Voltage On-Board Road Vehicle Electrical Wir- ing Harnesses. • SAE Recommended Practice J1766: Recommended Practice for Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicle Bat- tery System Crash Integrity Testing. • SAE Recommended Practice J1797: Packaging of Electric Vehicle Battery Modules. • SAE Recommended Practice J1798: Performance Rating of Electric Vehicle Battery Modules. • SAE Recommended Practice J2344: Guidelines for Electric Vehicle Safety. • SAE Recommended Practice J2293: Energy Trans- fer System for Electric Vehicles. • Underwriters Laboratory (UL) (www.ul.com). Numer- ous standards including: • UL 50: Standard for Enclosures for Electrical Equipment. • UL 142: Standard for Steel Aboveground Tanks for Flammable and Combustible Liquids.723 • UL 991: Standard for Tests for Safety-Related Con- trols Employing Solid-State Devices. • UL 1244: Electrical and Electronic Measuring and Testing Equipment. • UL 2034: Carbon Monoxide Detectors. • UL 2202: Electric Bus Charging System Equip- ment. • UL 2231: Personnel Protection Systems for Electric Bus Charging Circuits. • UL 2251: Plugs, Receptacles, and Couplers for Electric Vehicles. 723 Used Oil Guidance Tank and Secondary Containment Requirements for Used Oil Processors, at 10. www.ecy.wa.gov/pubs/0504016.pdf .