Uses of Mobile Information Technology Devices in the Field for Design, Construction, and Asset Management (2016)

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62 IT Responses SURVEY: NCHRP SYNTHESIS TOPIC 46-06 USAGE OF MOBILE IT DEVICES IN THE FIELD FOR DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND ASSET MANAGEMENT 1. Does your agency use mobile IT devices in the field for design, construction and asset management? (Please check one response.) Yes 80% No 17% Unsure 3% Value Percent Count Yes 80% 28 No 17% 6 Unsure 3% 1 Total 35 Statistics Total Responses 35 2. What state transportation agency do you work for? (Please check one response.) Alabama 3% Alaska 3% Arizona 3% Arkansas 3%Connecticut 3%Florida 3%Georgia 3% Indiana 3%Iowa 3% Kansas 3% Kentucky 3% Louisiana 3% Maryland 3% Michigan 6%Minnesota 3%Mississippi 3%Missouri3% Montana 3% Nevada 3% New Jersey 3% New Mexico 3% North Carolina 3% North Dakota 3% Ohio 3% Oklahoma 3% Pennsylvania 3% Rhode Island 3% Tennessee 3% Texas 3% Utah 3% Vermont 3% Virginia 3% Washington 3% Wisconsin 3% APPENDIX C IT Survey Results

63 Value Percent Count Alabama 3% 1 Alaska 3% 1 Arizona 3% 1 Arkansas 3% 1 California 0% 0 Colorado 0% 0 Connecticut 3% 1 Delaware 0% 0 Florida 3% 1 Georgia 3% 1 Hawaii 0% 0 Idaho 0% 0 Illinois 0% 0 Indiana 3% 1 Iowa 3% 1 Kansas 3% 1 Kentucky 3% 1 Louisiana 3% 1 Maine 0% 0 Maryland 3% 1 Massachusetts 0% 0 Michigan 6% 2 Minnesota 3% 1 Mississippi 3% 1 Missouri 3% 1 Montana 3% 1 Nebraska 0% 0 Nevada 3% 1 New Hampshire 0% 0 New Jersey 3% 1 New Mexico 3% 1 New York 0% 0 North Carolina 3% 1 North Dakota 3% 1 Ohio 3% 1 Oklahoma 3% 1 Oregon 0% 0 Pennsylvania 3% 1 Rhode Island 3% 1 South Carolina 0% 0 South Dakota 0% 0 Tennessee 3% 1 Texas 3% 1 Utah 3% 1 Vermont 3% 1 Virginia 3% 1 Washington 3% 1 West Virginia 0% 0 Wisconsin 3% 1 Wyoming 0% 0 Total 35 Statistics Total Responses 35

64 3. What division do you work for within your agency? (Please check one response.) IT 100% Value Percent Count IT 100% 35 Other 0% 0 Maintenance 0% 0 Construction 0% 0 Design 0% 0 Total 35 Statistics Total Responses 35 Responses “Other” Count Left blank 35 4. What mobile IT device(s) does your agency issue (not including personally owned devices) for use in the field? (Please check all that apply.) 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Ha nd he ld mu ltif un cti on al da ta. .. GP S-e qu ipp ed di git al cam era

65 Value Percent Count Smartphone 97% 34 Laptops 94% 33 Tablet 94% 33 Digital camera 57% 20 Handheld multifunctional data collectors (e.g., Trimble Yuma, Nomad, and Juno) 54% 19 Mini-laptops 31% 11 GPS-equipped digital camera 23% 8 Laser rangefinder 14% 5 Other 6% 2 RFID readers 6% 2 None 0% 0 Total 35 Statistics Total Responses 35 Responses “Other” Count Left blank 33 We are in the process of procuring tablets for use with our Main- tenance Management System 1 Barcode readers 1 5. What operating system (OS) platform(s) does (do) your agency’s mobile IT device(s) generally use? (Please check all that apply.) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

66 Value Percent Count iOS (designed for mobile devices) 86% 30 Windows 7 77% 27 Windows 8 (designed for laptops/ desktops) 49% 17 Android 46% 16 OS (designed for laptops/desktops) 46% 16 Other 6% 2 Windows RT (designed for mobile devices) 6% 2 Blackberry 6% 2 I don’t know 0% 0 Linux 0% 0 Total 35 Statistics Total Responses 35 Responses “Other” Count Left blank 33 Windows 8.1 Mobile 1 XP 1 6. To what degree has your agency adopted/implemented mobile IT? (Please check one response.) High-level implementer 9% Medium-level implementer 37% Low-level implementer 54% Value Percent Count High-level implementer 9% 3 Medium-level implementer 37% 13 Low-level implementer 54% 19 Total 35 Statistics Total Responses 35

67 7. What percentage of your projects/functions currently use mobile IT devices? 0% >0–25% >25–50% >50–75% >75–100% Responses Your division (refer to Question 3) 6% 2 55% 18 15% 5 18% 6 6% 2 33 Agency (if known) 0% 0 71% 22 16% 5 10% 3 3% 1 31 What percentage of your projects/functions currently use mobile IT devices? 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0 8. What percentage of your agency (division) employees are provided with mobile IT devices? 0% >0–25% >25–50% >50–75% >75–100% Responses Your division (refer to Question 3) 0% 0 45% 15 21% 7 27% 9 6% 2 33 Agency (if known) 0% 0 53% 17 22% 7 25% 8 0% 0 32 What percentage of your agency (division) employees are provided with mobile IT devices? 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0 9. What is (are) the main purpose(s) for your current use of mobile IT? (Please check all that apply.) 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Ma ke ph on e c alls /se nd tex t m ess age s Tak e/v iew ge ota gg ed ph oto s Tak e/v iew ge ota gg ed vid eo s RF ID/ ba rco de sc an nin g

68 Value Percent Count Access and send e-mails 97% 34 Make phone calls/send text messages 94% 33 Record entry 71% 25 Access standards and manuals 57% 20 Take/view geotagged photos 51% 18 GIS viewing 43% 15 GPS/GNSS coordinates 43% 15 View and edit plans 40% 14 Collect spatial geometry 34% 12 RFID/barcode scanning 14% 5 Take/view geotagged videos 11% 4 View 3D models 6% 2 Other 3% 1 Total 35 Statistics Total Responses 35 Responses “Other” Count Left blank 34 We are in the beginning stages of developing some in-house apps 1 10. Considering the responses in Question 9, list specific tasks completed within each checked purpose; for example, using geotagged photos to specifically identify and locate corrective work on a construction project. Count Response 1 File management and construction administration processes 1 Geotagging local aid projects 1 Geotagging of assets, construction inspection diaries, viewing plans, e-mail 2 N/A 1 Record book entry (SiteManager), geotagged photos of bridge/roadway 1 Using tablets to collect and report maintenance activities of the team each day 1 Construction field data entry, damage assessments, facility assessments, environmental field records, bridge inspections, permit inspections 1 Access PennDOT publications and construction manuals, contracts, award docs, as-built drawings and specifications, geotagged pictures of project site activity and road conditions, access e-mail and other communication applications 1 Phone/e-mail: typical office communication; GIS viewing: see interactive maps to understand information; collect GIS: capture assets, features, etc.; perform surveys/inspections 1 Geotag/GPS to identify and locate for construction projects, address conflicts using manuals, answer e-mails and phone calls in a timely matter, collect geospatial information 1 Using mobile devices for construction and bridge inspection. Materials sample tagging and tracking using barcode scanning. Col- lecting maintenance items and asset management. 1 ADA compliance, storm water inspection, construction documentation, asset inventory and work orders

69 11. What applications does (do) your agency’s mobile IT device(s) use? (Please check all that apply.) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Ag en cy- de vel op ed ap pli cati on s Value Percent Count Microsoft Office 91% 32 Agency-developed applications 46% 16 Adobe Pro 34% 12 SiteManager by AASHTO 31% 11 ArcGIS for Windows Mobile 29% 10 Collector for ArcGIS 23% 8 ArcPad 20% 7 Bentley ProjectWise Explorer Mobile 17% 6 BlueBeam (Revu, Vu, Xtreme) 14% 5 ArcGIS Runtime SDKs 11% 4 Other 11% 4 l don’t know 11% 4 Trimble TerraSync 9% 3 Bentley Field Supervisor 6% 2 Trimble Inspector Pro 6% 2 Autodesk BIM 360 (including Glue, Layout, and Field) 3% 1 AutoCAD 360 3% 1 Trimble TerraFlex 3% 1 Bentley Navigator Mobile 3% 1 Trimble Contractor 3% 1 Bentley Structural Synchronizer View 3% 1 SketchUp Mobile Viewer 0% 0 Autodesk InfraWorks 360 0% 0 Autodesk ConstructWare 0% 0 Total 35 Statistics Total Responses 35

70 Responses “Other” Count Left blank 31 AASHTO field book 1 Bentley Inspectech 1 SAP Agile 1 Web-hosted applications 1 12. Does your agency use purchased off-the-shelf, custom-developed, or purchased-off-the-shelf and customized applications for your mobile IT devices? (Please check all that apply.) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Purchased off- the-shelf or from app stores Custom developed in- house Custom developed by a consultant with in-house input Custom developed with a combined effort from consultants and agency employees Purchased off- the-shelf and then customized applications l don't know Value Percent Count Purchased off the shelf or from app stores 79% 27 Custom developed in-house 53% 18 Custom developed by a consultant with in-house input 56% 19 Custom developed with a combined effort from consultants and agency employees 35% 12 Purchased off the shelf and then custom- ized applications 26% 9 l don’t know 3% 1 Total 34 Statistics Total Responses 34

71 13. What type of applications is your agency deploying? (Please check all that apply.) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Web-based application (built on a browser using HTML5, JavaScript, Bookstrap, etc.) Native application (developed for a specific OS) Cross-platform SDKs (built using frameworks that allow for cross- platform native app development and deployment like Adobe Air, PhoneGap, etc.) Value Percent Count Web-based application (built on a browser using HTMLS, JavaScript, Bookstrap, etc.) 94% 30 Native application (developed for a specific OS) 63% 20 Cross-platform SDKs (built using frameworks that allow for cross-platform native app development and deployment like Adobe Air, PhoneGap, etc.) 19% 6 Total 32 Statistics Total Responses 32 14. Does your agency standardize mobile IT devices to be used across multiple business areas? (Please check one response.) Yes 73% No 21% Unsure 6%

72 Value Percent Count Yes 73% 25 No 21% 7 Unsure 6% 2 Total 34 Statistics Total Responses 34 15. Does your agency collaborate with other agencies in the development of mobile IT applications? (Please check one response.) Yes 41% No 53% Unsure 6% Value Percent Count Yes 41% 14 No 53% 18 Unsure 6% 2 Total 34 Statistics Total Responses 34 16. How does your agency deploy its devices? (Please check all that apply.) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Informal process ("give and go") Software-specific training and deployment Project-specific training and deployment Formal training process Other

73 Value Percent Count Informal process (“give and go”) 66% 23 Software-specific training and deployment 43% 15 Project-specific training and deployment 43% 15 Formal training process 37% 13 Other 6% 2 Total 35 Statistics Total Responses 35 Responses “Other” Count Left blank 33 Formal approval process for ordering equipment. No specific training provided across the board. 1 May become more formal in the next few months 1 17. How does your agency deploy and update its applications? (Please check all that apply.) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 En d u ser re spo nsi bil ity Re qu est fo r e nd us er. .. Value Percent Count Automatic program updates 79% 26 Download from the App Store 42% 14 End user responsibility 36% 12 Submit device for maintenance by request 18% 6 Request for end user acceptance of updates 12% 4 Submit device for maintenance per schedule 12% 4 Other 9% 3 Download from the web 6% 2 Total 33 Statistics Total Responses 33

74 Responses “Other” Count Left blank 32 AirWatch MDM 1 Citrix Receiver 1 Will eventually use AirWatch 1 18. If your agency trains employees who are issued mobile IT devices, what level of training do they receive for their devices? (Please check all that apply.) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Brief overview of the device's functionality Software- specic training My agency does not currently have a training plan for users l don't know Overview of functionality and how they have been used on other projects User groups that share experiences and best practices Overview of functionality, rules and regulations for their use, and expectations for their use Value Percent Count Brief overview of the device’s functionality 56% 19 Software-specific training 35% 12 Overview of functionality, rules and reg- ulations for their use, and expectations for their use 24% 8 My agency does not currently have a training plan for users 21% 7 User groups that share experiences and best practices 12% 4 l don’t know 9% 3 Overview of functionality and how they have been used on other projects 9% 3 Other 0% 0 Total 34 Statistics Total Responses 34 Responses “Other” Count Left blank 35

75 19. How are data shared within your agency? (Please check all that apply.) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Value Percent Count Device is synced to land-based servers where data are stored and shared 58% 18 Synthesized and centralized for future reference to entire agency 42% 13 Shared on projects with other stakeholders 35% 11 Stay within agency project 35% 11 Data are synced to a cloud server where they are stored and shared 26% 8 Stay with individual data collector 16% 5 Incorporated in project lessons learned 10% 3 Other 3% 1 Total 31 Statistics Total Responses 31 Responses “Other” Count Left blank 34 I don’t know 1

76 20. When evaluating potential mobile IT devices, which selection criteria do you consider? (Rank with 1 being the most important; leave blank if you do not think that a criterion is important at all.) Score* Overall Rank Security of data 214 1 Cost 205 2 Ease of use 188 3 Agency standard 184 4 Interoperability 156 5 Durability 142 6 Operating system 135 7 Available native applications 97 8 Other 15 9 *Score is a weighted calculation. Items ranked first are valued higher than the following ranks. The score is the sum of all weighted rank counts. If other, please write in here and give a brief description. Count Response 1 Best fit for the intended function 1 Will required apps run on device? 21. What parties are involved in the selection of the mobile IT devices? (Please check all that apply.) IT professionals End users Purchasing agents Other 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 IT professionals End users Purchasing agents Other Value Percent Count IT professionals 100% 35 End users 89% 31 Purchasing agents 20% 7 Other 3% 1 Total 35 Statistics Total Responses 35

77 Responses “Other” Count Left blank 34 Business mgmt. 1 22. What do you believe is the overall return on investment (ROI) from your agency’s mobile IT use? [ROI = (benefit – cost)/(cost × 100)] (Please check one response.) >0-25% 15% >25-50% 25% >50-75% 22% >75-100% 4% 100%+ 19% Negative ROI 15% Value Percent Count Negative ROI 15% 4 >0–25% 15% 4 >25–50% 25% 7 >50–75% 22% 6 >75–100% 4% 1 100%+ 19% 5 Total 27 Statistics Total Responses 27 Sum 500 Average 100 Max 100

78 23. Which of the following challenges do you believe is most significant to mobile IT use? (Rank with 1 being the most significant; leave blank if you do not think that the challenge is significant at all.) Score* Overall Rank Connectivity issues (loss of cell signal) 241 1 Device maintenance and user support 214 2 Application maintenance and support 205 3 Cost-effectiveness 203 4 Poor/ineffective applications 193 5 Interoperability issues (software incompatibility) 174 6 Lack of security of collected data 171 7 Poor durability/lack of ruggedness 106 8 Electronic signatures/approval 101 9 Quality of collected data 95 10 End user resistance 89 11 Training requirements 86 12 Battery life 73 13 Deploying devices to employees 68 14 Other 27 15 *Score is a weighted calculation. Items ranked first are valued higher than the following ranks. The score is the sum of all weighted rank counts. If other, please write in here and give a brief description. Count Response 1 Lack of strategic direction for overall use 1 Legacy systems upgrade cost to take advantage of mobile computing 24. When evaluating performance of the mobile IT devices, what metrics are considered? (Please check all that apply.) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Co st- be ne fit an aly sis

79 Value Percent Count Efficiencies gained 82% 27 End user approval 70% 23 Agility/flexibility for desired tasks 67% 22 Cost-benefit analysis 58% 19 Durability and maintenance of devices 55% 18 Increase in quality 39% 13 Other 0% 0 Total 33 Statistics Total Responses 33 Responses “Other” Count Left blank 35 25. Does your agency plan on expanding its number or use of mobile IT devices? (Please check one response.) Yes 71% No 3% Unsure 26% Value Percent Count Yes 71% 24 No 3% 1 Unsure 26% 9 Total 34 Statistics Total Responses 34

80 26. If Yes, what are the immediate plans? (Please check all that apply.) Deploy additional devices to current division Deploy additional devices to other divisions Purchase new devices Provide additional training Investigate more progressive devices and uses Optimize/ modify existing technologies used Develop new apps Other Responses Your division (refer to Ques- tion 3) 65% 13 80% 16 70% 14 65% 13 70% 14 65% 13 65% 13 0% 0 20 Agency (if known) 54% 13 88% 21 83% 20 58% 14 71% 17 75% 18 79% 19 0% 0 24 If Yes, what are the imme- diate plans? (Please check all that apply.) 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0 If other, please write in here and give a brief description Count Response 1 Business decision, not IT 27. Which of the following opportunities are you most excited about for the future of technology in the field? (Please check all that apply.) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Remote inspection technologies Handheld LiDAR/3D scanning Unmanned aerial vehicles Automated machine guidance system Wearable IT (e.g., Google Glass, iWatch) Augmented reality Other Value Percent Count Remote inspection technologies 75% 21 Handheld LiDAR/3D scanning 57% 16 Unmanned aerial vehicles 43% 12 Automated machine guidance system 32% 9 Wearable IT (e.g., Google Glass, iWatch) 25% 7 Augmented reality 7% 2 Other 4% 1 Total 28 Statistics Total Responses 28

81 Responses “Other” Count Left blank 34 Not sure 1