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15 Sustainable highway construction practices are best practices that meet the practical sus- tainability criteria for this guidebook: they (1) go above-and-beyond standard practice and/or required national regulatory minimums or (2) show innovation in meeting these standards and minimums in support of people and the environment. This section catalogs 77 SCPs in 26 construction categories that impact 10 aspects of sustainability. 3.1 Organization SCPs are organized by construction and sustainability categories, which aid in searching for and cross-referencing SCPs. 3.1.1 Highway Construction Framework This guidebook divides highway construction into two basic levels: ⢠Project delivery. These practices are used to fund, procure, and deliver projects. These are usually administrative or process-oriented. ⢠Project. These are practices that administer, schedule, budget, and build projects. These can be administrative, process-oriented, or activity-oriented. Each of these levels contains one or more categories of highway construction (Table 1). 3.1.2 Sustainability Framework This guidebook divides sustainability into its three common dimensions: human, environ- mental, and economic well-being (Table 2). Within these dimensions, sustainability is broken down into 10 categories that are specifically chosen to show how these dimensions relate to highway construction. In other words, the dimensions are how sustainability is typically clas- sified, and the categories are an aid to determine how highway construction impacts those dimensions. 3.1.3 Relating the Construction and Sustainability Frameworks Table 3 shows how the two frameworks relate to one another by mapping how each high- way construction category may be used to address a sustainability category. This relationship can be useful in identifying SCPs that address specific sustainability categories. For instance, a project can identify sustainability objectives using the sustainability framework categories and can then choose relevant highway construction practices by using Table 3 to determine which highway construction categories of practices address the identified sustainability priorities. C H A P T E R 3 Sustainable Highway Construction Practices
16 Sustainable Highway Construction Guidebook Level Category Project Delivery Project Delivery Method Financing Procurement Contracting Scheduling Estimating Project Controls/Administration Earthwork Drainage/Sewer/Water Aesthetics Walls Bridges Pavement Work Zone Traffic Control Materials Safety Employment Training Community Outreach Noise Lighting Constructability/Deconstruction Quality Equipment Utilities Landscaping Project Table 1. Highway construction framework. Dimension Category Explanation Human Well-being Workers All those who work in the highway construction process. Neighbors and Stakeholders Those nearby and with a vested interest in the project. Users Users of the highway both during and after construction. Environmental Well-being Pollution Water/air pollution and waste associated with highway construction. Local Ecosystem and Habitat Nearby or related ecosystems and habitat affected by highway construction. Consumption Consumption of resources and materials associated with highway construction. Climate Impacts on the climate attributable to highway construction. Economic Well-being Project Budget Costs and benefits, both short and long term, directly associated with highway construction. Maintenance and Operations Follow-on processes affected by highway construction. Economic Development/Employment Economic or employment impacts associated with highway construction. Table 2. Sustainability framework.
Level Category Project Delivery Method Financing Procurement Contracting Scheduling Estimating Project Controls/Administration Earthwork Drainage/Sewer/Water Aesthetics Walls Bridges Pavement Work Zone Traffic Control Materials Safety Employment Training Community Outreach Noise Lighting Constructability/Deconstruction Quality Equipment Utilities Landscaping If a Highway Construction Category addresses a Sustainability Category, the corresponding cell is colored green. Ec on om ic De ve lo pm en t/ Em pl oy m en t Project Project Delivery Cl im at e Pr oj ec t B ud ge t Po llu tio n Lo ca l E co sy st em an d Ha bi ta t Co ns um pti on W or ke rs N ei gh bo rs a nd St ak eh ol de rs Us er s Highway Construction Framework Sustainability Framework Human Well-being Environmental Well-being Economic Well-being M ai nt en an ce a nd O pe ra tio ns Table 3. Highway construction and sustainability framework mapping.
18 Sustainable Highway Construction Guidebook 3.2 Identification of Sustainable Construction Practices Table 4 catalogs the 77 SCPs identified by this guidebook. Chapter 9 details each SCP by its highway construction category. Chapter 9 provides a detailed discussion of the 26 highway construction categories and the 77 SCPs under these categories. Level Highway Construction Category Sustainable Construction Practice Project Delivery Project Delivery Method Early inclusion of sustainability objectives Contractor input in design phase Financing Public-private partnership (PPP) Procurement Include sustainability in best-value procurement Include life-cycle costs in best-value procurement Value engineering during procurement: alternative technical concept (ATC) Sustainable procurement rules Contracting Value engineering during construction: value engineering change proposal (VECP) Use of a sustainability rating system Indefinite delivery/indefinite quantity (IDIQ) contract Sustainability management plan Project Scheduling Accelerated construction Flexible start dates Full road closure Estimating Model-based estimation Use of life-cycle costs Project Controls/ Administration Enhanced information technology (IT) Geomatics Drainage/Sewer/ Water No SCPs identified by research effort Earthwork Balanced earthwork Ground improvement for construction Trenchless drainage renewal Aesthetics Economical aesthetic wall design Context-sensitive rock slopes Construction site aesthetics Walls No SCPs identified by research effort Bridges Accelerated bridge construction (ABC) Segmental concrete Geosynthetic reinforced soil-integrated bridge systems (GRS-IBS) Pavement General: Smoothness specification General: Pavement warranties General: On-site recycling/reuse Asphalt: Density Asphalt: Longitudinal joints Asphalt: Eliminate segregation Asphalt: Eliminate density differentials Table 4. Sustainable construction practices.
Sustainable Highway Construction Practices 19 Level Highway Construction Category Sustainable Construction Practice Work Zone Traffic Control Merge Control Speed management Driver information systems Oversized load detection Construction vehicle entering/exiting Materials Reduce materials use Reuse existing materials in place Recycle highway materials Use co-products and waste materials from other industries Use alternate or improved materials Local materials Environmental product declarations (EPDs) Safety Sustainable Construction Safety and Health rating system Job hazard analysis Automated flagger assistance devices Work zone intrusion warning systems Unmanned aerial vehicle inspection Employment Meet disadvantaged business enterprise goals Local employment Training Sustainability training Sustainability credentials for individuals Community Outreach Project outreach Noise Noise reduction based on ecological impact Backup alarm modifications and alternatives Use computer models to predict construction noise Lighting Lighting plan Work zone glare reduction Semi-permanent high-mast lighting Constructability/ Deconstruction Constructability reviews for projects Design for deconstruction Adaptive reuse of structures Deconstruction Quality Quality management plan Equipment Tier 4 engines Alternative fuels Automated grade control Vehicle idling policy Utilities Integrating utilities into highway construction Landscaping No SCPs identified by research effort Asphalt: Tack coat application Concrete: Dowel alignment Concrete: Use HIPERPAV to predict early age concrete behavior Concrete: Non-potable water for concrete mixtures and wash water Project (continued) (continued) Pavement Reduce noise Table 4. (Continued).
