Standard Definitions for Common Types of Pavement Cracking (2020)

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Standard Definitions for Common Types of Pavement Cracking 64 References Albitres, C. M., R. E. Smith, and O. J. Pendleton. Comparison of Automated Pavement Distress Data Collection Procedures for Local Agencies in San Francisco Bay Area, California, Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, Volume 1990, 2007, pp. 119–126. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). Standard Practice for Collecting Images of Pavement Surfaces for Distress Detection, AASHTO R 86-18, Washington, DC, 2018. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). Pavement Management Guide, Second Edition, Washington, DC, 2012. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). Mechanistic- Empirical Pavement Design Guide, A Manual of Practice. Third Edition, Washington, DC, 2020. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). Standard Practice for Quantifying Cracks in Asphalt Pavement Surfaces from Collected Pavement Images Utilizing Automated Methods, AASHTO Designation: R 85-18, Washington, DC, 2018. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). Standard Practice for Accepting Pavement Ride Quality When Measured Using Inertial Profiling Systems, AASHTO R 54-14, Washington, DC, 2018. American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). Infrastructure Report Card. Available: https://www.infrastructurereportcard.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Full-2017-Report-Card- FINAL.pdf. Accessed Feb. 9, 2018. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). Standard Practice for Roads and Parking Lots Pavement Condition Index Surveys, ASTM D6433-16, West Conshohocken, PA, 2016. Applied Pavement Technology Inc. (APTech). Local Calibration of the MEPDG Using Pavement Management Systems, Report No. HIF-11-026, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC, 2010. Attoh-Okine, N. and O. Adarkwa. Pavement Condition Surveys – Overview of Current Practices. Delaware Center for Transportation, Newark, DE, 2013. California Department of Transportation (Caltrans). Automated Pavement Condition Survey Manual. Sacramento, CA, 2015.

Standard Definitions for Common Types of Pavement Cracking 65 Carey, W.N., and P.E. Irick. The Pavement Serviceability Performance Concept. In Highway Research Board Bulletin 250, HRB, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 1962. Ceylan, H., Kim, S., Gopalakrishnan, K., and D., Ma. Iowa Calibration of MEPDG Performance Prediction Models. Institute for Transportation at Iowa State University, Ames, IA. 2013. Daleiden, J., T. Burchett, and A. Mergenmeier. Advancing Pavement Surface Evaluation to Support Engineering and Investment Decisions. The 9th International Conference on Managing Pavement Assets, Alexandria, VA. 2015. Darter, M.I., Glover, L.T., and H.L. Von Quintus. Implementation of the Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide in Utah: Validation, Calibration, and Development of the UDOT MEPDG User’s Guide. Rep. No. UT-09.11, ARA, Champaign, IL. 2009. Darter, M.I., Von Quintus, H., Titus-Glover, L., and J., Mallela. Calibration and Implementation of the AASHTO Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide in Arizona. FHWA-AZ-14-606, Arizona Department of Transportation, Phoenix, AZ. 2014. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). Local Calibration of the MEPDG using Pavement Management Systems. Final Report Volume I. HIF-11-026, Washington, D.C. 2010. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). Distress Identification Manual for the Long-Term Pavement Performance Program (Fifth Revised Edition). FHWA-HRT-13-092, Washington, D.C. 2014. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). Highway Performance Monitoring System Field Manual. Office of Management & Budget (OMB) Control No. 2125-0028. Washington, D.C. 2016. Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT). 2017 Flexible Pavement Condition Survey Handbook. Tallahassee, FL, 2017. Flintsch, G. W. and K.K. McGhee. NCHRP Synthesis 401: Quality Management of Pavement Condition Data Collection. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C. 2009. Fu P., J. Harvey, J. Lee, P. Vacura. New Method for Classifying and Quantifying Cracking of Flexible Pavements in Automated Pavement Condition Survey, Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2225, Washington, D.C., pp. 99–108. 2011. https://doi.org/10.3141/2225-11. Ganesan, V.P.K., Stoffels, S.M., Arellano, J., and D. Morian. Use of LTPP Data to Verify the Acceptance Limits Developed for PennDOT Pavement Distress Data. In Improving Pavements With Long-Term Pavement Performance: Products for Today and Tomorrow, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C., and American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, Va., 2006, pp. 31–59.

Standard Definitions for Common Types of Pavement Cracking 66 Haas, R., W.R. Hudson, and J.P. Zaniewski. Modern Pavement Management. Krieger Publishing Company, Melbourne, FL. 1994. Halcrow Group Limited (HGL). 2005. SCANNER Surveys for Local Roads - Specification Volume 2 Specification for Services. Red Hill House 227, London, UK. Henning, T.F., and G.J. Morrow. Transition from Visual Condition Rating of Cracking, Shoving and Raveling to Automatic Data Collection (RR 617). Wellington New Zealand: New Zealand Transport Agency, 2017. Horton S. Project Level Pavement Management System Development. Colorado Department of Highways, Denver, Colorado. 1990. Huang Y., T.C. Phillip, and M. Mikhail. Development of Texture Measurement System Based on Continuous Profiles from Three-Dimensional Scanning System, Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2367, Washington, D.C., pp: 13–22, 2013. Kulkarni, R. B., and R. M. Miller. Pavement Management Systems Past, Present, and Future, Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1853, Washington, D.C., pp: 65–71, 2003 Laurent, J., Hebert, J.F., Lefebvre, D., and Y. Savard. “Using 3D Laser Profiling Sensors for the Automated Measurement of Road Surface Conditions,” Proc. The 7th RILEM Int. Conf. Cracking Pavements, 2012. 4: 157-167. Lee C., W. A. Nokes, and J. T. Harvey. Alligator Cracking Performance and Life-Cycle Cost Analysis of Pavement Preservation Treatments. UCPRC-TM-2007-08, University of California Pavement Research Center Davis and Berkeley, Davis, CA. 2008. Lee, H., and J. Kim. Development of a Crack Type Index, Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No.1940, Washington, D.C., pp: 99–109, 2005. Mathison, S. “Multi-Year Cracking Analysis: A Spatial Approach,” The 28th Annual RPUG Conference, San Diego, CA, 2016. McGhee, K. NCHRP Synthesis 334: Automated Pavement Distress Collection Techniques. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C. 2004. McQueen, J. M., and D. H. Timm. Statistical Analysis of Automated Versus Manual Pavement Condition Surveys, Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No.1940, Washington, D.C., pp: 55-62, 2005. Mraz, A., Gunaratne, M., Nazef, A., and B. Choubane. Experimental Evaluation of a Pavement Imaging System: FDOT’s Multipurpose Survey Vehicle, Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No.1974: 97–106.

Standard Definitions for Common Types of Pavement Cracking 67 Nebraska Department of Roads (NDOR). 2002. Pavement Maintenance Manual. Nebraska Department of Roads. Lincoln, NE. 2002. Offrell, P., Sjogren, L., and R. Magnusson. “Repeatability in Crack Data Collection on Flexible Pavements: Comparison between Surveys Using Video Cameras, Laser Cameras, and a Simplified Manual Survey,” Journal of Transportation Engineering, 2005. 131(7): 552-562, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-947X(2005)131:7(552). Ong G., Noureldin S. and K. Sinha. Automated Pavement Condition Data Collection Quality Control, Quality Assurance and Reliability. FHWA/IN/JTRP-2009/17, Joint Transportation Research Program, Indiana Department of Transportation and Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana. 2010. Oregon Department of Transportation (ORDOT). Pavement Distress Survey Manual. Salem, OR, 2010. Papagiannakis A.T. and E.A. Masad. Pavement Design and Materials. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. DOI:10.1002/9780470259924. 2012. Pierce, L.M., McGovern G. and K.A. Zimmerman. Practical Guide for Quality Management of Pavement Condition Data Collection. FHWA, Washington, DC. 2013. Santos J. and A. Ferreira. “Life-cycle cost analysis system for pavement management at project level,” International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 14:1, 71-84. 2013. DOI: 10.1080/10298436.2011.618535. Selezneva O., G. Mladenovic R. Speir, J. Amenta, J. Kennedy. National Park Service Road Inventory Program: Quality Assurance Sampling Considerations for Automated Collection and Processing of Distress Data, Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1889, Washington, D.C., pp: 106–115, 2004. Sivaneswaran N., Pierce L.M., and J.P. Mahoney. “Transition from Manual to Automated Pavement Condition Surveys: Washington State’s Experience,” The 6th International Conference on Managing Pavements. Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. 2004. Smith R.E. “Pavement Management Levels and Staged Data Collection,” The 4th International Conference on Managing Pavements. Durban, South Africa. 1998. Timm, D. and J.M. McQueen. A Study of Manual vs. Automated Pavement Condition Surveys. Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama. 2004. Vermont Agency of Transportation (VTrans). Asset Management and Performance Bureau Roadway Condition Assessment Collection Scope of Work. Montpelier, VT. 2017.

Standard Definitions for Common Types of Pavement Cracking 68 Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT). 2012. A Guide to Evaluating Pavement Distress Through The Use of Digital Images. Richmond, VA. Wang K.C.P. “Elements of Automated Survey of Pavements and a 3D Methodology,” Journal of Modern Transportation, Volume 19, Number 1, 2011, pp: 51-57. Wang, K.C.P., and W. Gong. “Real-Time Automated Survey System of Pavement Cracking in Parallel Environment,” Journal of Infrastructure Systems, 2006. 3: 154–164. Wang, K.C.P., Z. Hou, and S. Williams. “Precision Test of Cracking Surveys with the Automated Distress Analyzer,” Journal of Transportation Engineering, 2011. 137(8): 571-579, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)TE.1943-5436.0000240. Wang K.C.P. and O. Smadi. Automated Imaging Technologies for Pavement Distress Surveys. Transportation Research Circular E-C156. 2011. Wang, K.C.P., Li, Q., Yang, G., Zhan, Y. and Y. Qiu. “Network Level Pavement Evaluation with 1 mm 3D Survey System,” Journal of Transportation Engineering (English Edition), 2(6), pp. 391– 398, 2015. Wix, R. and R. Leschinski. “3D Technology for Managing Pavements,” International Public Works Conference, Darwin, NT, August 2013. Wolters A.S. and K.A. Zimmerman. “Research of Current Practices in Pavement Performance Modeling,” FHWA-PA-2010-007-080307. Applied Pavement Technology, Inc., Urbana, IL. 2012. Zhang, A., Wang, K.C.P., Li, B., Yang, E., Dai, X., Peng, Y., Fei, Y., Liu, Y., Li, Q. and C. Chen. “Automated Pixel-Level Pavement Crack Detection on 3D Asphalt Surfaces Using a Deep- Learning Network,” Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, 32, pp. 805–819, 2017. Zhang, A., Wang, K.C.P., Yang, E., Li, J.Q., Chen, C. and Y. Qiu. “Pavement Lane Marking Detection Using Matched Filter,” Measurement, 130, pp. 105-117, 2018.