Accelerating Decarbonization in the United States: Technology, Policy, and Societal Dimensions (2024)

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APPENDIX F Equity and Justice Scorecard: Inflation Reduction Act Provisions Through informed assumptions, Table F-1 seeks to quantify the benefits or impacts of federal funding authorized by the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) on underserved, low-income, or disadvantaged communities. For the purposes of the following table, the committee uses the definition of “disadvantaged communities” provided by the Council for Economic Quality (CEQ): a disadvantaged community is one that is mar- ginalized, underserved, and overburdened by environmental pollution and has other socioeconomic burdens, including low income and high employment (CEQ n.d.). Benefit Type Inclusions Direct • Provisions with mandatory carve-outs targeting for “underserved,” “low-income,” or “disadvantaged” communities” and tribal nations and communities • Justice-oriented programs that acknowledge and address harms Indirect • Provisions with non-mandatory options for spending on “underserved,” “low-income,” or “disadvantaged” communities • Provisions with unclear or unknown impacts on disadvantaged communities Evaluation and Assessment • Funding for research, modeling, and monitoring of the impacts of air pollution and climate change on disadvantaged communities • Funding for evaluation of the impact of environmental programs on disadvantaged communities 765 A00026--Accelerating Decarbonization in the United States_APPF.indd 765 3/30/24 3:52 PM 

A C C E L E R AT I N G D E C A R B O N I Z AT I O N I N T H E U N I T E D S TAT E S TABLE F-1  Disadvantaged Community Benefits Scorecard for Select Inflation Reduction Act Provisions Percent of Funding Provision Type of to Disadvantaged Description Benefit Communities §13102—Investment Tax Credit for Energy Property Unknown Provides a tax credit for investment in renewable energy Dependent on whether projects. Credit is increased by up to 10% if project is in an energy community is also a energy community.a (White House 2023) disadvantaged community §13103—Increase in Energy Credit for Solar and Wind Unknown Facilities Placed in Service in Connection with Low-Income Dependent on location of Communities facility and distribution of Provides an additional investment tax credit for small- benefits produced scale solar and wind facilities in low-income communities. Credit increased by 10% for facilities located in low-income communities or on tribal lands and by 20% for facilities that are part of federally subsidized housing programs or that offer at least 50% of the financial benefits to low-income households. (White House 2023) §13301—Energy Efficiency Home Improvement Credit Unknown Provides a tax credit for energy-efficiency improvements of Dependent on residential homes. (White House 2023) implementation and location of improved homes §13302—Residential Clean Energy Credit Unknown Provides a tax credit for the purchase of residential clean Dependent on energy equipment. (White House 2023) implementation and location of improved homes §13303—Energy Efficient Commercial Buildings Unknown Deduction Dependent on Provides a tax deduction for energy efficiency improvements implementations and location to commercial buildings. (White House 2023) of improved buildings §13304—Extension, Increase, and Modification of New Unknown Energy-Efficient Home Credit Dependent implementation Provides a tax credit for construction of new energy-efficient and location of new homes homes. (White House 2023) built §13501—Advanced Energy Project Credit Unknown To provide an investment tax credit for qualified advanced Dependent on energy manufacturing properties, with intentional implementation and location consideration of projects that create jobs in historically of manufacturing properties underserved communities. (Jenkins et al. 2022) 766 A00026--Accelerating Decarbonization in the United States_APPF.indd 766 3/30/24 3:52 PM 

Appendix F TABLE F-1 Continued Percent of Funding Provision Type of to Disadvantaged Description Benefit Communities §13701—Clean Electricity Production Tax Credit Unknown Provides a tax credit to produce clean electricity, regardless of Dependent on whether the technology used. Credit increases by 10% if project is in an energy community is also a energy community. (White House 2023) disadvantaged community §13702—Clean Electricity Investment Tax Credit Unknown Provides a tax credit for investments in facilities that generate Dependent on whether clean electricity. Credit increases by 10% if facility is in an energy community is also a energy community. (White House 2023) disadvantaged community §13901—Permanent Extension of Tax Rate to Fund Black Unknown Lung Disability Trust Fund Dependent on To make permanent the tax rate to pay for the Black Lung implementation and how Disability Trust Fund. (Jenkins et al. 2022) many of the affected live in disadvantaged communities §40001—Investing in Coastal Communities and Climate Unknown Resilience Dependent on To support coastal communities, Indigenous governments, implementation and on how and nonprofit organizations in the conservation, restoration, many coastal communities are and protection of marine habitats and resources. (White disadvantaged communities House 2023) §40004—Research and Forecasting for Weather and 0% Climate To support advancements and improvements in research, observation systems, modeling, forecasting, assessments, and dissemination of information, including climate research. (White House 2023) §40005—Computing Capacity and Research for Weather, 0% Oceans, and Climate To procure additional high-performance computing, data processing capacity, and data management for transaction agreements under the Weather Research and Forecasting Innovation Act. (White House 2023) continued 767 A00026--Accelerating Decarbonization in the United States_APPF.indd 767 3/30/24 3:52 PM 

A C C E L E R AT I N G D E C A R B O N I Z AT I O N I N T H E U N I T E D S TAT E S TABLE F-1 Continued Percent of Funding Provision Type of to Disadvantaged Description Benefit Communities §50122—High-Efficiency Electric Home Rebate Program 95% To award grants to state energy offices and tribal entities $4.275 billion in Department to develop and implement a high-efficiency home rebate of Energy (DOE) grants to program. (White House 2023) state energy offices to fund high-efficiency programs with benefits dependent on implementation 5% $0.225 billion for grants to Tribes to develop and implement a high-efficiency electric home rebate program §50123—State-Based Home Energy Efficiency Contractor Unknown Training Program Dependent on To provide financial assistance to states to develop and implementation implement a training and education program for contractors involved with the installation of home energy efficiency and electrification improvements. (White House 2023) §50131—Assistance for Latest Net-Zero Building Energy Unknown Code Adoption Dependent on To provide grants to states or units of local government to implementation adopt updated building energy codes. (White House 2023) §50144—Energy Infrastructure Reinvestment Financing Unknown To guarantee loans to energy infrastructure projects. (White Dependent on House 2023) implementation §50145—Tribal Energy Loan Guarantee Program 100% To support tribal investments in energy-related projects through direct loans or partial loan guarantees. (White House 2023) §50231—Domestic Water Supply Projects 100% To provide domestic water supplies to disadvantaged communities or households that do not have reliable access to domestic water supplies. (White House 2023) continued 768 A00026--Accelerating Decarbonization in the United States_APPF.indd 768 3/30/24 3:52 PM 

Appendix F TABLE F-1 Continued Percent of Funding Provision Type of to Disadvantaged Description Benefit Communities §50301—Department of Energy Environmental Reviews 0% To provide for the development of programmatic environmental documents, development of data or information systems, and the engagement of stakeholders. (U.S. Congress 2022) §50302—Federal Energy Regulatory Commission 0% Environmental Reviews To provide for the development of programmatic environmental documents, development of data or information systems, and the engagement of stakeholders. (U.S. Congress 2022) §50303—Department of the Interior Environmental Reviews 0% To provide for the development of programmatic environmental documents, development of data or information systems, and the engagement of stakeholders. (U.S. Congress 2022) §60101—Clean Heavy-Duty Vehicles Unknown To provide funding to offset the costs of replacing heavy-duty Dependent on commercial vehicles with zero-emission vehicles, deploying implementation necessary infrastructure, and developing and training the workforce. (White House 2023) §60102—Grants to Reduce Air Pollution at Ports Unknown To purchase and install zero-emission port equipment and Dependent on technology and develop climate action plans to address air implementation pollution at ports. (White House 2023) §60103—Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund 26% To provide competitive grants to mobilize financing for clean $7 billion to enable low- energy and climate projects with an emphasis on projects income and disadvantaged that benefit low-income and disadvantaged communities. communities to deploy and (White House 2023) benefit from zero-emission technology 30% $8 billion reserved for low- income and disadvantaged communities for financial and technical assistance continued 769 A00026--Accelerating Decarbonization in the United States_APPF.indd 769 3/30/24 3:52 PM 

A C C E L E R AT I N G D E C A R B O N I Z AT I O N I N T H E U N I T E D S TAT E S TABLE F-1 Continued Percent of Funding Provision Type of to Disadvantaged Description Benefit Communities §60104—Diesel Emissions Reductions Unknown To identify and reduce diesel emissions resulting from good Dependent on movement facilities and vehicles servicing good movement implementation facilities in low-income and disadvantaged communities. (White House 2023) §60105—Funding to Address Air Pollution 51% Part (a). To extend community air monitoring at or near $0.1175 billion for grants to fenceline communities. deploy and maintain fenceline Part (c). To make air quality sensor technology available air monitoring, screening to low-income and disadvantaged communities. air monitors, national air (White House 2023) toxic trend stations, and community monitors 1% $0.003 billion for grants to deploy, integrate, and operate air quality sensors in low- income and disadvantaged communities §60106—Funding to Address Air Pollution at Schools 100% To provide funding for grants and other activities to monitor and reduce pollution and greenhouse gas emissions in low- income and disadvantaged communities. (White House 2023) §60107—Low-Emissions Electricity Program 20% To fund a wide range of activities to encourage low-emissions $0.017 billion for programs electricity generation and use through education, technical in low-income and assistance, and partnerships with consumers, including low- disadvantaged communities income and disadvantaged communities and local and tribal 20% governments. (White House 2023) $0.017 billion for outreach and technical assistance to and partnerships with state, tribal, and local governments 0% $0.001 to assess reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that result from changes in domestic electricity generation 770 A00026--Accelerating Decarbonization in the United States_APPF.indd 770 3/30/24 3:52 PM 

Appendix F TABLE F-1 Continued Percent of Funding Provision Type of to Disadvantaged Description Benefit Communities §60108—Funding for Section 211(O) of the Clean Air Act Unknown To support investments in advanced biofuels and to Dependent on implement the Renewable Fuel Standard, including the implementation review of transportation fuel impacts on low-income and disadvantaged communities. (White House 2023) §60114—Climate Pollution Reduction Grants Unknown To provide grants to states, air pollution control agencies, Dependent on and Indigenous nations to develop and implement plans for implementation reducing GHG emissions. (White House 2023) §60115—Environmental Protection Agency Efficient, 0% Accurate, and Timely Reviews To provide for the development of environmental data or information systems, stakeholder and community engagement, and the development of geographic information systems and other analysis tools and guidance to improve agency transparency, accountability, and public engagement. (U.S. Congress 2022) §60201—Environmental and Climate Justice Block Grants 100% To provide grants and technical assistance to community- based organizations to reduce indoor and outdoor air pollution. (White House 2023) §60401—Environmental and Climate Data Collection 0% To improve the availability and use of data to support efforts to address environmental injustice and better protect all communities from the impacts of pollution, to update and improve the Climate and Economic Justice Screening Tool, and to identify ways to improve outcomes for communities with environmental justice concerns. (White House 2023) §60402—Council on Environmental Quality Efficient and 0% Effective Environmental Reviews To add staff to support federal agencies and develop tools, guidance, and techniques to increase efficiency and improve community engagement in federal decisions. (White House 2023) continued 771 A00026--Accelerating Decarbonization in the United States_APPF.indd 771 3/30/24 3:52 PM 

A C C E L E R AT I N G D E C A R B O N I Z AT I O N I N T H E U N I T E D S TAT E S TABLE F-1 Continued Percent of Funding Provision Type of to Disadvantaged Description Benefit Communities §60501—Neighborhood Access and Equity Grant Program 62% To award competitive grants for projects that improve $1.9 billion for planning walkability and safety and provide affordable transportation and capacity building access and for planning and capacity building activities in in disadvantaged and disadvantaged or underserved communities. (White House underserved communities 2023) impacted negatively by highways or other transportation facilities 36% $1.1 billion for projects in economically disadvantaged communities §80001—Tribal Climate Resilience 94% Parts (a) and (c). To support climate resilience planning to $0.22 billion for tribal climate help sustain tribal ecosystems and natural and cultural resilience and adaptation resources. programs Part (b). To extend the life of tribal hatcheries and to support hatchery rearing and stocking programs. (White House 2023) §80003—Tribal Electrification Program 100% To provide financial and technical assistance to Indigenous communities to increase the number of tribal homes with zero-emission electricity. (White House 2023) §80004—Emergency Drought Relief for Tribes 100% To fund drought relief actions to mitigate impacts for Indigenous communities affected by the Bureau of Reclamation water project. (White House 2023) aThe IRA defines an “energy community” as (1) a brownfield site, as defined by the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980; (2) a metropolitan statistical area or non-metropolitan statistical are that has 0.17 percent or greater direct employment or 25 percent or greater local tax revenues related to the coal, oil, or natural gas industry and has en unemployment rate at or above the national average unemployment rate for the previous year; or (3) a census tract, or directly adjoining census tract, in which a coal mine has closed after 1999 or in which a coal-fired electric generating unit has been retired after 2009 (NETL n.d.). 772 A00026--Accelerating Decarbonization in the United States_APPF.indd 772 3/30/24 3:52 PM 

Appendix F REFERENCES Jenkins, J.D., J. Farbes, R. Jones, and E. Mayfield. 2022. “REPEAT Project Section-by-Section Summary of Energy and Climate Policies in the 117th Congress.” http://bit.ly/REPEAT-Policies. NETL (National Energy Technology Laboratory). n.d. “Energy Community Tax Credit Bonus.” https://energycommunities. gov/energy-community-tax-credit-bonus. U.S. Congress. 2022. “H.R.5376—117th Congress (2021–2022): Inflation Reduction Act of 2022.” https://www.congress. gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/5376. White House. 2023. Building a Clean Energy Economy: A Guidebook to the Inflation Reduction Act’s Investments in Clean Energy and Climate Action. Version 2. https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Inflation-Reduction-Act- Guidebook.pdf. 773 A00026--Accelerating Decarbonization in the United States_APPF.indd 773 3/30/24 3:52 PM