Preparing for LNG by Rail Tank Car: A Review of a U.S. DOT Safety Research, Testing, and Analysis Initiative (2021)

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63 Craig E. Philip (NAE) (Chair) is the Research Professor and the Director of the Vanderbilt Center for Transportation and Operational Resiliency. He spent 30 years with Ingram Barge Company, serving as the President and the Chief Executive Officer for 14 years until his retirement in 2014. He began his career at the Consolidated Rail Corporation and later served with Southern Pacific Railroad, where he was the Vice President of its Intermodal Division. His research focuses on the application of systems engineering to complex infrastructure network problems, operational safety and resilience, and organizational responses to these problems, especially in the mari- time sector. He has been actively engaged in transportation and logistics industry leadership, serving as the Chair of The American Waterways Operators, the National Waterways Conference, and the U.S. Chamber of Commerce’s Transportation Infrastructure and Logistics Committee. He is currently a member of the Transportation Research Board’s (TRB’s) Executive Committee and is the Vice Chairman of its Marine Board. He served on the TRB Committee for a Study of Domestic Transportation of Petroleum, Natural Gas, and Ethanol, as well as a reviewer for several TRB special reports, including Modernizing Freight Rail Regulation. He serves on numerous boards, including the ArcBest Corporation, the Cumberland River Compact, the Cumberland Heights Foundation, and Seamen’s Church Institute, which presented him with its Lifetime Achievement Award in 2015. In 2010, he was designated as a Distinguished Diplomate in the Academy of Coastal, Ocean, Port & Navigation Engineers. He was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 2014. He earned a B.S. in civil Appendix A Study Committee Biographical Information

64 PREPARING FOR LNG BY RAIL TANK CAR engineering from Princeton University and a Ph.D. in civil engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. H. Norman Abramson (NAE) is the former Executive Vice President of Southwest Research Institute. He is known internationally in the field of theoretical and applied mechanics. His specific area of expertise is in the dynamics of contained liquids in astronautical, nuclear, and marine systems. He began his career as an Associate Professor of aeronautical engineering at Texas A&M University and has served as the Vice President and Governor of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and as the Director of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. As a member of the National Academy of Engineering (NAE), he served on its council from 1984 to 1990. He has been appointed to many other NAE and National Research Council committees, including the Transportation Research Board’s (TRB’s) Research and Technology Coordinating Commit- tee and the Committee on the Federal Transportation R&D Strategic Plan- ning Process, all of which he served as the Chair. He served as a member of the U.S. Air Force Scientific Advisory Board from 1986 to 1990. He earned a B.S. in mechanical engineering and an M.S. in engineering mechanics from Stanford University, and a Ph.D. in engineering mechanics from The University of Texas at Austin. Nii Attoh-Okine is a Professor of civil and environmental engineering at the University of Delaware and the Interim Academic Director of the university’s Cybersecurity Initiative. He is an expert in data analytics as applied to rail- road safety and engineering. His research areas include railway engi neering and safety, machine intelligence in railway condition data, image and signal processing, and cyber resilience. He has published extensively in cross- disciplinary areas, including two books: Big Data and Differential Privacy in Railway Track Engineering (Wiley, 2017), which introduces researchers and railway track engineers to the emerging areas of the book’s title, and Resilience Engineering: Model and Analysis ( Cambridge Press, 2016). He holds professional society memberships in the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engi- neers (IEEE). He serves on the ASCE Committees on Risk and Resilience Measurements and Vulnerability and Risk. He was a Founding Associate Editor for the ASCE/American Society of Mechanical Engineers’ Journal of Risk and Uncertainty in Engineering Systems, which he still serves. He has served as an Associate Editor of various ASCE and IEEE journals. He is a past member of the Transportation Research Board committees on Artificial Intelligence (A5008) and Application of Emerging Technology (A2F09). He earned an M.Sc. in civil engineering from the Rostov State Institute of Civil Engineering, Russia, and a Ph.D. in civil and environmental engineering

APPENDIX A 65 from The University of Kansas. He is a registered professional engineer in Delaware and Kansas. Amos A. Avidan (NAE) is a retired energy and construction industry ex- ecutive with 40 years of experience. He served as the Senior Vice President and the Manager of Engineering and Technology at Bechtel Corporation. He has led people, technology research and development and engineering, large-scale operations, marketing, and large capital projects teams in Mobil Oil and Bechtel. He has more than 20 years of experience in natural gas and liquefied natural gas systems. He is interested in a broad range of fields ranging from leading people and businesses to all established and emerg- ing energy systems and technologies, broad sustainability considerations, impacts of economic growth on society, and addressing global climate change issues related to energy, sustainability, and economic growth. He has authored many technical publications and patents. He holds a B.S. from the Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, and an M.S. and a Ph.D. from The City University of New York, both in chemical engineering. He was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 2009. Christina M. Baxter is the Chief Executive Officer of Emergency Response TIPS, LLC, that provides practical, evidence-based solutions for emergency response through the development of next-generation tools for enhanced situ ational awareness and responder safety and instructional design materials for instructor-led and web-based programs in the areas of chemical, biologi- cal, radiological, nuclear, and high yield explosives (CBRNE); hazardous materials; and clandestine laboratory response. Prior to forming Emergency Response TIPS, LLC, Dr. Baxter was the Program Manager of the CBRNE program at the U.S. Department of Defense’s Combating Terror ism Techni- cal Support Office, where she was responsible for managing domestic and international CBRNE research and development programs to combat terror- ism on behalf of the U.S. government as well as overseeing the international CBRNE agreements with Australia, Canada, Israel, Singapore, and the United Kingdom. She is the Chair for the National Fire Protection Associa- tion standards for CBRNE personal protective equipment and a committee member for hazardous materials operations arenas with more than 20 years of experience. She holds B.S. degrees in chemistry and environmental science from the University of Massachusetts Amherst and a Ph.D. in analytical chemistry from the Georgia Institute of Technology. Lisa M. Bendixen is an expert in hazardous materials risk and safety and has addressed risk management, risk assessment, security, and resilience challenges across numerous industries for fixed facilities and transportation systems. She is a Vice President at ICF, consulting on critical infrastructure

66 PREPARING FOR LNG BY RAIL TANK CAR security and resilience, mission assurance, and other risk management issues with the U.S. Departments of Defense (DOD), Energy (DOE), and Home- land Security (DHS). She served on the Transportation Security Panel for the National Research Council’s (NRC’s) report Making the Nation Safer: The Role of Science and Technology in Countering Terrorism and was on the NRC committee that produced the report Terrorism and the Chemical Infrastructure: Protecting People and Reducing Vulnerabilities. She also served on several other national committees focusing on transportation risks, including spent fuel. She was the project manager and the primary author of the Guidelines for Chemical Transportation Risk Analysis, pub- lished by the American Institute of Chemical Engineers’ Center for Chemi- cal Process Safety, and served on the center’s technical steering committee. Her work with DHS has included long-term support on critical infrastruc- ture security and resilience, including several versions of the National Infrastructure Protection Plan, development and implementation of the Chemical Facility Anti-Terrorism Standards, and strategic and policy sup- port to the Office of Infrastructure Protection. She has supported DOE on work related to grid security from natural hazards and adversarial threats. She is also actively supporting DOD on critical energy and communications infrastructure. She has played leading roles in several safety and risk asso- ciations. Ms. Bendixen holds a B.S. in applied mathematics and an M.S. in operations research from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Jorge A. Carrasco is the Technical Director of Ambipar USA and has more than 40 years of experience in emergency management. He has been provid- ing hazardous materials response services and specialized training world- wide in the areas of industrial emergencies, weapons of mass destruction (WMDs), and emergency management to clients at the chemical producers, railways, mining companies, ports, governments, and emergency responders in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Northern Africa, Peru, Spain, the United States, and Venezuela. He began his career as a Vessel Engi neer in the Chilean Merchant Marine before moving into the railroad industry as Safety Operations Manager at the Antofagasta (Chile) and Bolivia Railway Company, where he specialized in hazardous materials and tank car safety. Afterward, he became the Manager of International Hazmat Operations at the Security and Emergency Response Training Center, based at the Trans- portation Technology Center, Inc., in Pueblo, Colorado. Since 2012, he has been a Principal on the Technical Committee for the Standard for Compe- tence of Responders to Hazardous Materials/Weapons of Mass Destruction Incidents (National Fire Protection Association [NFPA] 472) and serves on three other NFPA technical committees concerned with standards for haz- ardous materials and WMD response. He earned a diploma in solid-state chemistry at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

APPENDIX A 67 Anay Luketa is a Principal Member of the Technical Staff of the Fire Sci- ence and Technology Department at Sandia National Laboratories. She is currently evaluating computational fluid dynamics models to predict dispersion and fire hazards for liquefied natural gas (LNG) facilities and is developing model evaluation protocols for LNG and non-LNG fires. This evaluation also includes assistance with reviews by the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration of hazard modeling software to comply with 49 CFR 193. She has provided independent review and analysis of explosion hazards from a natural gas pipeline for the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) in response to safety concerns identified in a report by the NRC Inspector General and evaluated LNG models for fire and dispersion. Her LNG studies include a safety analysis of large LNG carriers and fire and dispersion analyses of LNG over water. She has also published models for LNG dispersion about large-scale LNG spills. She earned a B.S. in mathematics and a B.A. in psychology from Seattle Uni- versity, as well as an M.S. and a Ph.D. in mechanical engineering from the University of Washington. Gregory G. Noll is the Senior Planning Specialist for the South Central Task Force, a nine-county, all-hazards emergency preparedness organi- zation in south-central Pennsylvania. He is also the Principal at GGN Technical Resources, LLC, a consulting firm specializing in emergency planning, response, and incident management issues. He is the past Chair and a current member of both the National Fire Protection Association Technical Committee on Hazardous Materials Response and the Inter- Agency Board Training and Exercises SubGroup. He is the recipient of a number of national-level awards, including the 2011 John M. Eversole Lifetime Achievement Award by the International Association of Fire Chiefs and the 2010 California Continuing Challenge HazMat Lifetime Achieve- ment Award. In 2019, he was inducted into the National Fire Heritage Center’s Hall of Legends, Legacies and Leaders for his lifetime contribu- tions to the fire service. As a Certified Safety Professional and a Certified Emergency Manager, he has been involved in many national emergency response initiatives involving hazardous materials and energy products. A retired member of the U.S. Air Force Reserve with 29 years of service, he is the author of nine textbooks on hazardous materials emergency response topics. He earned a B.A. in business administration and management from Kutztown State College and an M.A. in public administration from Iowa State University. Dimitris Rizos is an Associate Professor in the Civil and Environmental Engineering Department at the University of South Carolina (UofSC) and the Asso ciate Chair of the department. He is also the coordinator of the

68 PREPARING FOR LNG BY RAIL TANK CAR Advanced Railroad Technology Group at UofSC. In this capacity, he has developed the railway engineering curriculum, established sponsored re- search, and is the Director of the Graduate Certificate in Railway Engi- neering. He has more than 30 years of experience in computational and experimental structural mechanics, structural dynamics, and soil– structure interaction and directs sponsored research relevant to the railway and high- way infrastructure with emphasis on remote sensing and smart monitor- ing of track and structures; railway dynamics; train–track interaction; and analysis and design of freight, passenger, and high-speed railway structures (bridges, tunnels, and track). He is the current Chair of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) Transportation & Development Institute Rail Transportation Committee. His involvement with the professional commu- nity includes membership in organizing committees of conferences, seminars, and workshops; membership in ASCE, the Transportation Research Board, and American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association committees; and has served as the general chair of the Joint Rail Conference 2016. He received a B.Sc. in civil engineering from the University of Patras, Greece, and an M.Sc. and a Ph.D. in civil engineering from UofSC. William (Bill) C. Shust is a mechanical engineer and the consulting owner of Objective Engineers Inc., since 2000. He performs mechanical analyses and testing for clients, including railroads, other industries, and four national laboratories. He has more than 35 years of mechanical and structural engi neering experience and dynamics and has taught courses on vehicle crash testing and mechanical testing and analysis. He has published and presented more than 40 technical papers in refereed journals or confer- ences and authored reports for the Association of American Railroads and others. He is active in professional societies such as the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, SAE International, the Society for Experimental Mechanics, and the American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of- Way Association. He is a registered professional engineer in Colorado and Illinois and earned bachelor’s and master’s degrees in mechanical engineer- ing from Michigan Technological University. Patrick J. Student has more than 40 years of experience with industry regu- lations governing hazardous materials transportation by rail. Mr. Student currently consults for the Association of American Railroads (AAR) as an editor for the AAR Manual of Standards and Recommended Practices for Interoperable Fuel Tenders for Locomotives, M-1004 Specifications for Fuel Tenders. In 2016, he retired as the Director of Hazardous Material, Union Pacific Railroad, where he was responsible for interpreting hazardous materials regulations, railroad operating rules for train makeup and power- ing, and developing systems for compliance with the rules and regulations.

APPENDIX A 69 While at Union Pacific, he served on the AAR Hazardous Materials Com- mittee, Tank Car Committee, and Electronic Data Interchange Hazardous Materials Technical Advisory Group. He also served on the Next Genera- tion Rail Tank Car Project and Advanced Tank Car Collaborative Research Project. Mr. Student holds a bachelor’s degree in chemistry from the Uni- versity of Missouri-Rolla.