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The Competitive Edge: Research Priorities for U.S. Manufacturing (1991)

Chapter: Appendix A: Selected Employment Data

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Selected Employment Data." National Research Council. 1991. The Competitive Edge: Research Priorities for U.S. Manufacturing. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1618.
×

APPENDIX

A

Selected Employment Data

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Selected Employment Data." National Research Council. 1991. The Competitive Edge: Research Priorities for U.S. Manufacturing. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1618.
×

TABLE A-1 Civilian Employment in Occupations with 25,000 Workers or More, Actual 1988 and Projected to 2000, Under Low, Medium, and High Scenarios for Economic Growth (Numbers in Thousands)

 

Total employment

1988–2000 employment change

Occupation

1988

2000

Number

Percent

   

Low

Moderate

High

Low

Moderate

High

Low

Moderate

High

Total, all occupations

118,104

127,118

136,211

144,146

9,015

18,107

26,043

8

15

22

Professional specialty occupations

14,628

17,083

18,137

19,072

2,455

3,509

4,444

17

24

30

Engineers

1,411

1,625

1,762

1,933

214

351

522

15

25

37

Aeronautical and astronautical engineers

78

80

88

101

3

10

23

3

13

29

Chemical engineers

49

52

57

62

3

8

13

7

16

27

Civil engineers, including traffic engineers

186

206

219

236

20

32

49

10

17

26

Electrical and electronics engineers

439

565

615

676

126

176

237

29

40

54

Industrial engineers, except safety engineers

132

142

155

171

10

24

40

8

18

30

Mechanical engineers

225

247

269

294

23

44

69

10

20

31

Architects and surveyors

205

227

244

265

22

39

60

11

19

29

Architects, except landscape and marine

86

99

107

117

14

21

31

16

25

36

Surveyors

100

105

112

121

5

12

22

5

12

22

Teachers, librarians, and counselors

5,379

5,937

6,228

6,499

558

849

1,121

10

16

21

Teachers, special education

275

304

317

332

29

43

57

11

16

21

Teachers, preschool

238

290

309

316

53

72

79

22

30

33

Teachers, kindergarten and elementary school

1,359

1,499

1,567

1,638

140

208

279

10

15

21

Teachers, secondary school

1,164

1,328

1,388

1,451

164

224

287

14

19

25

College and university faculty

846

831

869

908

−14

23

63

−2

3

7

Other teachers and instructors

490

514

545

571

24

55

81

5

11

17

Adult and vocational education teachers

467

493

523

548

27

56

81

6

12

17

Instructors, adult (nonvocational) education

227

250

268

282

22

41

54

10

18

24

Teachers and instructors, vocational education and training

239

243

255

266

4

16

27

2

7

11

Librarians, archivists, curators, and related workers

159

168

176

184

9

17

25

6

11

16

Librarians, professional

143

150

157

165

7

14

22

5

10

15

Counselors

124

150

157

164

26

33

41

21

27

33

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Selected Employment Data." National Research Council. 1991. The Competitive Edge: Research Priorities for U.S. Manufacturing. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1618.
×

Engineering and science technicians and technologists

1,273

1,446

1,559

1,690

173

286

417

14

22

33

Engineering technicians

722

858

926

1,007

136

204

285

19

28

39

Electrical and electronic engineering technicians and technologists

341

434

471

515

93

130

174

27

38

51

Drafters

319

331

358

389

12

39

71

4

12

22

Science and mathematics technicians

232

257

275

294

25

43

62

11

19

27

Precision production, craft, and repair oocupations

14,159

14,444

15,563

16,683

285

1,404

2,525

2

10

18

Blue-collar worker supervisors

1,797

1,788

1,930

2,074

−9

133

277

−1

7

15

Machinery and related mechanics, installers, and repairers

1,620

1,777

1,910

2,038

157

290

418

10

18

26

Industrial machinery mechanics

463

496

538

580

33

75

117

7

16

25

Maintenance repairers, general utility

1,080

1,199

1,282

1,359

119

202

279

11

19

26

Millwrights

77

83

90

99

6

13

22

8

17

28

Vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics and repairers

1,598

1,738

1,868

1,984

140

270

386

9

17

24

Production occupations, precision

3,190

2,941

3,208

3,453

−249

18

263

−8

1

8

Assemblers, precision

354

236

263

291

−118

−91

−63

−33

−26

−18

Aircraft assemblers, precision

31

28

31

36

−3

−1

5

−11

−2

16

Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers, precision

161

81

91

99

−80

−71

−62

−50

−44

−39

Electromechanical equipment assemblers, precision

59

47

53

58

−11

−6

0

−19

−10

0

Machine builders and other precision machine assemblers

55

42

47

51

−13

−8

−4,

−23

−15

−6

Operators, fabricators, and laborers

16,983

15,888

17,198

18,417

−1,095

215

1,434

−6

1

8

Machine setters, set-up operators, operators, and tenders

4,949

4,373

4,779

5,136

−575

−170

187

−12

−3

4

Numerical control machine tool operators and tenders, metal and plastic

64

63

70

77

−1

6

13

−1

9

21

Combination machine tool setters, set-up operators, operators, and tenders

89

88

97

105

−1

8

17

−1

9

19

Machine tool cut and form setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic

791

678

747

814

−114

−45

23

−14

−6

3

Drilling and boring machine tool setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic

56

49

54

59

−7

−2

3

−12,

−3

6

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Selected Employment Data." National Research Council. 1991. The Competitive Edge: Research Priorities for U.S. Manufacturing. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1618.
×

Grinding machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic

72

64

70

77

−8

„1

5

−11

−2

7

Lathe and turning machine tool setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic

89

78

86

94

−11

−3

5

−12

−3

6

Machine forming oparators and tenders, metal and plastic

184

151

166

180

−33

−18

−5

−18

−10

−2

Machine tool cutting operators and tenders, metal and plastic

148

121

133

146

−27

−15

−2

−18

−10

−1

Punching machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic

51

45

50

54

−6

−1

3

−11

−2

6

Metal fabricating machine setters, operators, and related workers

149

122

134

145

−27

−15

−4

−18

−10

−3

Metal fabricators, structural metal products

40

36

39

42

−4

−1

2

−10

−2

5

Welding machine setters, operators, and tenders

99

78

86

93

−21

−14

−6

−21

−14

−6

Metal and plastic processing machine setters, operators, and related workers

392

363

401

437

−29

9

45

−7

2

11

Electrolytic plating machine operators and tenders, setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic

44

37

41

44

−8

−4

0

−17

−8

0

Metal molding machine operators and tenders, setters and set-up operators

35

31

35

38

−4

−1

2

−12

−2

7

Plastic molding machine operators and tenders, setters and set-up operators

144

159

176

191

15

32

47

11

22

33

Hand workers, including assemblers and fabricators

2,528

2,067

2,266

2,430

−461

−262

−98

−18

−10

−4

Cannery workers

71

63

70

71

−8

−1

−1

−11

−2

−1

Cutters and trimmers, hand

63

59

65

69

−4

2

6

−6

3

10

Electrical and etectronic assemblers

237

119

134

144

−118

−103

−93

−50

−44

−39

Grinders and polishers, hand

84

67

74

80

−17

−11

−4

−21

−13

−5

Machine assemblers

47

37

41

45

−9

−5

−2

−20

−12

−4

SOURCE: G. Silvestri and J. Lukasiewicz. 1989. Monthly Labor Review (112:11):51-59.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Selected Employment Data." National Research Council. 1991. The Competitive Edge: Research Priorities for U.S. Manufacturing. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1618.
×

TABLE A-2 Projected Employment Change by Occupation, 1988-2000, Ranked by Absolute Change in Declining Industries (Numbers in Thousands)

Occupation

Projected 1988–2000 employment change

 

All industries

All declining industries

All growing industries

Total, all occupations

17,120.1

−1,435.3

18,555.4

All other assemblers and fabricators

−116.4

−113.1

−3.3

Farm workers

−98.2

−108.5

10.2

Sewing machine operators, garment

−90.7

96.1

5.4

Inspectors, testers, and graders, precision

−41.7

−71.6

29.9

Electrical and electronic assemblers

−103.3

−69.0

−34.3

All other helpers, laborers, and material movers, hand

70.2

−57.9

128.1

Blue-collar worker supervisors

124.1

−54.6

178.7

Hand packers and packagers

−75.0

−48.8

−26.2

Secretaries, except legal and medical

383.9

−44.1

428.0

Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers, precision

−70.2

−44.1

−26.1

Freight, stock, and material movers, hand

19.7

−37.6

57.3

All other machine operators, tenders, setters, and set-up operators

−28.5

−34.1

5.6

Textile draw-out and winding machine operators and tenders

−30.2

−30.8

.6

Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders

−32.6

−30.1

−2.5

Child care workers, private household

−28.1

−28.1

0

Industrial truck and tractor operators

−21.4

−27.6

6.3

Machine feeders and offbearers

−31.0

−26.0

−5.0

Welders and cutters

−16.1

−24.8

8.7

Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks

40.3

−24.4

64.7

Machine forming operators and tenders, metal and plastic

−18.4

−23.4

5.0

General managers and top executives

478.9

−22.5

501.4

All other hand workers

−18.5

−19.6

1.1

All other mechanics, installers, and repairers

−25.9

−17.7

−8.3

Gardeners and groundskeepers, except farm

149.4

−17.5

166.9

Janitors and cleaners, including maids and housekeeping cleaners

471.8

−16.8

488.6

Crushing and mixing machine operators and tenders

−18.9

−15.8

−3.1

Sewing machine operators, nongarment

−8.0

−15.3

7.2

Machine tool cutting operators and tenders, metal and plastic

−14.9

−14.1

−.8

Typists and word processors

−66.2

−13.3

−52.9

Welding machine setters, operators, and tenders

−13.6

−13.0

−.6

Cleaners and servants, private household

−12.6

−12.6

0

All other metal and plastic machine setters, operators, and related workers

−11.5

−11.9

.3

General office clerks

454.3

−11.1

465.4

All other machine tool cutting and forming, etc.

−4.3

−10.9

6.5

Chemical equipment controllers, operators, and tenders

−10.8

−10.2

−.6

Sheet metal workers and duct installers

9.7

−10.1

19.8

SOURCE: G. Silvestri and J. Lukasiewicz. 1989. Monthly Labor Review (112:11):61.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Selected Employment Data." National Research Council. 1991. The Competitive Edge: Research Priorities for U.S. Manufacturing. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1618.
×

TABLE A-3 Percent Change in Employment for Selected Occupations, 1988-2000, and Percent of Employment Comprised by Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics, 1988

   

Percent comprised by–

Occupation

Percent change, 1988–2000

Whites

Blacks

Hispanics

Total, all occupations

15

87

10

7

Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations

22

92

6

4

Professional specialty occupations

24

89

7

3

Engineers

25

90

4

3

Computer, mathematical, and operation research analysts

52

86

7

3

Natural scientists

19

90

3

3

Health diagnosing occupations

24

88

3

4

Health assessment occupations

38

87

8

3

Teachers, college

3

89

4

4

Teachers, except college

18

89

9

4

Lawyers and judges

30

96

2

2

Other professional workers

23

90

8

4

Technicians and related support occupations

32

86

9

4

Health technicians and technologists

34

81

14

4

Engineering and scientific technicians

22

89

7

5

All other technicians

39

88

7

4

Marketing and sales occupations

20

91

6

5

Administrative support occupations, including clerical

12

86

11

6

Clerical supervisors and managers

12

85

14

6

Computer operators and peripheral equipment operators

29

83

14

6

Secretaries, typists, and stenographers

10

89

8

5

Financial recordkeeping occupations

1

90

6

5

Mail clerks and messengers

10

74

22

9

Other clerical occupations

13

84

13

7

Service occupations

23

79

18

10

Private household workers

−5

76

23

17

Protective service occupations

23

81

17

6

Food service occupations

23

83

12

10

Health service occupations

34

69

28

6

Cleaning service occupations

20

74

23

15

Personal service occupations

27

85

12

8

Precision production, craft, and repair occupations

10

90

8

8

Mechanics, installers, and repairers

13

91

7

8

Construction trades

16

91

7

8

Other precision production occupations

3

88

8

9

Operatives, fabricators, and laborers

1

82

15

11

Machine setters, set-up operators, operaters, and tenders

−3

83

15

7

Transportation and material moving machine and vehicle operators

12

82

16

11

Helpers, laborers, and material movers, hand

2

82

15

13

Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related workers

−5

92

7

13

Note: Hispanics can be of any race.

SOURCE: G. Silvestri and J. Lukasiewicz. 1989. Monthly Labor Review (112:11):64.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Selected Employment Data." National Research Council. 1991. The Competitive Edge: Research Priorities for U.S. Manufacturing. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1618.
×

TABLE A-4 Percent Distribution of Employment by Occupation, 1988 and Projected 2000 Alternatives

   

2000

Occupation

1988

Low

Moderate

High

Total employment

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations

10.2

10.8

10.8

10.9

Professional specialty occupations

12.4

13.4

13.3

13.2

Techicians and related support occupations

3.3

3.7

3.7

3.7

Marketing and sales occupations

11.3

11.6

11.7

11.6

Administrative support occupations, including clerical

17.8

17.4

17.3

17.3

Service occupations

15.6

16.7

16.6

16.4

Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related occupations

3.0

2.4

2.4

2.5

Precision production, craft, and repair occupations

12.0

11.4

11.4

11.6

Operators, fabricators, and laborers

14.4

12.5

12.6

12.8

SOURCE: G. Silvestri and J. Lukasiewicz. 1989. Monthly Labor Review (112:11):65.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Selected Employment Data." National Research Council. 1991. The Competitive Edge: Research Priorities for U.S. Manufacturing. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1618.
×
Page 147
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Selected Employment Data." National Research Council. 1991. The Competitive Edge: Research Priorities for U.S. Manufacturing. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1618.
×
Page 148
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Selected Employment Data." National Research Council. 1991. The Competitive Edge: Research Priorities for U.S. Manufacturing. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1618.
×
Page 149
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Selected Employment Data." National Research Council. 1991. The Competitive Edge: Research Priorities for U.S. Manufacturing. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1618.
×
Page 150
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Selected Employment Data." National Research Council. 1991. The Competitive Edge: Research Priorities for U.S. Manufacturing. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1618.
×
Page 151
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Selected Employment Data." National Research Council. 1991. The Competitive Edge: Research Priorities for U.S. Manufacturing. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1618.
×
Page 152
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Selected Employment Data." National Research Council. 1991. The Competitive Edge: Research Priorities for U.S. Manufacturing. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1618.
×
Page 153
Next: Appendix B: Panels of the Committee on Analysis of Research Directions and Needs in U.S. Manufacturing »
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To maintain competitiveness in the emerging global economy, U.S. manufacturing must rise to new standards of product quality, responsiveness to customers, and process flexibility. This volume presents a concise and well-organized analysis of new research directions to achieve these goals.

Five critical areas receive in-depth analysis of present practices, needed improvement, and research priorities:

  • Advanced engineered materials that offer the prospect of better life-cycle performance and other gains.
  • Equipment reliability and maintenance practices for better returns on capital investment.
  • Rapid product realization techniques to speed delivery to the marketplace.
  • Intelligent manufacturing control for improved reliability and greater precision.
  • Building a workforce with the multidisciplinary skills needed for competitiveness.

This sound and accessible analysis will be useful to manufacturing engineers and researchers, business executives, and economic and policy analysts.

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