Use of Rear-Facing Position for Common Wheelchairs on Transit Buses (2003)

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35 REFERENCES 1. U.S. Department of Transportation, “Transportation for Individuals with Disabilities; Final Rule,” Fed- eral Register, 49 CFR Parts 37 and 38, Sept. 6, 1991. 2. Hardin, J. and C. Foreman, Synthesis of Securement Device Options and Strategies, Center for Urban Transportation Research, University of South Flor- ida, Tampa, March 2002. 3. Diggs, W., “Experience with Four Point Restraint System for Wheelchairs: Results of an APTA Sur- vey,” Presented at the APTA 1993 Bus Operations and Technology Conference, American Public Transit Association, Washington, D.C., 1993. 4. Hunter-Zaworski, K.M., D.G. Ullman, J.R. Zaworski, D.E. Herling, and G. Clarke, The Application of the Quality Functional Deployment Method for the De- velopment of an Independent Locking Securement System for Mobility Aids on Public Transportation Vehicles, Transportation Research Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, 1992. 5. Hunter-Zaworski, K.M., J.R. Zaworski, and G. 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Bonicel, L’autobus urbain: Evaluation des solutions d’accessibilité aux person- nes à mobilité réduite, INRETS Rapport No. 150, In- stitut National de Recherche sur les Transports et leur Securité, Arcueil, France, Feb. 1992. 11. Glaeser, K., “Rollstuhle in gebremsten Transportmit- tein—grenzen fur Kippen oder Rutschen,” Die Si- cherung Von Rollstuhlfahrern In Linienbussen Und Behindertentransportwagen, Bundesminister Fuer Verkehr Von Der Bundesanstalt Fuer Strassenwesen Heft 88, 1992, pp. 23–30. 12. Kasten, P., “Fahrgastfreundliche unde behin- dertengerechte Linienbusse—Beschleunigumgsmes- sungen an Rollstuhlen—in Linienbussen,” Die Si- cherung Von Rollstuhlfahrern In Linienbussen Und Behindertentransportwagen, Bundesminister Fuer Verkehr Von Der Bundesanstalt Fuer Strassenwesen Heft 88, 1992, pp. 31–66. 13. Blennemann, F., “German Experience of Carrying Wheelchairs in Low Floor Buses,” Proceedings of the 7th TRANSED International Conference on Mo- bility and Transport for Elderly and Disabled People, Reading, United Kingdom, 1995, pp. 138–145. 14. Dejeammes, M. and Y. Bonicel, “How Can a Wheel- chair User Ride Safely in a Standard Urban Bus?” Proceedings of the 21st Summer Annual Meeting of European Transport Highways and Planning, Uni- versity of Manchester, United Kingdom, Sept. 1993. 15. Briaux-Trouverie, C. and M. Dejeammes, “Proposal of Specifications for the Accessibility of All People to Urban Buses,” Proceedings of the 20th Summer Annual Meeting of European Transport Highways and Planning, University of Manchester, United Kingdom, Sept. 1992. 16. National Advisory Committee for Transport of Dis- abled Persons (COLITRAH), Draft Specifications for the Accessibility of All People to Urban Buses, Na- tional Transport Council, France, Dec. 1991. 17. Dejeammes, M. and Y. 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Rutenberg, U., Accommodating Mobility-Aids on Ca- nadian Low-Floor Buses Using the Rear-Facing Po- sition Design: Experience, Issues, and Requirements, STRP Report 13, Canadian Urban Transit Associa- tion, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 2000. 23. Canadian Standards Association, Accessible Transit Buses, Standard D435-02, 1st ed., Mississauga, On- tario, Canada, Aug. 2002.

36 24. Cross, D., “Securing Wheelchairs: Recent Develop- ments, Future Challenges,” Proceedings of the 2003 APTA Bus and Paratransit Conference, American Public Transportation Association, Milwaukee, Wis., May 2003. 25. Disabled Persons Transport Advisory Committee, Re- Statement of Recommended Specification for Buses Used to Operate Local Services, Department of Transport, London, United Kingdom, 1993. 26. Macdonald, D. and S. Sharp, “Regulating for Im- proved Accessibility to Buses,” Proceedings of the 9th TRANSED International Conference on Mobility and Transport for Elderly and Disabled People, War- saw, Poland, 2001, pp. 62–67. 27. Disabled Persons Transport Advisory Committee, Recommended Specification for Low-Floor Buses, Department of Transport, London, United Kingdom, 1997. 28. The Public Service Vehicles Accessibility Regula- tions 2000, Statutory Instrument 2000 No. 1970, Norwich, United Kingdom, 2000. 29. Canadian Standards Association, Motor Vehicles for the Transportation of Persons with Physical Disabili- ties, Standard CAN/CSA-D409-92, Mississauga, Canada, 1992. 30. “ADA Information Volume 1,” Office of Civil Rights, Federal Transit Administration, Washington, D.C., 2001 [Online]. Available: http://www.fta.dot. gov/office/civilrights/adainfo.html. 31. King, R. and G. Francis, Guideline Specifications for Passive Lifts, Active Lifts, Wheelchair Ramps, and Securement Devices, Battelle, Columbus, Ohio, 1986. 32. Canadian Standards Association, Motor Vehicles for the Transportation of Persons with Physical Disabili- ties, Standard CAN/CSA-D409-84, Mississauga, On- tario, Canada, 1984. 33. Mercer, W., Demonstration of Dynamic Response of Passengers, Personal Mobility Devices, and Their Riders in a Low Floor Bus, Ministry of Transporta- tion of Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 1995. 34. Shaw, G. and T. Gillispie, Appropriate Protection for Wheelchair Riders on Public Transit Buses, Univer- sity of Virginia, Report prepared for Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center on Wheelchair Trans- portation Safety, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa., 2002.