Incorporating ITS Into the Transportation Planning Process: An Integrated Planning Framework (ITS, M&O, Infrastructure) Practitioner's Guidebook (2002)

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TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements.................................................................................................................................... I-2 I Introduction......................................................................................................................................... I-2 I.A Scope of Guidebook: Transportation Planning and Decision Making ....................................... I-4 I.B New Problems—New Solutions................................................................................................. I-5 I.C ITS Bridges the Gap Between Operations and Planning ............................................................ I-6 I.D Desired Features of an Integrated Decision Process................................................................... I-7 I.E Organization of the Guidebook .................................................................................................. I-7 II The Changing Context of Planning and Decision Making: Forces Leading to Integrated Planning. .......................................................................................... II-1 II.A Re-Orientation to Match 21st Century Issues............................................................................II-2 II.B Contexts: Conditions for Integrated Planning ...........................................................................II-3 II.C The Growing Governmental Emphasis Towards Better Management and Use of ITS (ISTEA and TEA-21).......................................................II-5 II.C.1 The ISTEA ERA.............................................................................................................II-5 II.C.2 TEA –21 and the Management & Operations (M&O) Planning Factor .........................II-6 II.C.3 TEA –21 AND Conformity with the National ITS Architecture ....................................II-7 II.D ITS is Bridging the Gap Between Operations and Planning....................................................II-10 II.E Chapter Review and Transition Assessment ...........................................................................II-13 III An Integrated Decision-Making Framework.................................................................................III-1 III.A Desired Characteristics of Integrated ITS, M&O, and Infrastructure Planning/Decision Making ............................................................. III-4 III.B A New Integrated Framework ................................................................................................. III-5 III.B.1 New Orientation of Planning/Decision Making to the Path of Development from the Near-Term to the Long-Term............................. III-6 III.B.2 Incorporation of the New Elements Needed for Integrated Alternatives That Include ITS and M&O................................................. III-9 III.B.3 Evolution of Planning and Operations Decision-Making Relationships, Activities, and Functions to a Single Integrated Process......................................... III-10 III.C Meeting Federal and Other Governmental Planning Requirements ...................................... III-16 III.C.1 Congestion Management Systems .............................................................................. III-17 III.C.2 Regional ITS Architecture Development.................................................................... III-18 III.C.3 Transportation Improvement Programs: Metropolitan and Statewide (TIP/STIP) ..... III-19 III.C.4 Metropolitan and Statewide Transportation Plans (LRP) ........................................... III-20 III.C.5 Corridor/SubArea Alternative Development (formerly MIS) and NEPA................... III-21 III.C.6 Air Quality Conformity and the State Implementation Plan for Air Quality (SIP)..... III-21 III.D Transitioning to the New Framework.................................................................................... III-22 III.D.1 Transition Strategies (Institutional)......................................................................... III-22 III.D.2 Transition Strategies (Technical) ............................................................................ III-23 III.E Chapter Review and Transition Assessment ......................................................................... III-24 IV Institutional Relationships, Activities, And Functions.................................................................. IV-1 IV.A Bridging the Gap Between Planning and Operations .............................................................. IV-3 IV.A.1 The Gap Between the Planning and Operations Worlds ........................................... IV-3 IV.A.2 Redefine Institutional/Organizational Relationships................................................. IV-6 IV.A.3 Expand Stakeholder Involvement ........................................................................... IV-10 IV.A.4 Determine Private-Public Sector Roles and Relationships...................................... IV-13 IV.B Choosing What is Best in a Given Context? ......................................................................... IV-17 I-1

IV.B.1 Sources/Perspectives for Evolving/New Organizations ..........................................IV-17 IV.B.2 Ways to Organize ....................................................................................................IV-19 IV.B.3 How to Choose: Factors To Consider......................................................................IV-21 IV.B.4 Assembling Resources.............................................................................................IV-26 IV.C Concept of Planning ..............................................................................................................IV-28 IV.D Chapter Review and Transition Assessment..........................................................................IV-29 V Technical Activities and Functions .................................................................................................. V-1 V.A Cross-Cutting Technical Issues ................................................................................................ V-5 V.A.1 The Need for Architectures (The National ITS Architecture)........................................ V-6 V.A.2 The Benefits of Standards. ............................................................................................. V-9 V.A.3 Geographic Scale ......................................................................................................... V-11 V.A.4 Time Frame.................................................................................................................. V-13 V.A.5 Dealing with Uncertainty. ............................................................................................ V-14 V.A.6 Availability of Data on ITS Costs and Impacts............................................................ V-14 V.A.7 Section Review and Transition Assessment................................................................. V-14 V.B Vision, Goals and Objectives and Their Measures ................................................................. V-17 V.B.1 Current Practice Versus an Integrated Approach ......................................................... V-18 V.B.2 Application Within the Integrated Framework ............................................................ V-19 V.B.3 Variations by Scale, Setting and Institution ................................................................. V-22 V.B.4 Section Review and Transition Assessment................................................................. V-23 V.C Initial Conditions and Needs/Deficiencies Analysis............................................................... V-25 V.C.1 Current Practice Versus an Integrated Approach ......................................................... V-25 V.C.2 Application Within the Integrated Framework ............................................................ V-26 V.C.3 Variations by Scale, Setting, And Institutions ............................................................. V-29 V.C.4 Section Review and Transition Assessment................................................................. V-30 V.D Identifying Alternatives .......................................................................................................... V-31 V.D.1 Current Practice Versus an Integrated Approach ......................................................... V-32 V.D.2 Application Within the Integrated Framework ............................................................ V-45 V.D.3 Variations by Scale, Setting, and Institutions............................................................... V-49 V.D.4 Section Review and Transition Assessment................................................................. V-54 V.E Estimating Impacts, Benefits and Costs.................................................................................. V-55 V.E.1 Current Practice Versus an Integrated Approach ......................................................... V-56 V.E.2 Application Within the Integrated Framework ............................................................ V-64 V.E.3 Variations by Scale, Setting, And Institutions ............................................................. V-69 V.E.4 Section Review and Transition Assessment................................................................. V-69 V.F Evaluation of Alternatives ...................................................................................................... V-71 V.F.1 Current Practice Versus an Integrated Approach ......................................................... V-71 V.F.2 Application Within the Integrated Framework ............................................................ V-72 V.F.3 Variations by Scale, Setting, and Institutions............................................................... V-74 V.F.4 Section Review and Transition Assessment................................................................. V-75 V.G Planning to Programming ....................................................................................................... V-77 V.G.1 Current Practice Versus an Integrated Approach ......................................................... V-77 V.G.2 Application Within the Integrated Framework ............................................................ V-79 V.G.3 Variations by Scale, Setting, And Institutions ............................................................. V-83 V.G.4 Section Review and Transition Assessment................................................................. V-84 V.H ITS Data and Planning Decision Making ............................................................................... V-87 V.H.1 Current Practice Versus an Integrated Approach ......................................................... V-88 V.H.2 Application Within the Integrated Framework ............................................................ V-95 V.H.3 Variations by Scale, Setting, and Institutions............................................................... V-98 V.H.4 Section Review and Transition Assessment................................................................. V-98 VI Continuing Challenges and Sources for Staying Current.............................................................VI-1 VI.A Continuing Challenges.............................................................................................................VI-1 VI.B Sources for Current Information..............................................................................................VI-2 I-2

VI.B.1 ITS, Operations, and the Changing Requirements and Practice for Integrated Planning. ........................................................................ VI-2 VI.B.2 Institutional and Organizational Issues. .................................................................... VI-2 VI.B.3 Visions, Goals, Objectives and Performance Measures. ........................................... VI-2 VI.B.4 Estimating Benefits, Costs, and Impacts ................................................................... VI-3 VI.B.5 ITS Architecture’s and Standards.............................................................................. VI-3 VI.B.6 ITS Data and ADUS.................................................................................................. VI-3 VI.B.7 ITS and Planning Training ........................................................................................ VI-4 VII Bibliography ....................................................................................................................................VII-1 Appendixes............................................................................................................................................APP-1 Appendix A Glossary. .....................................................................................................................A-1 Appendix B: ITS User Services versus Market Packages ................................................................B-1 Appendix C: Self-Assessments on Regional Progress Towards Integrated Planning.......................C-1 I-3