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Analysis of Naturalistic Driving Study Data: Offset Left-Turn Lanes (2014)

Chapter: Appendix A - Descriptive Statistics

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Descriptive Statistics." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2014. Analysis of Naturalistic Driving Study Data: Offset Left-Turn Lanes. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22315.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Descriptive Statistics." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2014. Analysis of Naturalistic Driving Study Data: Offset Left-Turn Lanes. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22315.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Descriptive Statistics." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2014. Analysis of Naturalistic Driving Study Data: Offset Left-Turn Lanes. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22315.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Descriptive Statistics." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2014. Analysis of Naturalistic Driving Study Data: Offset Left-Turn Lanes. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22315.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Descriptive Statistics." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2014. Analysis of Naturalistic Driving Study Data: Offset Left-Turn Lanes. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22315.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Descriptive Statistics." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2014. Analysis of Naturalistic Driving Study Data: Offset Left-Turn Lanes. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22315.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Descriptive Statistics." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2014. Analysis of Naturalistic Driving Study Data: Offset Left-Turn Lanes. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22315.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Descriptive Statistics." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2014. Analysis of Naturalistic Driving Study Data: Offset Left-Turn Lanes. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22315.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Descriptive Statistics." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2014. Analysis of Naturalistic Driving Study Data: Offset Left-Turn Lanes. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22315.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Descriptive Statistics." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2014. Analysis of Naturalistic Driving Study Data: Offset Left-Turn Lanes. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22315.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Descriptive Statistics." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2014. Analysis of Naturalistic Driving Study Data: Offset Left-Turn Lanes. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22315.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Descriptive Statistics." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2014. Analysis of Naturalistic Driving Study Data: Offset Left-Turn Lanes. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22315.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Descriptive Statistics." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2014. Analysis of Naturalistic Driving Study Data: Offset Left-Turn Lanes. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22315.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Descriptive Statistics." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2014. Analysis of Naturalistic Driving Study Data: Offset Left-Turn Lanes. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22315.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Descriptive Statistics." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2014. Analysis of Naturalistic Driving Study Data: Offset Left-Turn Lanes. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22315.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Descriptive Statistics." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2014. Analysis of Naturalistic Driving Study Data: Offset Left-Turn Lanes. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22315.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Descriptive Statistics." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2014. Analysis of Naturalistic Driving Study Data: Offset Left-Turn Lanes. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22315.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Descriptive Statistics." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2014. Analysis of Naturalistic Driving Study Data: Offset Left-Turn Lanes. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22315.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Descriptive Statistics." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2014. Analysis of Naturalistic Driving Study Data: Offset Left-Turn Lanes. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22315.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Descriptive Statistics." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2014. Analysis of Naturalistic Driving Study Data: Offset Left-Turn Lanes. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22315.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Descriptive Statistics." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2014. Analysis of Naturalistic Driving Study Data: Offset Left-Turn Lanes. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22315.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Descriptive Statistics." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2014. Analysis of Naturalistic Driving Study Data: Offset Left-Turn Lanes. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22315.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Descriptive Statistics." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2014. Analysis of Naturalistic Driving Study Data: Offset Left-Turn Lanes. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22315.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Descriptive Statistics." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2014. Analysis of Naturalistic Driving Study Data: Offset Left-Turn Lanes. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22315.
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60 A p p e n d i x A This appendix presents tables and figures that were refer- enced in Chapter 4 of this report but were not shown there. They primarily show detailed descriptive statistics for many of the variables included in or considered for analysis. The significance of these tables and figures was discussed in Chapter 4 and is not repeated here. Descriptive Statistics

61 Table A.1. Signalized Intersection Characteristics and Number of Trips in Study Route 1 Name Route 2 Name Direction Measured Offset (ft) Intersection Skew (deg) Number of Opposing Through Lanes Posted Speed Limit on Turning Driver’s Approach (mph) Posted Speed Limit on Opposing Approach (mph) Left-Turn Signal Phasing Number of NDS Drivers Number of NDS Driver Trips Number of Non- NDS Driver Trips Florida DEAN DAIRY RD SR-54 N-S -3 90 1 40 40 Permissive 4 7 5 COUNTY LINE RD BAKER ST N-S -15 85 2 45 45 Permissive/ protected 2 10 2 FLORIDA AVE WATERS AVE N-S -2 90 2 40 40 Splita 10 11 9 LAKE MAGDALENE BLVD FLETCHER AVE E-W -4 90 2 40 40 Permissive/ protected 2 20 6 US-92 AZEELE ST E-W -4 90 1 40 40 Permissive 4 7 2 BOULEVARD N BEARSS AVE E-W -4 90 2 45 45 Permissive/ protected 6 10 1 KINGSWAY RD WHEELER AVE E-W -6 90 1 35 35 Permissive 3 14 2 HIMES AVE JOHN F KENNEDY BLVD N-S 6 90 1 40 40 Permissive/ protected 2 4 3 ANDERSON RD SLIGH AVE N-S -16 75 2 45 45 Permissive/ protected 3 3 2 N BOULEVARD W COLUMBUS DR E-W 2 90 1 40 40 Permissive 4 10 5 N MILLER RD SR-60 N-S 4 90 1 35 35 Permissive/ protected 3 7 7 S PARSONS AVE SR-574 N-S 4 90 1 45 45 Permissive/ protected 2 2 1 ARMENIA AVE WATERS AVE E-W -6 90 2 45 45 Permissive/ protected 8 10 4 ARMENIA AVE WATERS AVE N-S 4 90 1 35 35 Permissive/ protected 6 7 3 WEST SHORE BLVD US-92 E-W -9 90 2 45 45 Permissive/ protected 1 1 3 HANLEY RD WATERS AVE N-S 4 90 2 35 35 Permissive/ protected 3 4 3 (continued on next page)

62Table A.1. Signalized Intersection Characteristics and Number of Trips in Study (continued) Route 1 Name Route 2 Name Direction Measured Offset (ft) Intersection Skew (deg) Number of Opposing Through Lanes Posted Speed Limit on Turning Driver’s Approach (mph) Posted Speed Limit on Opposing Approach (mph) Left-Turn Signal Phasing Number of NDS Drivers Number of NDS Driver Trips Number of Non- NDS Driver Trips Florida HABANA AVE COLUMBUS DR E-W 0 90 2 40 40 Permissive 4 12 11 HABANA AVE COLUMBUS DR N-S 0 90 1 30 30 Permissive 1 1 1 ROME AVE SLIGH AVE N-S 0 90 1 35 35 Permissive 6 7 1 ROME AVE SLIGH AVE E-W 0 90 2 30 30 Permissive 5 36 10 NEBRASKA AVE COLUMBUS DR E-W 3 90 1 30 30 Permissive 4 8 4 NEBRASKA AVE COLUMBUS DR N-S -3 90 1 35 35 Permissive 8 11 1 MACDILL AVE CYPRESS ST E-W -2 90 1 30 30 Permissive 3 6 2 MACDILL AVE CYPRESS ST N-S -8 90 2 40 40 Permissive 7 10 4 MCINLEY DR BOUGAINVILEA AVE E-W 0 90 1 40 40 Permissive 6 6 1 HIMES AVE EUCLID AVE E-W 0 90 1 30 30 Permissive 2 34 24 HIMES AVE EUCLID AVE N-S 0 90 1 35 35 Permissive 5 8 5 HIMES AVE EL PRADO BLVD E-W 0 90 1 30 30 Permissive 3 3 1 HIMES AVE EL PRADO BLVD N-S 0 90 1 35 35 Permissive 2 2 HIMES AVE CYPRESS ST E-W 3 90 1 30 30 Permissive 6 35 17 HIMES AVE CYPRESS ST N-S 0 90 2 40 40 Permissive 6 6 4 N 15TH ST HILLSBOROUGH N-S 2 90 1 30 30 Permissive 7 18 24 N NEBRASKA AVE E SLIGH AVE E-W 6 90 1 35 35 Permissive 5 5 3 N NEBRASKA AVE E SLIGH AVE N-S -2 90 2 40 40 Permissive 4 5 1 US-92 W EL PRADO BLVD N-S 2 90 2 40 40 Permissive 4 5 US-92 W EL PRADO BLVD E-W -6 90 2 30 30 Permissive 5 9 5 N MILLER RD SR-60 E-W -29 90 2 55 55 Permissive/ protected 1 1 S ST CLOUD AVE SR-60 E-W -26 90 2 55 55 Permissive/ protected 1 15 6 (continued on next page)

63 Indiana N DUNN STb E MATLOCK RDb N-S -13 90 1 30 35 Permissive 4 17 14 S WALNUT ST W GRIMES LN E-W -11 90 1 30 30 Permissive/ protected 9 27 4 North Carolina CREEDMOOR RD STONEHENGE DR N-S -8 90 2 45 45 Permissive/ protected 1 2 FRANKLIN STb HILLSBORO STb NE-SW 0 90 2 20 30 Permissive 9 24 4 EBENEZER CHURCH RD MARVINO LN N-S 0 90 2 35 35 Permissive 2 10 EBENEZER CHURCH RD MARVINO LN E-W -2 90 1 35 35 Permissive 2 2 2 185 452 207 a At this left-turn offset pair of approaches, one had permissive left-turn phasing while the other had permissive/protected phasing. In the analysis, the appropriate left-turn signal phasing was assigned to each event at that intersection. b At these intersections, the posted speed limit differed between one approach and its opposing approach. Therefore, for some observations, the two speed limit values are flipped. In the analysis, the speed limits for turning and opposing drivers were appropriately assigned to individual turning maneuvers. Table A.1. Signalized Intersection Characteristics and Number of Trips in Study (continued) Route 1 Name Route 2 Name Direction Measured Offset (ft) Intersection Skew (deg) Number of Opposing Through Lanes Posted Speed Limit on Turning Driver’s Approach (mph) Posted Speed Limit on Opposing Approach (mph) Left-Turn Signal Phasing Number of NDS Drivers Number of NDS Driver Trips Number of Non- NDS Driver Trips

64Table A.2. Two-Way Stop-Controlled Intersection Characteristics and Number of Trips in Study Route 1 Name Route 2 Name Direction Measured Offset (ft) Intersection Skew (deg) Number of Opposing Through Lanes Posted Speed Limit on Turning Driver’s Approach (mph) Posted Speed Limit on Opposing Approach (mph) Number of NDS Drivers Number of NDS Driver Trips Number of Non- NDS Driver Trips Florida N NEBRASKA AVE SINCLAIR HILLS RD N-S -13 90 2 45 45 7 32 2 N NEBRASKA AVE E 124TH AVE N-S -9 90 2 45 45 2 2 56TH ST N E 127TH AVE N-S -28 90 2 50 50 4 19 2 E BULLARD PKWY SUNNYSIDE RD E-W -11 90 2 30 30 6 74 12 E FLETCHER AVE N 19TH ST N-S 0 90 2 45 45 2 5 56TH ST N E SERENA DR N-S -8 90 2 35 35 6 27 North Carolina HIGH HOUSE RD CRANBORNE LN E-W -6 90 2 45 45 1 31 6 E MILLBROOK RD SWEETBRIAR ST E-W 0 90 2 35 35 2 6 CREEDMOOR RD MORGAN’S WAY N-S -7 90 2 45 45 1 6 1 FORDHAM BLVD BRANDON N-S -14 90 2 45 45 3 16 5 FORDHAM BLVD CLELAND RD N-S -12 90 2 45 45 3 60 26 Washington SR-9 108TH ST NE N-S 0 90 1 55 55 3 10 1 5TH AVE NE NE 205TH ST N-S 0 90 1 40 40 3 6 2 104TH AVE SE SE 264TH ST E-W -13 90 1 35 35 3 12 2 46 306 59

65 Traffic control Signalized Two-Way Stop-Controlled FREQ. 4 3 7 8 11 5 6 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 1 3 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 Offset categoryState WA NC IN FL (g) 4 to 6 ft (f) 1 to 3 ft (e) 0 ft (d) -5 to -1 ft (c) -10 to -6 ft (b) -15 to -11 ft (a) -16 ft or less (g) 4 to 6 ft (f) 1 to 3 ft (e) 0 ft (d) -5 to -1 ft (c) -10 to -6 ft (b) -15 to -11 ft (a) -16 ft or less (g) 4 to 6 ft (f) 1 to 3 ft (e) 0 ft (d) -5 to -1 ft (c) -10 to -6 ft (b) -15 to -11 ft (a) -16 ft or less (g) 4 to 6 ft (f) 1 to 3 ft (e) 0 ft (d) -5 to -1 ft (c) -10 to -6 ft (b) -15 to -11 ft (a) -16 ft or less Number of sites 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Figure A.1. Distribution of sites by state, offset category, and intersection type. NDS driver gender Female Male FREQ. 25 30 29 22 1 6 5 2 8 5 2 7 3 3 3 1 Age groupState WA NC IN FL 66+ 26 to 65 21 to 25 16 to 20 66+ 26 to 65 21 to 25 16 to 20 66+ 26 to 65 21 to 25 16 to 20 66+ 26 to 65 21 to 25 16 to 20 Drivers 0 42 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 Figure A.2. Distribution of NDS drivers by state, age, and gender.

66 Gap acceptance NO YES FREQ. 196 23 221 590 534 234 98 0 77 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 84 0 0 Offset categoryState NC IN FL (g) 4 to 6 ft (f) 1 to 3 ft (e) 0 ft (d) -1 to -5 ft (c) -6 to -10 ft (b) -11 to -15 ft (a) -16 ft or less (g) 4 to 6 ft (f) 1 to 3 ft (e) 0 ft (d) -1 to -5 ft (c) -6 to -10 ft (b) -11 to -15 ft (a) -16 ft or less (g) 4 to 6 ft (f) 1 to 3 ft (e) 0 ft (d) -1 to -5 ft (c) -6 to -10 ft (b) -11 to -15 ft (a) -16 ft or less Number of gaps 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 Figure A.3. Distribution of accepted and rejected gaps by state and offset category for signalized intersections. Gap acceptance NO YES FREQ. 45 335 107 40 0 582 94 6 0 15 0 61 Offset categoryState WA NC FL (e) 0 ft (c) -6 to -10 ft (b) -11 to -15 ft (a) -16 ft or less (e) 0 ft (c) -6 to -10 ft (b) -11 to -15 ft (a) -16 ft or less (e) 0 ft (c) -6 to -10 ft (b) -11 to -15 ft (a) -16 ft or less Number of gaps 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 Figure A.4. Distribution of accepted and rejected gaps by state and offset category for two-way stop-controlled intersections.

67 Signalized Intersections Red dot = mean; Horizontal line = median; Colored box = mid 50% of data; Blue circle = extreme value NO YES NO NONO YESYES NO NOYESYES NO YESYES -5 0 5 10 15 20 P o s t - e n c r o a c h m e n t t i m e ( s e c ) f o r a c c e p t e d g a p s Sight distance obstructed? (a) -16 ft or less (b) -15 to -11 ft (c) -10 to -6 ft (d) -5 to -1 ft (e) 0 ft (f) 1 to 3 ft (g) 4 to 6 ft Offset category N Min -1.3 Mean 6.0 Median .2 Max 14.6 Std Dev 17 6 4.3 2 -0.7 4.8 4.8 10.2 7.7 8 -1.6 4.8 4.9 9.0 3.6 3 4.8 5.3 5.3 5.8 0.5 21 1.7 6.2 6.1 11.4 3.0 7 2.6 5.0 4.4 9.7 2.5 46 -1.1 6.1 5.5 16.5 4.0 10 2.6 6.0 5.2 11.4 3.1 93 0.0 6.6 5.8 19.9 3.6 2 5.7 6.9 6.9 8.1 1.7 35 1.0 6.1 6.1 12.3 2.4 0 . . . . . 23 -1.5 5.0 4.6 9.8 2.6 2 6.8 8.5 8.5 10.1 2.3 Figure A.5. Distribution of postencroachment time for accepted gaps by offset category and presence of sight obstruction at signalized intersections.

68Two-Way Stop-Controlled Intersections Red dot = mean; Horizontal line = median; Colored box = mid 50% of data; Blue circle = extreme value NO NO NO NOYESYESYES YES 0 2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 12.5 15.0 17.5 20.0 22.5 25.0 P o s t - e n c r o a c h m e n t t i m e ( s e c ) f o r a c c e p t e d g a p s Sight distance obstructed? (a) -16 ft or less (b) -15 to -11 ft (c) -10 to -6 ft (e) 0 ft Offset category N Min .7 Mean 7.4 Median .5 Max 13.9 Std Dev 5 2 5 4.9 0 . . . . . 137 2.1 7.4 7.0 24.8 3.9 13 2.8 9.2 7.7 17.1 5.1 37 1.8 7.4 6.4 19.8 4.2 4 2.4 7.2 7.6 11.1 4.2 13 1.8 7.2 8.2 11.2 3.0 0 . . . . . Figure A.6. Distribution of postencroachment time for accepted gaps by offset category and presence of sight obstruction at two-way stop-controlled intersections.

69 Signalized Intersections Red dot = mean; Horizontal line = median; Colored box = mid 50% of data; Blue circle = extreme value 16-20 21-25 26-65 66+ 16-20 21-25 26-65 66+ 16-20 21-25 26-65 66+ 16-20 21-25 26-65 66+ 16-20 21-25 26-65 66+ 16-20 21-25 26-65 66+ 16-20 21-25 26-65 66+ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 A v a i l a b l e g a p l e n g t h ( s e c ) Age group (a) -16 ft or less (b) -15 to -11 ft (c) -10 to -6 ft (d) -5 to -1 ft (e) 0 ft (f) 1 to 3 ft (g) 4 to 6 ft Offset category N 121 Min 0.3 Mean 2.5 Median 1.4 Max 15.9 Std Dev 2.7 0 . . . . . 3 0.8 2.2 2.0 4.0 1.6 16 1.5 2.3 1.8 6.4 1.2 0 . . . . . 14 1.9 3.3 2.8 6.4 1.5 10 1.6 5.2 3.2 12.6 4.0 2 2.2 7.0 7.0 11.8 6.8 59 0.8 2.8 2.2 9.7 1.9 4 3.3 8.3 8.6 12.8 4.3 30 0.5 2.5 2.2 5.8 1.3 41 0.2 2.9 2.4 10.7 2.0 9 1.5 3.2 3.3 4.7 1.0 18 1.1 4.2 3.0 11.9 3.1 97 0.1 2.3 1.8 14.7 2.3 376 0.2 2.3 1.6 14.3 2.4 192 0.3 2.8 2.0 14.3 2.6 18 1.3 4.7 3.1 14.5 3.6 106 0.5 3.9 3.0 15.7 2.8 51 0.2 4.1 2.8 14.0 3.2 0 . . . . . 55 1.3 3.9 3.0 15.2 2.6 19 0.5 3.1 2.3 8.8 2.4 25 0.3 3.1 2.1 11.6 3.1 16 1.3 3.3 2.9 11.7 2.5 13 0.5 3.0 1.7 7.6 2.6 18 0.8 3.2 2.2 10.6 2.7 8 1.1 3.3 2.0 8.3 2.7 Figure A.7. Distribution of available gap length by offset category and age group at signalized intersections.

70 Signalized Intersections Red dot = mean; Horizontal line = median; Colored box = mid 50% of data; Blue circle = extreme value Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 A v a i l a b l e g a p l e n g t h ( s e c ) NDS driver gender (a) -16 ft or less (b) -15 to -11 ft (c) -10 to -6 ft (d) -5 to -1 ft (e) 0 ft (f) 1 to 3 ft (g) 4 to 6 ft Offset category N 1 Min 3.5 Mean 3.5 Median 3.5 Max 3.5 Std Dev . 139 0.3 2.5 1.6 15.9 2.6 3 4.8 7.5 5.1 12.6 4.4 23 1.6 3.9 3.1 11.8 2.9 70 0.5 3.3 2.5 12.8 2.5 64 0.2 2.5 2.1 10.7 1.5 418 0.2 2.3 1.6 14.7 2.2 82 0.1 2.9 1.9 14.3 3.1 306 0.3 3.1 2.3 15.7 2.7 61 0.2 4.8 3.7 14.5 3.5 86 0.3 3.6 2.7 15.2 2.8 13 0.5 3.3 2.6 8.8 2.2 15 1.0 3.3 1.8 7.6 2.2 40 0.5 3.2 2.3 11.7 2.7 Figure A.8. Distribution of available gap length by offset category and gender at signalized intersections.

71 Signalized Intersections Red dot = mean; Horizontal line = median; Colored box = mid 50% of data; Blue circle = extreme value 16-20 21-25 26-65 66+ 16-20 21-25 26-65 66+ 16-20 21-25 26-65 66+ 16-20 21-25 26-65 66+ 16-20 21-25 26-65 66+ 16-20 21-25 26-65 66+ 16-20 21-25 26-65 66+ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 A c c e p t e d g a p l e n g t h ( s e c ) Age group (a) -16 ft or less (b) -15 to -11 ft (c) -10 to -6 ft (d) -5 to -1 ft (e) 0 ft (f) 1 to 3 ft (g) 4 to 6 ft Offset category N 11 Min 3.5 Mean 8.6 Median 8.3 Max 15.9 Std Dev 3.3 0 . . . . . 1 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 . 1 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 . 0 . . . . . 1 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 . 5 3.2 8.1 9.4 12.6 3.9 2 2.2 7.0 7.0 11.8 6.8 8 3.2 6.3 6.2 9.7 2.2 3 3.3 8.9 10.7 12.8 5.0 2 4.4 5.1 5.1 5.8 1.0 3 3.0 5.9 4.1 10.7 4.2 1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 . 5 4.2 7.7 7.3 11.9 3.5 10 0.9 5.0 4.1 11.9 3.6 25 1.1 8.9 8.3 14.3 3.1 20 3.7 7.9 6.6 13.7 3.2 5 4.8 9.2 7.5 14.5 3.8 19 2.7 7.4 7.3 15.7 3.4 13 3.0 8.3 7.6 14.0 3.3 0 . . . . . 13 2.3 7.4 6.8 15.2 3.3 3 6.1 7.8 8.5 8.8 1.5 4 7.3 9.5 9.5 11.6 2.3 3 3.9 7.0 5.3 11.7 4.1 3 6.0 6.9 7.2 7.6 0.8 4 2.7 6.5 6.4 10.6 3.6 4 1.1 4.8 5.0 8.3 3.3 Figure A.9. Distribution of accepted gap length by offset category and age group at signalized intersections.

72Signalized Intersections Red dot = mean; Horizontal line = median; Colored box = mid 50% of data; Blue circle = extreme value Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 A c c e p t e d g a p l e n g t h ( s e c ) NDS driver gender (a) -16 ft or less (b) -15 to -11 ft (c) -10 to -6 ft (d) -5 to -1 ft (e) 0 ft (f) 1 to 3 ft (g) 4 to 6 ft Offset category N 1 Min 3.5 Mean 3.5 Median 3.5 Max 3.5 Std Dev . 12 4.0 8.5 7.7 15.9 3.2 2 4.8 8.7 8.7 12.6 5.5 6 2.2 7.0 7.3 11.8 4.0 11 3.0 7.0 6.5 12.8 3.2 5 4.1 5.6 4.4 10.7 2.8 28 0.9 7.5 7.7 13.8 3.7 13 4.1 8.1 7.5 14.3 3.4 44 2.7 7.7 7.2 15.7 3.3 13 3.7 8.7 7.5 14.5 3.5 18 2.3 7.9 7.5 15.2 3.1 2 6.1 7.5 7.5 8.8 1.9 4 4.4 5.8 5.7 7.6 1.4 10 1.1 6.4 7.0 11.7 3.5 Figure A.10. Distribution of accepted gap length by offset category and gender at signalized intersections.

73 Two-Way Stop-Controlled Intersections Red dot = mean; Horizontal line = median; Colored box = mid 50% of data; Blue circle = extreme value 16-20 21-25 26-65 66+ 16-20 21-25 26-65 66+ 16-20 21-25 26-65 66+ 16-20 21-25 26-65 66+ 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 A v a i l a b l e g a p l e n g t h ( s e c ) Age group (a) -16 ft or less (b) -15 to -11 ft (c) -10 to -6 ft (e) 0 ft Offset category N 1 Min 14.5 Mean 14.5 Median 14.5 Max 14.5 Std Dev . 15 0.0 1.3 1.1 3.7 1.3 0 . . . . . 8 0.2 3.3 2.5 10.6 3.5 42 0.2 4.2 2.9 13.6 3.5 75 0.2 2.3 1.7 14.2 2.2 20 0.4 4.2 3.4 10.4 3.2 515 0.1 2.9 1.7 29.7 3.4 60 0.3 3.4 2.2 12.0 2.9 0 . . . . . 29 0.3 4.3 3.3 14.2 3.2 62 0.6 3.5 1.7 19.8 4.3 11 0.7 3.8 2.8 9.7 3.2 25 0.4 2.8 2.2 11.7 2.3 14 0.2 2.1 2.1 4.3 1.2 17 0.8 4.1 2.8 11.5 3.2 Figure A.11. Distribution of available gap length by offset category and age group at two-way stop-controlled intersections.

74 Two-Way Stop-Controlled Intersections Red dot = mean; Horizontal line = median; Colored box = mid 50% of data; Blue circle = extreme value Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 A v a i l a b l e g a p l e n g t h ( s e c ) NDS driver gender (a) -16 ft or less (b) -15 to -11 ft (c) -10 to -6 ft (e) 0 ft Offset category N 8 Min 0.2 Mean 3.3 Median 2.5 Max 10.6 Std Dev 3.5 16 0.0 2.1 1.1 14.5 3.5 453 0.1 2.4 1.6 14.2 2.5 199 0.1 4.2 2.4 29.7 4.4 52 0.3 3.8 3.3 14.2 3.0 99 0.3 3.5 1.9 19.8 3.9 39 0.2 2.7 2.2 8.4 2.0 28 0.7 3.7 2.5 11.7 3.3 Figure A.12. Distribution of available gap length by offset category and gender at two-way stop-controlled intersections.

75 Two-Way Stop-Controlled Intersections Red dot = mean; Horizontal line = median; Colored box = mid 50% of data; Blue circle = extreme value 16-20 21-25 26-65 66+ 16-20 21-25 26-65 66+ 16-20 21-25 26-65 66+ 16-20 21-25 26-65 66+ 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 A c c e p t e d g a p l e n g t h ( s e c ) Age group (a) -16 ft or less (b) -15 to -11 ft (c) -10 to -6 ft (e) 0 ft Offset category N 1 Min 14.5 Mean 14.5 Median 14.5 Max 14.5 Std Dev . 0 . . . . . 0 . . . . . 2 6.2 8.4 8.4 10.6 3.1 13 2.7 8.5 7.5 13.6 3.1 8 2.8 6.1 4.4 14.2 4.1 8 5.1 7.5 7.2 10.4 2.2 83 2.3 8.9 8.1 29.7 4.3 13 4.4 8.1 8.7 12.0 2.2 0 . . . . . 9 3.3 7.4 6.7 14.2 3.1 12 4.3 10.5 9.5 19.8 5.6 4 2.8 6.9 7.5 9.7 3.3 2 6.8 9.3 9.3 11.7 3.5 1 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 . 6 4.7 7.8 7.9 11.5 2.5 Figure A.13. Distribution of accepted gap length by offset category and age group at two-way stop-controlled intersections.

76Two-Way Stop-Controlled Intersections Red dot = mean; Horizontal line = median; Colored box = mid 50% of data; Blue circle = extreme value Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 A c c e p t e d g a p l e n g t h ( s e c ) NDS driver gender (a) -16 ft or less (b) -15 to -11 ft (c) -10 to -6 ft (e) 0 ft Offset category N 2 Min 6.2 Mean 8.4 Median 8.4 Max 10.6 Std Dev 3.1 1 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 . 61 2.3 7.4 6.7 14.2 2.9 51 2.7 10.0 8.9 29.7 4.8 14 4.4 7.6 7.1 14.2 2.5 20 3.3 9.6 9.2 19.8 4.8 7 2.8 5.8 5.6 8.4 1.9 6 4.7 9.4 9.6 11.7 2.5 Figure A.14. Distribution of accepted gap length by offset category and gender at two-way stop-controlled intersections.

77 Signalized Intersections Red dot = mean; Horizontal line = median; Colored box = mid 50% of data; Blue circle = extreme value 16-20 21-25 26-65 66+ 16-20 21-25 26-65 66+ 16-20 21-25 26-65 66+ 16-20 21-25 26-65 66+ 16-20 21-25 26-65 66+ 16-20 21-25 26-65 66+ 16-20 21-25 26-65 66+ -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 P o s t - e n c r o a c h m e n t t i m e ( s e c ) f o r a c c e p t e d g a p s Age group (a) -16 ft or less (b) -15 to -11 ft (c) -10 to -6 ft (d) -5 to -1 ft (e) 0 ft (f) 1 to 3 ft (g) 4 to 6 ft Offset category N 11 Min 4.0 Mean 8.2 Median 7.3 Max 14.6 Std Dev 2.9 0 . . . . . 1 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 . 1 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 . 0 . . . . . 1 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 . 5 2.6 6.5 6.6 9.0 2.7 2 -1.6 2.7 2.7 7.0 6.1 8 3.3 5.3 5.0 8.8 1.8 3 4.4 8.4 10.0 10.9 3.5 2 2.6 4.5 4.5 6.4 2.6 3 3.0 5.4 3.4 9.7 3.8 1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 . 5 3.8 5.3 4.9 8.4 1.9 10 0.9 4.1 3.2 9.2 2.8 25 -1.1 7.8 7.3 14.9 3.6 20 2.1 6.8 6.5 12.6 2.9 5 3.0 7.0 5.5 13.9 4.2 19 2.2 6.0 5.7 10.1 2.5 13 3.7 7.1 6.3 11.1 2.5 0 . . . . . 13 1.0 5.9 5.6 12.3 2.9 3 2.8 5.2 6.1 6.6 2.1 4 4.3 6.7 6.1 10.4 2.8 3 2.0 4.0 4.6 5.4 1.8 3 4.2 6.1 6.8 7.4 1.7 4 -1.5 4.3 5.8 7.3 4.1 4 4.0 5.4 4.9 7.7 1.8 Figure A.15. Distribution of postencroachment time for accepted gaps by offset category and age group at signalized intersections.

78 Signalized Intersections Red dot = mean; Horizontal line = median; Colored box = mid 50% of data; Blue circle = extreme value Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 NDS driver gender (a) -16 ft or less (b) -15 to -11 ft (c) -10 to -6 ft (d) -5 to -1 ft (e) 0 ft (f) 1 to 3 ft (g) 4 to 6 ft Offset category N 1 Min 4.0 Mean 4.0 Median 4.0 Max 4.0 Std Dev . 12 3.3 7.8 7.2 14.6 3.2 2 3.3 6.2 6.2 9.0 4.0 6 -1.6 4.8 5.9 8.8 3.7 11 3.0 6.2 5.7 10.9 2.7 5 2.6 5.0 3.4 9.7 3.0 28 -1.1 6.3 6.7 12.3 3.5 13 3.2 7.1 5.6 14.9 3.9 44 2.2 6.5 6.1 12.6 2.6 13 2.1 7.1 6.8 13.9 3.2 18 1.0 6.1 5.8 12.3 2.7 2 2.8 4.7 4.7 6.6 2.7 4 4.2 5.1 4.5 7.4 1.5 10 -1.5 4.9 5.6 7.7 2.9 P o s t - e n c r o a c h m e n t t i m e ( s e c ) f o r a c c e p t e d g a p s Figure A.16. Distribution of postencroachment time for accepted gaps by offset category and gender at signalized intersections.

79 Two-Way Stop-Controlled Intersections Red dot = mean; Horizontal line = median; Colored box = mid 50% of data; Blue circle = extreme value 16-20 21-25 26-65 66+ 16-20 21-25 26-65 66+ 16-20 21-25 26-65 66+ 16-20 21-25 26-65 66+ 0 2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 12.5 15.0 17.5 20.0 22.5 25.0 Age group (a) -16 ft or less (b) -15 to -11 ft (c) -10 to -6 ft (e) 0 ft Offset category N 1 Min 13.9 Mean 13.9 Median 13.9 Max 13.9 Std Dev . 0 . . . . . 0 . . . . . 2 5.5 8.4 8.4 11.2 4.0 13 3.8 8.1 7.3 13.6 3.1 8 2.6 6.1 4.6 14.2 4.1 8 4.4 7.4 7.9 10.4 2.2 84 2.1 8.7 8.3 24.8 4.0 13 5.0 7.6 7.8 11.1 1.9 0 . . . . . 9 3.3 7.0 6.6 12.6 2.7 13 4.3 9.7 8.8 19.8 5.5 4 1.8 5.8 6.1 9.2 3.5 2 6.8 8.8 8.8 10.8 2.8 1 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 . 6 4.0 8.1 8.8 11.2 2.6 P o s t - e n c r o a c h m e n t t i m e ( s e c ) f o r a c c e p t e d g a p s Figure A.17. Distribution of postencroachment time for accepted gaps by offset category and age group at two-way stop-controlled intersections.

80Two-Way Stop-Controlled Intersections Red dot = mean; Horizontal line = median; Colored box = mid 50% of data; Blue circle = extreme value Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male 0 2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 12.5 15.0 17.5 20.0 22.5 25.0 NDS driver gender (a) -16 ft or less (b) -15 to -11 ft (c) -10 to -6 ft (e) 0 ft Offset category N 2 Min 5.5 Mean 8.4 Median 8.4 Max 11.2 Std Dev 4.0 1 13.9 13.9 13.9 13.9 . 61 2.1 7.0 6.5 14.2 2.9 52 3.8 9.9 8.8 24.8 4.3 14 5.0 7.1 6.5 12.6 1.9 21 3.3 9.0 8.6 19.8 4.7 7 1.8 5.8 6.1 9.2 2.6 6 4.0 8.9 9.5 11.2 2.6 P o s t - e n c r o a c h m e n t t i m e ( s e c ) f o r a c c e p t e d g a p s Figure A.18. Distribution of postencroachment time for accepted gaps by offset category and gender at two-way stop-controlled intersections.

81 A cc ep te d ga p le ng th (s ec ) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 Time spent waiting for accepted gap (sec) -5 5 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 105 115 125 135 145 155 Signalized Intersections Offset Category (a) -16 ft or less (b) -15 to -11 ft (c) -10 to -6 ft (d) -5 to -1 ft (e) 0 ft (f) 1 to 3 ft (g) 4 to 6 ft Figure A.19. Accepted gap length versus time spent waiting for gap, encoded by offset category, at signalized intersections. A cc ep te d ga p le ng th (s ec ) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Time spent waiting for accepted gap (sec) -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 Two-Way Stop-Controlled Intersections Offset Category (a) -16 ft or less (b) -15 to -11 ft (c) -10 to -6 ft (e) 0 ft Figure A.20. Accepted gap length versus time spent waiting for gap, encoded by offset category, at two-way stop-controlled intersections.

82 Po st -E nc ro ac hm en t T im e (se c) -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Time spent waiting for accepted gap (sec) -5 5 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 105 115 125 135 145 155 Signalized Intersections Offset Category (a) -16 ft or less (b) -15 to -11 ft (c) -10 to -6 ft (d) -5 to -1 ft (e) 0 ft (f) 1 to 3 ft (g) 4 to 6 ft Figure A.21. Postencroachment time of accepted gaps versus time spent waiting for gap, encoded by offset category, at signalized intersections. Po st -E nc ro ac hm en t T im e (se c) 0 5 10 15 20 25 Time spent waiting for accepted gap (sec) -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 Two-Way Stop-Controlled Intersections Offset Category (a) -16 ft or less (b) -15 to -11 ft (c) -10 to -6 ft (e) 0 ft Figure A.22. Postencroachment time of accepted gaps versus time spent waiting for gap, encoded by offset category, at two-way stop-controlled intersections.

83 Light condition dark w/ lights dark w/o light dusk/dawn light FREQ. 26 0 1 214 52 7 108 865 51 0 35 340 41 0 48 505 82 0 34 609 33 0 7 194 11 0 4 83 Light conditionOffset category (g) 4 to 6 ft (f) 1 to 3 ft (e) 0 ft (d) -5 to -1 ft (c) -10 to -6 ft (b) -15 to -11 ft (a) -16 ft or less light dusk/dawn dark w/o light dark w/ lights light dusk/dawn dark w/o light dark w/ lights light dusk/dawn dark w/o light dark w/ lights light dusk/dawn dark w/o light dark w/ lights light dusk/dawn dark w/o light dark w/ lights light dusk/dawn dark w/o light dark w/ lights light dusk/dawn dark w/o light dark w/ lights FREQUENCY 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 Figure A.24. Distribution of events by offset category and light conditions. Weather condition dry rain snow/ice FREQ. 197 44 0 957 72 3 399 25 0 557 37 0 671 54 0 223 11 0 98 0 0 Weather conditionOffset category (g) 4 to 6 ft (f) 1 to 3 ft (e) 0 ft (d) -5 to -1 ft (c) -10 to -6 ft (b) -15 to -11 ft (a) -16 ft or less snow/ice rain dry snow/ice rain dry snow/ice rain dry snow/ice rain dry snow/ice rain dry snow/ice rain dry snow/ice rain dry FREQUENCY 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Figure A.23. Distribution of events by offset category and weather conditions.

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 Analysis of Naturalistic Driving Study Data: Offset Left-Turn Lanes
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TRB’s second Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP 2) Report S2-S08B-RW-1: Analysis of Naturalistic Driving Study Data: Offset Left-Turn Lanes evaluates the gap acceptance behavior of drivers at left-turn lanes with offsets ranging from -29 feet to 6 feet.

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