Guide for Pavement Friction (2009)

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127 REFERENCES Al-Qadi, I.L., G.W. Flintsch, D.S. Roosevelt, R. Decker, J.C. Wambold, and W.A. Nixon. 2002. “Feasibility of Using Friction Indicators to Improve Winter Maintenance Operations and Mobility,” NCHRP Web Document 53, National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP), Washington, D.C. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). 1976. Guidelines for Skid-Resistant Pavement Design, Task Force for Pavement Design, AASHTO, Washington, D.C. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). 1993. “Guide for Design of Pavement Structures,” Joint Task Force on Pavements, AASHTO, Washington, D.C. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). 2001. “A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets,” AASHTO Green Book, AASHTO, Washington, D.C. Anderson, D.A., R.S. Huebner, J.R. Reed, J.C. Warner, and J.J. Henry. 1998. Improved Surface Drainage of Pavements, NCHRP Web Document 16, National Cooperative Highway Research Foundation (NCHRP), Washington, D.C. Andresen A. and J.C. Wambold. 1999. “Friction Fundamentals, Concepts and Methodology,” TP 13837E, Transportation Development Centre, Canada. Austroads. 2005. “Guidelines for the Management of Road Surface Skid Resistance,” Austroads Publication No. AP-G83/05, Austroads Incorporated, Sydney, Australia. Bray, J. 2002. “The Role of Crash Surveillance and Program Evaluation: NYSDOT’s Skid Accident Reduction Program (SKARP),” Presented at 28th International Forum on Traffic Records and Highway information Systems, Orlando, Florida. Cairney, P. 1997. “Skid Resistance and Crashes – A Review of the Literature,” Research Report No. 311, ARRB Transport Research Ltd., Vermont South Victoria, Australia. Chelliah, T., P. Stephanos, M.G. Shah, and T. Smith. 2003. “Developing a Design Policy to Improve Pavement Surface Characteristics,” Paper presented at 82nd Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C. Craus, J., M. Livneh, and I. Ishai. 1991. “Effect of Pavement and Shoulder Condition on Highway Accidents,” Transportation Research Record 1318, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C. Crouch, L.K., G. Shirley, G. Head, and W.A. Goodwin. 1996. “Aggregate Polishing Resistance Pre-Evaluation, Transportation Research Record 1530, Transportation Research Board (TRB), Washington, D.C.

128 Crouch, L.K. and T.R. Dunn. 2005. “Identification of Aggregates for Tennessee Bituminous Surface Courses,” Phase IV Final Report, Project No. TNSPR-RES 1149, Tennessee Department of Transportation, Nashville, Tennessee. Dahir, S.H. and J.J. Henry. 1978. Alternatives for the Optimization of Aggregate and Pavement Properties Related to Friction and Wear Resistance, Report No. FHWA-RD-78- 209, Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), Washington, D.C. Davis, R.M. 2001. Comparison of Surface Characteristics of Hot-Mix Asphalt Pavement Surfaces at the Virginia Smart Road, Thesis submitted to the faculty of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia. Farber, E., M.S. Janoff, S. Cristinzio, J.G. Blubaugh, W. Reisener, and W. Dunning. 2004. “Determining Pavement Skid-Resistance Requirements at Intersections and Braking Sites,” NCHRP Report No. 154, National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP), Washington, D.C. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). 1980. “Skid Accident Reduction Program,” Technical Advisory T 5040.17, U.S. Department of Transportation, FHWA, Washington, D.C. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). 1996. “PCC Surface Texture Technical Working Group Findings,” FHWA, Washington, D.C. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). 2005. “Surface Texture for Asphalt and Concrete Pavements,” Technical Advisory T 5040.36, U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C. Flintsch, G.W., I.L. Al-Qadi, R. Davis, and K.K. McGhee. 2002. “Effect of HMA Properties on Pavement Surface Characteristics,” Proceedings of the Pavement Evaluation 2002 Conference, Roanoke, Virginia. Flintsch G.W., E. De Leon, K.K. McGhee, and I.L. Al-Qadi. 2003. “Pavement Surface Macro-texture Measurement and Application,” Transportation Research Board (TRB), Washington, D.C. Folliard, K.J. and K.D. Smith. 2003. “Aggregate Tests for Portland Cement Concrete Pavements: Review and Recommendations,” September edition (No. 281) of NCHRP Research Results Digest, National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP), Washington, D.C. Gandhi, P.M., B. Colucci, and S.P. Gandhi. 1991. “Polishing of Aggregates and Wet- Weather Accident Rates for Flexible Pavements,” Transportation Research Record 1300, Transportation Research Board (TRB), Washington, D.C.

129 Giles, C.G., B.E. Sabey, and K.H.F. Cardew. 1962. “Development and Performance of the Portable Skid Resistance Tester,” ASTM Special Technical Publication No. 326, American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Gillespie, T.D. 1992. Fundamentals of Vehicle Dynamics, Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), Warrendale, Pennsylvania. Glennon, J.C. 1996. “Roadway Defects and Tort Liability,” Lawyers & Judges Publishing Company, Inc., Tucson, Arizona. Gothie, M. 1996. “Relationship Between Surface Characteristics and Accidents,” Proceedings of 3rd International Symposium on Pavement Surface Characteristics, Christchurch, New Zealand. Gransberg, D. and D.M.B. James. 2005. “Chip Seal Best Practices,” NCHRP Synthesis 342, National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP), Washington, D.C. Hanson, D.I. and B.D. Prowell. 2004. “Evaluation of Circular Texture Meter for Measuring Surface Texture of Pavements,” NCAT Report No. 04-05, National Center for Asphalt Technology (NCAT), Auburn, Alabama. Harwood, D.W., et al. 1987. “Wet Weather Exposure Measures,” Report No. FHWA/RD- 87/105, Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), Washington, D.C. Hayes, G.G., D.L. Ivey, and B.M. Gallaway. 1983. “Hydroplaning, Hydrodynamic Drag, and Vehicle Stability,” Special Technical Publication 793, American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Henry, J.J. 1983. “Comparison of Friction Performance of a Passenger Tire and the ASTM Standard Test Tires,” ASTM STP 793, American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Henry, J.J. 2000. “Evaluation of Pavement Friction Characteristics,” NCHRP Synthesis 291, National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP), Washington, D.C. Highways Agency (HA). 2004. Design Manual for Roads and Bridges, Volume 7, HD 28, “Skid Resistance,” Department for Transport, London, United Kingdom. Highway Innovative Technology Evaluation Center (HITEC). 2003. Evaluations—Italgrip System, Civil Engineering Research Foundation (CERF) HITEC website (www.cerf.org/hitec/evals.htm), Washington D.C. Hoerner, T.E., K.D. Smith, R.M. Larson, and M.E. Swanlund. 2003. “Current Practice of PCC Pavement Texturing,” Paper presented at 82nd Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C.

130 Hoerner, T.E. and K.D. Smith. 2002. High Performance Concrete Pavement: Pavement Texturing and Tire-Pavement Noise, FHWA Report No. FHWA-IF-02-020, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C. Horne, W.B. and F. Buhlmann. 1983. “A Method for Rating the Skid Resistance and Micro/Macro-texture Characteristics of Wet Pavements,” ASTM International STP No. 793, W. E Meyers and J. D. Walter, Editors American Society for testing and materials, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Iowa Department of Transportation (Iowa DOT). 2005. “Toolbox of Highway Safety Strategies,” Iowa DOT Safety Management System website (www.IowaSMS.org). Jayawickrama, P.W., R. Prasanna, and S.P. Senadheera. 1996. “Survey of State Practices to Control Skid Resistance on Hot-Mix Asphalt Concrete Pavements,” Transportation Research Record 1536, Transportation Research Board (TRB), Washington, D.C. Kamel, N. and T. Gartshore. 1982. “Ontario’s Wet Pavement Accident Reduction Program,” ASTM Special Technical Publication 763, American Society of Testing and Materials, (ASTM), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Kandhal, P.S., F. Parker Jr., and R.B. Mallick. 1997. Aggregate Tests for Hot Mix Asphalt: State of the Practice, NCAT Report No. 97-6, National Center for Asphalt Technology (NCAT), Auburn, Alabama. Kandhal, P.S. and F. Parker Jr. 1998. 1997. Aggregate Tests Related to Asphalt Concrete Performance in Pavements, NCHRP Report 405, National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP), Washington, D.C. Kandhal, P.S., K.Y. Foo, and R.B. Mallick. 1998. “A Critical Review of VMA Requirements in SuperPave,” NCAT Report 98-01, National Center for Asphalt Technology (NCAT), Auburn, Alabama. Kuemmel, D.A., J.R. Jaeckel, and A. Satanovsky. 2000. Investigative Study of the Italgrip System: Noise Analysis, Report No. WI/SPR-02-00Wisconsin Department of Transportation, Madison, Wisconsin. Kulakowski, B.T., J.C. Wambold, C.E. Antle, C. Lin, and J.M. Mason. 1990. “Development of a Methodology to Identify and Correct Slippery Pavements,” FHWA-PA90-002+88-06, The Pennsylvania Transportation Institute, State College, Pennsylvania. Kuttesch, J. S. 2004. “Quantifying the Relationship Between Skid Resistance and Wet Weather Accidents for Virginia Data,” M.S. Thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia. Larson, R.M. 1999. “Consideration of Tire/Pavement Friction/Texture Effects on Pavement Structural Design and Materials Mix Design,” Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), Office of Pavement Technology, Washington, D.C.

131 Liang, R.Y. 2003. “Blending Proportions of High Skid and Low Skid Aggregate,” Final Report prepared for Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT), Columbus, Ohio. Liang, R.Y. and L.L. Chyi. 2000. “Polishing And Friction Characteristics Of Aggregates Produced in Ohio,” Report No. FHWA/OH-2000/001, Ohio Department of Transportation, Columbus, Ohio. Mahone, D.C. and S.N. Runkle. 1972. “Pavement Friction Needs,” Highway Research Record 396, Highway Research Board, Washington D.C. McCullough, B.V. and K.D. Hankins. 1966. “Skid Resistance Guidelines for Surface Improvements on Texas Highways,” In Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board (TRB), No. 131, TRB, Washington, D.C. McDaniel, R.S. and B.J. Coree. 2003. “Identification of Laboratory Techniques to Optimize SuperPave HMA Surface Friction Characteristis,” Phase I Final Report, SQDH 2003-6, HL 2003-19, Institute for Safe, Quiet, and Durable Highways (ISQDH), Purdue University. McGhee, K.K. and G.W. Flintsch. 2003. “High Speed Texture Measurement of Pavements,” Final Report, Report No. VTRC 03-R9, Virginia Transportation Research Council (VTRC), Charlottesville, Virginia. McLean, J. 1995. “The Relationship Between Pavement Condition and Road Safety,” Paper presented at the Load-Pavement Interaction Workshop, Newcastle. McNeal, A.F. 1995. “A Summary of the Illinois Skid-Accident Reduction Program 1989- 1994,” Physical Research Report No. 119, Bureau of Materials and Physical Research, Illinois Department of Transportation, Springfield, Illinois. McNerney, M.T., B.J. Landsberger, T. Turen, and A. Pandelides. 2000. “Comparative Field Measurements of Tire/Pavement Noise of Selected Texas Pavements,” Report No. FHWA/TX-7-2957-2, Texas Department of Transportation, Austin, Texas. Meegoda, J.N., C.H. Hettiarachchi, G.M. Rowe, N. Bandara, and M.J. Sharrock. 2002. Correlation of Surface Texture, Segregation, and Measurement of Air Voids, Final Report prepared for New Jersey Department of Transportation, Trenton, New Jersey. Meyer, W.E. 1982. Synthesis of Frictional Requirements Research, Report No. FHWA/RD- 81/159, Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), Washington, D.C. Meininger, R.C. 1994. “Degradation Resistance, Strength, Toughness, and Related Properties,” ASTM STP 169C, ASTM, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania. Miller, M.M. and H.D. Johnson. 1973. “Effects of Resistance to Skidding on Accidents: Surface Dressing on an Elevated Section of the M4 Motorway,” Report No. LR 542, Transport and Road Research Laboratory, Berkshire, United Kingdom.

132 Mockensturm, E.M., B.T. Kulakowski, and N.M. Hawk. 2002. “Measurement and Evaluation of Roadside Noise Generated by Transit Buses,” Final Report, The Institute for Safe, Quiet, and Durable Highways (ISQDH), Purdue University. Mullen, W.G., S.H. Dahir, and M. El Madani. 1974. “Laboratory Evaluation of Aggregates: Aggregate Blends and Bituminuous Mixes for Polish Resistance,” Transportation Research Record 523, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). 1998. “Report to Congress: Update on the Status of Splash and Spray Suppression Technology for Large Trucks,” NHTSA, Washington, D.C. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). 2004. “Traffic Safety Facts 2003 – A Compilation of Motor Vehicle Crash Data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System and the General Estimates System,” NHTSA website (http://www- nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov). Newcomb, D. and L. Scofield. 2004. “Quiet Pavements Raise the Roof in Europe: Scanning Tour Reveals European Practice for Noise Mitigation,” September/October edition of Hot Mix Asphalt Technology. Noyce, D.A., H.U. Bahia, J.M. Yambo, and G. Kim. 2005. Incorporating Road Safety into Pavement Management: Maximizing Asphalt Pavement Surface Friction for Road Safety Improvements,” Draft Literature Review and State Surveys, Midwest Regional University Transportation Center (UMTRI), Madison, Wisconsin. Ong, G.P. and T.F. Fwa. 2006. “Transverse Pavement Grooving Against Hydroplaning I: Simulation Model,” Journal of Transportation Engineering, Volume 132, Number 6, American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), Reston, Virginia. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). 1984. “Road Surface Characteristics – Their Interaction and their Optimisation,” OECD Scientific Expert Group, Road Transport Research, Paris, France. Page, B.G. and L.F. Butas. 1986. Evaluation of Friction Requirements for California State Highways in Terms of Highway Geometrics, Report No. FHWA/CA/TL 86/01, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C. Permanent International Association of Road Congresses (PIARC). 1987. “Report of the Committee on Surface Characteristics,” Proceedings of the 18th World Road Congress, Brussels, Belgium. Permanent International Association of Road Congresses (PIARC). 1995. International PIARC Experiment to Compare and Harmonize Texture and Skid Resistance Measurements, Report No. AIPCR-01.040.T, PIARC, Brussels, Belgium.

133 Prowell, B.D., J. Zhang, and E.R. Brown. 2005. “Aggregate Properties and the Performance of SuperPave-Designed Hot Mix Asphalt,” NCHRP Report 539, National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP), Washington, D.C. Radlinski, R.W. and S.F. Williams. 1985. “Stopping Capability of Air-Braked Vehicles,” Report No. DOT-HS-806-738, NHTSA Heavy Duty Vehicle Brake Research Program, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), Washington, D.C. Rado, Z. 1994. “Analysis of Texture Models,” PTI Report No. 9510, Pennsylvania Transportation Institute (PTI), Penn State University, State College, Pennsylvania. Radt, H.S. and W.F. Milliken. 1960. Motions of Skidding Automobiles, Paper No. 600133 (205A), Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), Warrendale, Pennsylvania. Rao, S., H.T. Yu, L. Khazanovich, M.I. Darter, and J.W. Mack. 1999. “Longevity of Diamond Ground Concrete Pavements,” Paper presented at 78th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C. Rasoulian, M. 2004. Notes from February 19, 2004 teleconference with Mr. Masood Rasoulian, Louisiana Transportation Research Center. Richardson, J.T.G. 1999. “Stone Mastic Asphalt in the U.K.,” Society of Chemical Industry (SCI) Lecture Papers Series, London, United Kingdom. Rizenbergs, R.L., J.L. Burchett, and C.T. Napier. 1972. “Skid Resistance of Pavements,” Report No. KYHPR-64-24, Part II, Kentucky Department of Highways, Lexington, Kentucky. Roberts, F.L., P.S. Kandhal, E.R. Brown, D.Y. Lee, and T.W. Kennedy. 1996. “Hot Mix Asphalt Materials: Mixture Design, and Construction,” National Asphalt Pavement Association (NAPA) Education Foundation, Lanham, Maryland. Rowdan, L. 2004. Notes from February 19, 2004 teleconference with Ms. LaDonna Rowdan, Illinois Department of Transportation. Saito, K., T. Horiguchi, A. Kasahara, H. Abe, and J.J. Henry. 1996. “Development of Portable Tester for Measuring Skid Resistance and its Speed Dependency on Pavement Surfaces,” Transportation Research Record No. 1536, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C. Sandburg, U. 1998. “Influence of Road Surface Texture on Traffic Characteristics Related to Environment, Economy, and Safety: A State-of-the-Art Study Regarding Measures and Measuring Methods,” VTI Report 53A-1997, Swedish National Road Administration, Borlange, Sweden. Sandburg, U. and J.A. Ejsmont. 2002. Tyre/Road Noise Reference Book, ISBN 91-631- 2610-9, Informex, Kisa, Sweden.

134 Schulze, K.H., A. Gerbaldi, and J. Chavet. 1976. “Skidding Accidents, Friction Numbers, and the Legal Aspects Involved,” In Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 623, TRB, Washington, D.C. Senior, S.A. and C.A. Rogers. 1991. “Laboratory Tests for Predicting Coarse Aggregate Performance in Ontario, Transportation Research Record 1301, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C. Skerritt, W.H. 2004. “Notes from February 19, 2004 teleconference with Mr. Bill Skerritt of the New York Department of Transportation, Engineering Geology section of the Materials Bureau.” Stampley, B. 2004. “Notes from February 13, 2004 teleconference with Mr. Bryan Stampley, Pavement Management Engineer with Texas Department of Transportation.” Stroup-Gardiner, M. and E.R. Brown. 2000. “Segregation in Hot-Mix Asphalt Pavements,” NCHRP Report 441, National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP), Washington, D.C. Sullivan, B.W. 2005. “Development of a Fundamental Skid Resistance Asphalt Mix Design Procedure,” Pavement Management Service, Sydney, Australia. Transit New Zealand. 2002. “Specifications for Skid Resistance Investigation and Treatment Selection,” TNZ T10-2002, Transit New Zealand, Christchurch, New Zealand. Transit New Zealand. 2002. “Notes to the Specifications for Skid Resistance Investigation and Treatment Selection,” TNZ T10 Notes-2002, Transit New Zealand, Christchurch, New Zealand. Texas Department of Transportation (TXDOT). 2004. “Chapter 5–Wet Weather Accident Reduction Program,” Pavement Design Manual, TXDOT, Austin, Texas. Underwood, J.P. 1971. “Aggregate Polishing Characteristics: The British Wheel Test and the Insoluble Residue Test,” Research Report No. 126-2, Texas Department of Transportation, Austin, Texas. Victoria Roads (VicRoads) and Roads and Traffic Authority (RTA) of New South Wales. 1996. “Guide for the Measurement and Interpretation of Skid Resistance Using SCRIM,” VicRoads, Victoria, Australia and RTA of New South Wales, Australia. Viner, H., R. Sinhal, and T. Parry. 2004. “Review of UK Skid Resistance Policy,” Paper prepared for 5th International Symposium on Pavement Surface Characteristics---Road and Airports, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Wade, M., R. DeSombre, and D. Peshkin. 2001. “High Volume/High Speed Asphalt Roadway Preventive Maintenance Surface Treatments,” Final Report, South Dakota Department of Transportation, Pierre, South Dakota.

135 Wallman, C.G. and H. Astrom. 2001. “Friction Measurement Methods and the Correlation Between Road Friction and Traffic Safety,” Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, VTI Meddelande 911A, Linkoping, Sweden. Wambold, J.C., J.J. Henry, and R.R. Blackburn. 1984. Pavement Surface Texture: Significance and Measurement, Report No. FHWA/RD-84/092, Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), Washington, D.C. Washington Asphalt Pavement Association (WAPA). 2004. “Asphalt Pavement Guide,” on- line website www.asphaltwa.com. Washington Department of Transportation (WSDOT). 2005. “Factors Affecting HMA Permeability,” Tech Notes, WSDOT Materials Laboratory, Olympia, Washington. Wayson, R.L. 1998. “Relationship Between Pavement Surface Texture and Highway Traffic Noise,” NCHRP Synthesis 268, National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP), Washington, D.C. World Health Organization (WHO). 2004. “World Report on Road Traffic Injury Prevention,” WHO, Geneva, Switzerland. Wu, Y., F. Parker, and K. Kandhal. 1998. Aggregate Toughness/Abrasion Resistance and Durability/Soundness Tests Related to Asphalt Concrete Performance in Pavements, NCAT Report 98-04, National Center for Asphalt Technology (NCAT), Auburn, Alabama. Xiao, J., B.T. Kulakowski, and M. El-Gindy. 2000. “Prediction of Risk of Wet-Pavement Accidents: Fuzzy Logic Model,” Transportation Research Record 1717, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C. Yaron, R. and S. Nesichi. 2005. “Alleviating the Skid Resistance Problem: The Israeli Experience,” Paper presented at First International Conference on Surface Friction: Roads and Runways, Christchurch, New Zealand. This page intentionally left blank.